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François E. Guichard
Mechanical Engineer
Vehicle Regulations and Transport InnovationsSecretary of the Working Party “WP.29/GRRF”Focal Point ITS/AD
Hotel Palace, Dürres, Albania 6-7 February 2018
UN vehicle regulations agreements• 1958 Agreement• 1997 Agreement• 1998 Agreement
Albania Road Safety Performance ReviewCapacity Building Workshop
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ContentI. WP.29
a) WP.29 Activities
b) WP.29 scope and organization
II. The legal instruments managed by WP.29
a) Vehicle approval: the 1958 Agreement
b) Vehicle certification: the 1998 Agreement
c) Periodic technical inspections (PTI): the 1997 Agreement
III. Better vehicles by implementation of the UN Vehicle Agreements
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Content
I. WP.29a) WP.29 Activities
b) WP.29 scope and organization
II. The tools of WP.29
a) Vehicle approval: the 1958 Agreement
b) Vehicle certification: the 1998 Agreement
c) Periodic technical inspections (PTI): the 1997 Agreement
III. Better vehicles by implementation of the UN Vehicle Agreements
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The Agenda 2030 and Road SafetyThe Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
3.6. By 2020, halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents.
11.2. By 2030, provide access to safe, affordable, accessible and sustainable transport systems for all, improving road safety, notably by expanding public transport, with special attention to the needs of those in vulnerable situations, women, children, persons with disabilities and older persons.
Two targets are directly relevant for road safety
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UN decade of action for road safety 2011-2020
The plan
The 5 pillars
X X
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Safe system approach
• A new approach for a safe system:• Because it is inacceptable to die or get heavily injured because of our mobility needs
• Because the perfect driver does not exist. Human being can fail and are vulnerable
• Safe system means: a system in which a mistake doesn’t mean Crash, and if any crash happen, it should not lead to death of injuries
• Levers:• Safer roads («self explanatory roads», «segregating road users», «forgiving roads»)
• Appropriate speed (low speed if no traffic segregation e.g. in urban areas)
• Safer vehicles (construction, equipment and maintenance)
• Safer usage of streets (traffic reduction, education etc.)
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360 ° approach of UNECE
• Regulatory workTo ensure widest possible geographical
coverage of UN road safety international
legal instruments
• Policy dialogueTo strengthen road safety management and
coordination
• Analytical workTo assist in the identification of best
practices
• Technical AssistanceTo assist countries in the ECE region and
beyond to implement international transport
and road traffic safety legislation
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The World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29)
• UNECE Sustainable Transport Division: secretariat to WP.29 for more than 70 years
• WP.29 is:
• the unique worldwide regulatory forum for the automotive sector
• administrating three Multilateral UN Agreements
Construction regulations
1958 Agreement – Type Approval Regulations with mutual recognition of the type approvals
1998 Agreement – Global Technical Regulations
In Use PTI regulations
1997 Agreement – Adoption of Uniform Conditions for Periodical Technical Inspections of Wheeled Vehicles and the Reciprocal Recognition
of Such Inspection
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The WP.29 structure
General SafetyPassive SafetyActive Safety
GRE
World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (WP.29)
Environmental protection
and ~40 non-permanent technical groups
Committee for the 1958 Agreement (AC.1)Committee for the 1998 Agreement (AC.3)Committee for the 1997 Agreement (AC.4)
Committee for Coordination of Work (AC.2)
Passive safetye.g. Crash tests
Child restraint
Genera safetye.g. Safety of buses
Glazing materials,Rear view mirrors
Brakes and running geare.g. Self steering vehicles
Pollution & energye.g. WLTP, HILS
GRRF
Lighting & light signallinge.g. AFS
GRSP GRSG GRPE
GRBNoisee.g. Method B, ASEP
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• Agreements open to all Nations of the UN
• Participation open to States, Governmental
Organizations (GOs) and NGOs, but
Decisions are taken by Governments
(of CPs)
WP.29 is worldwide, unique and transparent
No other worldwide organization covers this area
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What is WP.29 doing?
