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INQUIRY

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Peter Troch – University of Arizona

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Design of the Institutional ExperimentA Biosphere2-CUAHSI co-production

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Biosphere 2

Hillslope hydrology

Microbial and plantcolonization

Biogeo-weathering &ecosystem dynamics

Surface/subsurface water flow paths & connectivity

Huxman et al., EOS, 2009

Design Considerations

• C1: Relevance of the results to the semi-arid setting of the Biosphere2 facility

• C2: Spatially variable moisture regimes, including convergence• C3: Lateral connectivity of processes through transient subsurface

flow• C4: Ensuring sufficient water available in the root zone• C5: Temporal dynamics and response to climatic variation• C6: Avoiding significant overland flow• C7: Minimize the imposed structure and maximize the emergent

structure• C8: Simplicity and elegance• C9: Technical feasibility

Hopp et al., HESS, in prep

Zero-order catchment

Hopp et al., HESS, in prep

Parsimonious hydrologic modeling

Hopp et al., HESS, in prep

Detailed hydrologic modeling

Hopp et al., HESS, in prep

Engineering Design

Linking hydrology and geochemistry

Dontsova et al., in prep

Hydro-geochemical modeling

Tran

spor

t (H

YD

RU

S)

(adv

ectio

n, d

ispe

rsio

n, d

iffus

ion)

(sat

urat

ed /

unsa

tura

ted)

-aqueous speciation-kinetic mineral dissolution/precipitation-ion exchange-surface complexation

Geochemical Reactions(CrunchFlow)

reaction-induced porosity& permeability feedback

velocitywater sat.

Sharon Desilets

Subsurface weathering and precipitation

49

51

53

55

57

59

0

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8

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0 200 400 600 800 1000

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me

% o

f pri

mar

y m

iner

als

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onda

ry m

iner

als

Time, days

0.05 mm/h

5 mm/h

0.26 mm/h

0.41 mm/h

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51

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55

57

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10

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me

% o

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mar

y m

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als

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me

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f sec

onda

ry m

iner

als

Time, days

0.1 m2/g

1.7 m2/g

3.2 m2/g

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51

53

55

57

59

0

2

4

6

8

10

0 200 400 600 800 1000

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me

% o

f pri

mar

y m

iner

als

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me

% o

f sec

onda

ry m

iner

als

Time, days

0.05 mm/h

5 mm/h

0.26 mm/h

0.41 mm/h

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51

53

55

57

59

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4

6

8

10

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me

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y m

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als

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me

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f sec

onda

ry m

iner

als

Time, days

0.1 m2/g

1.7 m2/g

3.2 m2/g

Flow velocity Surface area

Subsurface weathering and precipitation

Primary Mineral Fraction Secondary Mineral Fraction

A: 168 days (3 years equivalent)B: 560 days (10 years equivalent)C: 1000 days (18 years equivalent)

V=0.0026 m/h V=0.0026 m/h

Dontsova et al., in prep

tRIBS-VEGGIE Model

Gθ

H λE

Qout

Qin

R

Satm

Valeriy Ivanov

Fully vegetated (1996-2007)

Mean root moisture

STD of root moisture

Mean ANPP

Ivanov et al., in prep.

CV vs mean SM: Bare soil – Vegetated

Ivanov et al., in prep.

SM spatial variability vs mean SMInitial state #2

Transition of the dominant factors that contribute to soil water heterogeneity

Su

bsu

rface

flo

w

do

min

ate

s

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otr

an

spir

ati

on

d

om

inate

s

Cap

illa

rity

an

d

evap

otr

an

spir

ati

on

Ivanov et al., in prep.

Temporal design: replicates vs treatmentR

eplicationC

limate change

Phase 1: bare soil

Phase 2: model organisms

Phase 3: biological perturbation

Phase 4: different climate regimes

Huxman et al., EOS, 2009

Development of coupled systems model

Goal: To develop a predictive, modular system for hypothesisgeneration and prediction, coupling subsurface & surfacehydrology, sediment transport, ecosystem dynamics, and bio-geochemical processes.Motivation: Numerical modeling must be part of B2 “learningcycle” and is necessary for developing quantitative tools forbetter prediction of real-world landscape processes.

Jon Pelletier

Similar initiatives in other biomes

Scott Saleska: NSF PIRE PI and coordinator

Acknowledgements

• Thanks to many, many people!!

– B2Science and SAHRA team– Hydrologic Synthesis team (UIUC)– Workshop participants– CUAHSI

• Read more about Biosphere 2 EarthScience:

– www.b2science.org– EOS brief report to appear in April

• Input and feedback welcome: patroch@hwr.arizona.edu

Thanks for your attention!

QUESTIONS?