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Mitigation strategies for livestock in a global perspective
Meeting on Climate Smart Agriculture
Theun Vellinga, December 1, 2016
The complete whole livestock sector GHG emissions
Source: Gerber et al. (2013) Tacklingclimate change trhough livestock
GHG of the livestock sector
Source: Gerber et al. (2013) Tackling climate change trhough livestock
DANGER CO2W
Rapid industrializationLow development Slow industrialization
Post-industrial
Human health
Livelihoods
EnvironmentFood security
A shared interest with different priorities
Source: State Of Food and Agriculture 2009
Ethiopia
India
Brazil SwedenNewZealand
A dichotomy of the livestock sector
Industrial, specialized§Commodity based§Optimising animal§Primary crops,
good land§Trade-off to environment§Global sources, markets§High energy input§High CO2 profile
Smallholder/backyard§Multifunctional§Optimising system§Crop residues,
marginal land§Trade-off to animal§ Local sources, markets§ Low energy input§ Low CO2 profile
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0 1 000 2 000 3 000 4 000 5 000 6 000 7 000 8 000 9 000Output per cow, kg FPCM per year
kg C
O2-
eq. p
er k
g FP
CM
Smallholder systemsOptimizing the farming systemMultifunctional systems
Subsistence farmingNo market access
Specialized systemsOptimizing animal performanceCommodity based
Source: Gerber et al., 2011
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0 1 000 2 000 3 000 4 000 5 000 6 000 7 000 8 000 9 000Output per cow, kg FPCM per year
kg C
O2-
eq. p
er k
g FP
CM
Coupling with food securityExisting technologyCapacity building, technology transferInfrastructure and institutionsMarket access
New technologySystem innovations
Mitigation strategies
Source: Gerber et al., 2011
Pigs: little variation in GHG, wide variation in efficiency
System Backyard Intermediate Industrial
GHG emissions(kg CO2eq/kg Carcass W. 5.5 6.5 6.0
Feed Conversion (kg feed/kg LW) 4.9 3.4 2.7
N excretion(kg N/kg protein output) 2.0 1.0 0.7
N retention(kg N retained/kg N intake) 0.15 0.23 0.30
Feed sourceFood
scraps, waste
Primary crops
Primary crops
Mitigation strategies
Mitigation in developing countries: 7 * F
§ Food security: a basic right! ● And prerequisite for development
§ Financial, market access, banking infrastructure§ (Female) Farmers: knowledge transfer§ Feed improvement: quality and availability§ Fertilizer use: manure, synthetic fertilizers§ The Fridge, the cold chain
Mitigation in industrialised countries
§ As CO2 is >30 % of the emissions: energy saving along the complete chain should be considered
§ Nitrogen Use Efficiency§Waste and waste utilization!
Conclusions§ Ruminants!
§ Developing countries:● Combine food security, adaptation and mitigation
● Existing knowledge, market access, institutional change, infrastructure
§ Industrialised systems:● CO2 is a large fraction and should get more
attention
§ Develop an approach to affect a diffuse sector● Simple indicators● It’s more than technology
Thank you
for listening