Passive safetyEmissions of pollutants and CO2
Noise Active safety Lighting and light signalling
General safety
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ContentI. WP.29
a) WP.29 Activities
b) WP.29 scope and organization
II. The tools of WP.29
a) Vehicle approval: the 1958 Agreement
b) Vehicle certification: the 1998 Agreement
c) Periodic technical inspections (PTI): the 1997 Agreement
III. Better vehicles by implementation of the UN Vehicle Agreements
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Principal Elements of the 1958 Agreement
The 1958 Agreement provides:
Eligible Contracting Parties to the 1958 Agreement:
Members of UN
Legal framework for the adoption of
uniform UN Regulations on the vehicle construction
Reciprocal recognition of Type Approval
Approved once and accepted everywhere(CPs)
Elimination of barriers to trade
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Principal Elements of the 1958 Agreement• All vehicle parts and systems approved according to UN Regulations under the 1958
Agreement bear the unique E -marking
E stands for Excellence Effective Economic Efficient… • The Type-Approval with an approval number and the approval date + test reports
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Current status
• More than 140 Regulations annexed to the 1958 Agreement
• Covering all kind of products and their parts
• Evolution of the Agreement (Revision 3):• Entry into force: 14 September 2017
• Possibility to apply former versions of a UN Regulation
(e.g. possibility to use EURO 4 or EURO 5 while we are now at EURO 6)
• Stricter requirements for the nomination of Technical Services
• DETA (Database of the exchange of Type Approval documentation) - forthcoming
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Latest Developments in Vehicle Regulations
WP.29 is the forum in which are defined the performance requirements and the technical regulations applicable to automated vehicles :
WP.29 committed to continue improving the safety and environmental performance of vehicles:
• Blind Spot Monitoring
• Safety of Electric Vehicles
• WLTP…
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Principal Elements of the 1998 Agreement
The 1998 Agreement provides:
Eligible Contracting Parties to the 1998 Agreement:
Members of UN
Legal framework for the adoption of uniform Global Technical Regulations
– UN GTRs -
No administrative provisions
(for self certification and homologation)
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Principal Elements of the 1998 Agreement
The 1998 Agreement requests
Contracting Parties to the 1998 Agreement
Commit themselves to implement a GTR into national legislation, when voting in favour
Need a system/agency for market surveillance and enforcement of production compliance
Regular reporting by Contracting Parties on the implementation of GTRs in their national law
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Principal Elements of the 1997 Agreement
The 1997 Agreement provides:
Eligible Contracting Parties to the 1997 Agreement:
Members of UN
Legal framework for the adoption of uniform UN Rules for PTI of
vehicles in use
Reciprocal recognition of certificates of such inspections for cross-
border use of vehicles
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For environmental issues
For safety inspection
Principal Elements of the 1997 Agreement
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Current PTI regulations (UN Rules) – In ForceCommercial vehicles –Vehicles of Category N2 and N3 Coach and busses – Vehicles of Category M2 and M3
(Mass > 3.5t)
Latest achievements – EIF in June 2018Scope extension – Including vehicles below 3.5 tons (i.e. passenger cars and vans) Update of technical provisions – corresponding to the scope extension
FutureNew Rules – For alternative powertrains e.g. NGVAmendment to the 1997 Agreement –Drafted by the IWG on PTI
WP.29 has agreed to update the UN Rules
Status of the 1997 Agreement
Resolution R.E.6 on test-equipment, skills & training of inspectors, supervision
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Aim of the Periodic Technical Inspection
Vehicle life cycle
New vehicle Vehicle in use vehicle off the road (16 – 20 years) (Recyling)
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Time
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Performance w/ PTI
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Complement to the 1997 Agreement
Resolution R.E.6 on
• test-equipment,
• skills of inspectors,
• training of inspectors,
• Supervision of test centers.
Aim: address the reasons that often defeat PTI
Aligned with the Directive 2014/45 (Roadworthyness / PTI)
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ContentI. WP.29
a) WP.29 Activities b) WP.29 scope and organization
II. The tools of WP.29
a) Vehicle approval: the 1958 Agreement
b) Vehicle certification: the 1998 Agreement
c) Periodic technical inspections(PTI): the 1997 Agreement
III. Better vehicles by implementation of the UN Vehicle Agreements
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Implementation of 1998 Agreement• Amendments to national legislation
• Full transposition of the UN GTR into national legislation
• Introduce provisions for self-certification or homologation
• Requirements for vehicle registration (e.g. vehicle certification as pre-requisit)
• Responsibilities and sanctions
• National Authority for market surveillance and enforcement of production compliance• Procedures for market surveillance and enforcement of production compliance
• Technical capacity for performing compliance tests once vehicle models are put on the market
• Enforcement of re-call activities and sanctions against manufacturers
• Acting as liaison point to the WP.29 secretariat
• Mandatory status report to AC.3
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Implementation of 1997 Agreement• Amendments to national legislation
• Requirements for periodic technical inspection (e.g. reference to UN Rules and R.E.6)
• Requirements for reciprocal recognition of PTI certificats for cross border traffic
• Requirements for vehicle registration (e.g. PTI as pre-requisit)
• Responsibilities and sanctions
• National PTI Authority• Administrative procedures for granting, extending, suspension of authorization for
PTI test centres and for inspectors
• Requirements for test centres, equipment, skills & traning of inspectors and supervision of test centres
• Acting as liaison point to other PTI Authorities and the WP.29 secretariat
• Test Centres
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Why does it matter?
