The Breakdown and Revival of the Medieval Church
Pope Innocent III
Accomplishments of someone so Innocent?
• Increased papal authority through the plentitude of power.
• Had the authority to declare saints.
• Turned the church into a secular authority as well as spiritual one.
Pope Urban IV• Created own Church court
known as the Rota Romana, which made the Church even more political.
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Boniface VIII• “You tax my people, I’ll
hit you with a Papal Bull!”
Enemies of Boniface VIII
• Edward I Philip T. Fair
Boniface’s “Unam Sanctum”
• Put the Church ahead in all matters religious or otherwise, angering Philip.
• What did Philip T. Fair do?
Unfortunately for Boniface VIII…
• Philip’s Henchmen beat him up, later he died from the injuries.
Clement V• Changed much of
what Boniface had done.
• Important: He moved the papacy to Avignon, France!
Hey, how’s it going?
The Avignon Papacy 1309-1377
• Became a huge moneymaker, increasing taxes of local people and selling indulgences.
The Avignon Papal Complex
Pope John XXII
• Most powerful Avignon Pope
• Battled with Louis IV over moving the papacy back to Italy.
Supporters of Louis IV
• Marsilius of Padua• Defender of the
Peace- depicted the pope as a subordinate member of a society.
• William of Ockham• Argued against
papal authority.
John Wycliffe*started the Lollards in England.
Accused of Donatism- the teaching that the Church sacraments are only as effective as the people who administer them.
John Huss
• Started the Hussites in Bohemia.
The Great Schism 1378
• Clement VII (French) Urban VI (Italian)
The Great Schism: 1378-1417
The Great Schism
Let’s elect one more… Alexander V
Conciliar Movement
• The Church should be subject to councils, eliminating the absolute rule of the Pope.
• Council of Pisa• Council of Constance• Council of Basil
Consequences
• Secular control of churches increased• Kings asserted power over the Church.• Religious life regulated.
• How was the power of the Church permanently weakened after the late 14th century?
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