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The Onset of WarHistory 104 / March 25, 2013
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France: the Dreyfus affair
1894: Captain Alfred Dreyfus convicted of espionage by military tribunal
1898: evidence of Dreyfus’s innocence discovered
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1898: France divided into two camps
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Theodor Herzl(1860-1904)
The Jewish State: Attemptat a modern solutionto the Jewish Question (1896)
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Germany: the phenomenal growth of the SPD
Attention! Voters, observe!What is Social Democracy fighting for?- freedom of the press- cheap meat, cheap bread- eliminating indirect taxes- eliminating exploitation and class
domination
What are its opponents for?- expensive bread and meat- new naval and colonial burdens- maintaining exploitation
(1912 election poster)
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Nicholas IITsar of Russia, 1894-1917
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Russia’s near-revolution in 1905: “bloody Sunday”
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Austria-Hungary:
inter-ethnic strife
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As the Ottoman Empire fades…Austria & Russia compete for influence
among the successor states
The Balkans in 1878 The Balkans in 1913
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Wilhelm IIEmperor (Kaiser) of Germany,
1888-1918
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HMS Dreadnought (completed 1906)
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The “Triple Entente”
France and Russia draw closer together
Britain makes it a triple entente, 1907
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Germany’s Schlieffen Plan
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Archduke Franz Ferdinand(1863-1914)
Heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire
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Archduke Franz Ferdinand
(1863-1914)Heir to the Austro-Hungarian
Empire
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Franz Ferdinand’s fateful visit to Sarajevo,
June 28, 1914