Why PTI ?
• Evidence base:• Technical defects related to
fatal accidents (based on in-depth accident analysis)• 8 to 15% in high income
countries (EU)
• 15 to 25% in middle income countries
• 1997 Agreement?• New specifications for new
technologies
Example of results of technical roadside inspections (Austria ´08)
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Implementation of 1958 Agreement• Amendments to national legislation
• Requirements for vehicle approval (e.g. reference to UN Regulations)
• Requirements for reciprocal recognition of UN Type Approvals
• Requirements for vehicle registration (e.g. vehicle approval as pre-requisit)
• Responsibilities and sanctions
• Type Approval Authority• Administrative procedures for granting, extending, suspension of approvals
• Assessment, designation and notification of technical services
• Conformity of production procedures
• Acting as liaison point to other TAAs and the WP.29 secretariat
• Technical Services• May also be private or located outside the country/in any other Contracting Party
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Why does it matter?Why vehicle regulations?
Several versions of a given model, because:• Left Hand Drive • Right Hand Drive• The US/Canada version• The Rest of the World (e.g. for countries with low fuel quality)… @ Global NCAP
@ Global NCAP@UNECE
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Why does it matter?The same model of a same brand can have various levels of performance
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Type Approval
Testing
• Submission of the information document (documentation of the product)
• Performance of the tests prescribed
• (According to the provisions of the Regulation)
Approval
• Test report and documentation checked
• Type approval issued by the Authority
COP
• Conformity of Production (COP) process and checks (QM / QA)
• COP audit by the Authorities
In Use• Some regulations require «in use» testing of products (e.g. in the field of emissions)
End or life• One regulation is dedicated to the recyclability of vehicles
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The most important UN VehicleRegulations to make a change to road safety
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How are used UN type approvals / certificates
Systemapprovals
WholeVehicle
TypeApproval
Certificatefor a given
vehicle
Registration
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0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
1983: 0.8 g/l offense rate
1970: 1.2 g/l offense rate,0.8 g/l fine rate
Alcohol control measures
1986: immediate withdrawal of the license in case of drunkenness
1990: alcohol control at the initiative of the police
1995: 0.5 g/l fine rate
2003: between 0.5 & 0.8 g/l withdrawal of 6 points 2004: 0.2 g/l for
public transport drivers 2010: alcohol lock on child
public transport
Speed limitation measuresDriving licence related measures
1973-1974: speed limitations: 90 kph on normal roads, 110 kph on expressway, 130 kphon highway
1982: speed limit on wet roads
1990: 50 kph speed limit in urban roads
1999: Owner's pecuniary liability
2003: Automatic speed control camera
2012: Automatic average speed control camera
2014: Automatic mobile speed control camera
1992: 12 Pts driving license
2004: 6 Pts learners driving license
Case study: behavioral measures taken in France
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0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
1970 1972 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
Safety belt for all in front seats
Safety belt for all in all seats
Pedestrian protection
ABS
ESC ABSPTW
Crash testsLateral impact & frontal impact (Offset)
Active safety measures imposed to manufacturers on the construction of new vehicles
Passive safety measures imposed to manufacturers on the construction of new vehicles
Regulation on tyres for passenger cars
Regulation on the braking performance of cars, buses and trucks Regulation on the
braking performance of PTWs
Case study: technical measures taken in France
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Import of used vehicles
• The age of a vehicle doesn’t tell everything about:• Its performance
• Its equipment
• Performance’s check of imported vehicles:• Periodic Technical Inspection
• (Verification of approval numbers)
Head restrain performance
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Leaflets and Publications
• Child restraint systems
• Motorcycle helmets
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THANK YOUFOR YOUR ATTENTION
UNECE Sustainable Transport Division
http://www.unece.org/trans