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Peter Troch – University of Arizona
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Design of the Institutional ExperimentA Biosphere2-CUAHSI co-production
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Biosphere 2
Hillslope hydrology
Microbial and plantcolonization
Biogeo-weathering &ecosystem dynamics
Surface/subsurface water flow paths & connectivity
Huxman et al., EOS, 2009
Design Considerations
• C1: Relevance of the results to the semi-arid setting of the Biosphere2 facility
• C2: Spatially variable moisture regimes, including convergence• C3: Lateral connectivity of processes through transient subsurface
flow• C4: Ensuring sufficient water available in the root zone• C5: Temporal dynamics and response to climatic variation• C6: Avoiding significant overland flow• C7: Minimize the imposed structure and maximize the emergent
structure• C8: Simplicity and elegance• C9: Technical feasibility
Hopp et al., HESS, in prep
Zero-order catchment
Hopp et al., HESS, in prep
Parsimonious hydrologic modeling
Hopp et al., HESS, in prep
Detailed hydrologic modeling
Hopp et al., HESS, in prep
Engineering Design
Linking hydrology and geochemistry
Dontsova et al., in prep
Hydro-geochemical modeling
Tran
spor
t (H
YD
RU
S)
(adv
ectio
n, d
ispe
rsio
n, d
iffus
ion)
(sat
urat
ed /
unsa
tura
ted)
-aqueous speciation-kinetic mineral dissolution/precipitation-ion exchange-surface complexation
Geochemical Reactions(CrunchFlow)
reaction-induced porosity& permeability feedback
velocitywater sat.
Sharon Desilets
Subsurface weathering and precipitation
49
51
53
55
57
59
0
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me
% o
f pri
mar
y m
iner
als
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me
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f sec
onda
ry m
iner
als
Time, days
0.05 mm/h
5 mm/h
0.26 mm/h
0.41 mm/h
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51
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55
57
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8
10
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me
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mar
y m
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als
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me
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f sec
onda
ry m
iner
als
Time, days
0.1 m2/g
1.7 m2/g
3.2 m2/g
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55
57
59
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2
4
6
8
10
0 200 400 600 800 1000
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me
% o
f pri
mar
y m
iner
als
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me
% o
f sec
onda
ry m
iner
als
Time, days
0.05 mm/h
5 mm/h
0.26 mm/h
0.41 mm/h
49
51
53
55
57
59
0
2
4
6
8
10
0 200 400 600 800 1000
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me
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f pri
mar
y m
iner
als
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me
% o
f sec
onda
ry m
iner
als
Time, days
0.1 m2/g
1.7 m2/g
3.2 m2/g
Flow velocity Surface area
Subsurface weathering and precipitation
Primary Mineral Fraction Secondary Mineral Fraction
A: 168 days (3 years equivalent)B: 560 days (10 years equivalent)C: 1000 days (18 years equivalent)
V=0.0026 m/h V=0.0026 m/h
Dontsova et al., in prep
tRIBS-VEGGIE Model
Gθ
H λE
Qout
Qin
R
Satm
Valeriy Ivanov
Fully vegetated (1996-2007)
Mean root moisture
STD of root moisture
Mean ANPP
Ivanov et al., in prep.
CV vs mean SM: Bare soil – Vegetated
Ivanov et al., in prep.
SM spatial variability vs mean SMInitial state #2
Transition of the dominant factors that contribute to soil water heterogeneity
Su
bsu
rface
flo
w
do
min
ate
s
Evap
otr
an
spir
ati
on
d
om
inate
s
Cap
illa
rity
an
d
evap
otr
an
spir
ati
on
Ivanov et al., in prep.
Temporal design: replicates vs treatmentR
eplicationC
limate change
Phase 1: bare soil
Phase 2: model organisms
Phase 3: biological perturbation
Phase 4: different climate regimes
Huxman et al., EOS, 2009
Development of coupled systems model
Goal: To develop a predictive, modular system for hypothesisgeneration and prediction, coupling subsurface & surfacehydrology, sediment transport, ecosystem dynamics, and bio-geochemical processes.Motivation: Numerical modeling must be part of B2 “learningcycle” and is necessary for developing quantitative tools forbetter prediction of real-world landscape processes.
Jon Pelletier
Similar initiatives in other biomes
Scott Saleska: NSF PIRE PI and coordinator
Acknowledgements
• Thanks to many, many people!!
– B2Science and SAHRA team– Hydrologic Synthesis team (UIUC)– Workshop participants– CUAHSI
• Read more about Biosphere 2 EarthScience:
– www.b2science.org– EOS brief report to appear in April
• Input and feedback welcome: [email protected]
Thanks for your attention!
QUESTIONS?