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The future of research in Personalised
Nutrition
John Mathers Human Nutrition Research Centre
Institute of Cellular Medicine
UK
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Personalised nutrition is becoming
big business
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Metabolic
challenge
test at
home
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Focus on metabolic
health
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“Simple” sample collection at home
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Increasing sophistication
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Working with food industry and
corporate clients
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Structure of presentation
What is personalised nutrition?
What’s the research evidence that it works?
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What is personalised nutrition?
An approach that uses information on
individual characteristics to develop
targeted nutritional advice, products, or
services.
Ordovas JM et al. (2018) BMJ
361: k2173
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The era of
personalised
(precision)
medicine
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Personalised nutrition approaches
Introduction
Personalised approach
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Gardner CD et al. (2018) JAMA 319, 667-679
Individual variation in weight loss
609 adults
12 months
trial
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Rationale for personalised approaches
to improving nutrition
Personalised approaches may be more effective
because:
• Such approaches are more relevant (biological
basis)
• Such approaches feel more relevant (improve
motivation…)
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This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration. (Contract n°265494)
Does personalised nutrition work?
John Mathers Human Nutrition Research Centre
Newcastle University
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1. University College Dublin (Ireland)
2. Maastricht University (The Netherlands)
3. University of Navarra (Spain)
4. University of Reading (UK)
5. National Food and Nutrition Institute
Warsaw (Poland)
6. Harokopio University Athens (Athens)
7. Technische Universitaet Muenchen
(Germany)
Led by John Mathers, Newcastle University
Recruited 1609 adults
across 7 EU countries
7 recruitment sites
220 220
220
220 220
220
220
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Web-based randomised controlled trial
Participant recruitment
Methods
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Randomised to 4 treatments
Level 0: Generic dietary advice (Control)
Level 1: Personalisation based on DIETARY analysis
Level 2: Personalisation based on DIETARY + PHENOTYPIC analysis
Level 3: Personalisation based on DIETARY + PHENOTYPIC + GENOMIC analysis
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Generating personalised
nutrition advice
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Personalised nutrition improved
dietary behaviour
Celis-Morales C et al. (2017) Int. J. Epidemiol. 46, 578-588
Included
genotype
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Take home messages
Personalised
nutrition
works
Internet-based
delivery is
effective
No added
advantage of
phenotypic or
genetic information
Celis-Morales C et al. (2017) Int. J. Epidemiol. 46, 578-588
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Gardner CD et al. (2018) JAMA 319, 667-679
Does genetics explain individual
variation in weight loss?
609 adults
12 months
trial
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Do genetic
variants that lead
to weight gain
make it difficult to
lose weight?
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Does FTO genotype influence weight
loss in intervention studies?
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No effect of FTO genotype on BMI
response to weight loss intervention
Livingstone KM et al. (2016) BMJ 354: i4707
Data were adjusted for age, sex, outcome variable at
baseline, ethnicity, country/ centre, socioeconomic status,
physical activity and smoking
Similar findings for
body mass and for
waist circumference
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Lack of effect of FTO genotype on
weight loss is robust
Livingstone KM et al. (2016) BMJ 354: i4707
Findings unaffected by:
Intervention characteristics
Modality (diet or diet + exercise)
Duration
Participant characteristics
Age
Sex
Initial BMI
Race/ ethnicity
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Behaviour change is key
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Genetic basis of behaviour change?
Genetic basis for:
• Attention
• Memory
• Reward
• Motivation…
Behavioural genetics
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Systems approaches for more
effective Personalised Nutrition
Participant
characteristics
Barriers &
facilitators
Aspirations
etc.
Personalised
nutrition
Self-
monitoring
↑ Health &
Wellbeing
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Price ND et al. (2017) Nature Biotechnol. 35, 747-756
Pioneer 100 Wellness Project
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More than 250,000 measurements
per day on 43 people for up to 2
years
Li X et al. (2017) PLoS Biol. 15: 2001402
“Continuous” real-time data collection
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Technology for continuous biomarker
measurement
Spray-on
nanomesh
wearables for
health
monitoring
Professor Takao
Someya
Graduate
School of
Engineering
University of
Tokyo
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Wearable technologies, big data and
artificial intelligence for more effective
personalised nutrition
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Challenges
Potential market for personalised nutrition is huge
Personalised nutrition is in the market-place before we
have good evidence of what works (and what doesn’t work)
Business has developed without regulatory oversight,
defined standards and consumer protection
Most commercial offerings use proprietary algorithms that
are not subject to independent verification
Will personalised nutrition exacerbate, or ameliorate, health
disparities?
Ordovas JM et al. (2018) BMJ 361: k2173