![Page 1: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
TCP ex Machina:Computer-Generated Congestion Control
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan
MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
http://web.mit.edu/remy
August 14, 2013
![Page 2: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Congestion control!
I Prevents congestion collapse
I Allocates network resources among users
I Can be purely end-to-end or not
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 3: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
The march of congestion control mechanisms
DECbit
Tahoe
CARD
DUAL
In-net
End-to-end
1980s
GPS
WFQ
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 4: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
The march of congestion control mechanisms
DECbit
Tahoe
CARD
DUAL
Reno NewReno
RED
BLUE
Vegas
ECN
SACK
In-net
End-to-end
1980s 1990s
GPS
WFQ
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 5: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
The march of congestion control mechanisms
DECbit
Tahoe
CARD
DUAL
Reno NewReno
RED
BLUE
Vegas
ECN
SACK
EBCC
CHOKe
Westwood
Binomial
AVQ
XCP
BIC H-TCP
Compound
FAST
VCP
RCP
Cubic
In-net
End-to-end
VenoEifel
1980s 1990s 2000s
GPS
WFQ
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 6: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
The march of congestion control mechanisms
DECbit
Tahoe
CARD
DUAL
Reno NewReno
RED
BLUE
Vegas
ECN
SACK
EBCC
CHOKe
Westwood
Binomial
AVQ
XCP
BIC H-TCP
Compound
FAST
VCP
RCP
Cubic
DCTCP
CoDel
PDQ
SproutPRR
In-net
End-to-end
D²TCP
VenoEifel
1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s
DeTail
LEDBAT
GPS
WFQ
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 7: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
The march of congestion control mechanisms
DECbit
Tahoe
CARD
DUAL
Reno NewReno
RED
BLUE
Vegas
ECN
SACK
EBCC
CHOKe
Westwood
Binomial
AVQ
XCP
BIC H-TCP
Compound
FAST
VCP
RCP
Cubic
DCTCP
CoDel
PDQ
Sprout
FCP
pFabric
PRR
GentleAggression
In-net
End-to-end
D²TCP
VenoEifel
1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s
DeTail
LEDBAT
GPS
WFQ
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 8: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Our work
If congestion control is the answer,
what’s the question?
Are there better answers?
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 9: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Our work
If congestion control is the answer,
what’s the question?
Are there better answers?
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 10: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Rational choice of scheme is challenging
Cubic vs. Compound
I Different goals?
I Different assumptions about network?
I One scheme just plain better?
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 11: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Networks constrained by a fuzzy idea of TCP’s assumptions
I Mask stochastic loss
I Bufferbloat
I Mask out-of-order delivery
I No parallel/multipath routing
Advice for Internet Subnetwork Designers(RFC 3819) is 21,000 words!
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 12: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Apps hack around TCP
I Open lots of flows
I Goose slow start
I Add pacing
I Give up and do it yourself
Chrome (QUIC)BitTorrent (µTP)Mosh (SSP)Aspera (fasp)
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 13: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Apps hack around TCP
I Open lots of flows
I Goose slow start
I Add pacing
I Give up and do it yourself
Chrome (QUIC)BitTorrent (µTP)Mosh (SSP)Aspera (fasp)
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 14: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Apps hack around TCP
I Open lots of flows
I Goose slow start
I Add pacing
I Give up and do it yourself
Chrome (QUIC)BitTorrent (µTP)Mosh (SSP)Aspera (fasp)
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 15: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Apps hack around TCP
I Open lots of flows
I Goose slow start
I Add pacing
I Give up and do it yourself
Chrome (QUIC)BitTorrent (µTP)Mosh (SSP)Aspera (fasp)
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 16: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Apps hack around TCP
I Open lots of flows
I Goose slow start
I Add pacing
I Give up and do it yourselfChrome (QUIC)BitTorrent (µTP)Mosh (SSP)Aspera (fasp)
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 17: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Better: free the network to evolve
Transport layer should adapt to whatever:
I network does
I application wants
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 18: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
What we built
Remy: a program that generatescongestion-control schemes offline
Input:
I Prior assumptions (what network may do)
I Goal (what app wants)
Output: CC algorithm for a TCP sender (RemyCC)
Time: a few hours
Cost: $5–$10 on Amazon EC2
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 19: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
The basic question of congestion control
At this moment, do I:
I send a packet
I not send a packet?
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 20: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Objectives of congestion control
Maximize
I∑i
log [throughputi ] (proportionally fair throughput)
I∑i
log
[throughputi
(
delayi
)δ
](proportionally fair throughput/delay)
I mini throughputi (max-min throughput)
Minimize
I average flow completion time
I page load time
I tail completion time
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 21: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Objectives of congestion control
Maximize
I∑i
log [throughputi ] (proportionally fair throughput)
I∑i
log
[throughputi
(
delayi
)δ
](proportionally fair throughput/delay)
I mini throughputi (max-min throughput)
Minimize
I average flow completion time
I page load time
I tail completion time
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 22: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Objectives of congestion control
Maximize
I∑i
log [throughputi ] (proportionally fair throughput)
I∑i
log
[throughputi(
delayi)δ
](proportionally fair throughput/delay)
I mini throughputi (max-min throughput)
Minimize
I average flow completion time
I page load time
I tail completion time
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 23: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Objectives of congestion control
Maximize
I∑i
log [throughputi ] (proportionally fair throughput)
I∑i
log
[throughputi(
delayi)δ
](proportionally fair throughput/delay)
I mini throughputi (max-min throughput)
Minimize
I average flow completion time
I page load time
I tail completion time
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 24: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Prior assumptions
I Model of network uncertaintyI Link speed distributionI Delay distribution
I Traffic modelI Web browsing, MapReduce, videoconferencing
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 25: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Dumbbell network
Sender
Sender 2
Queue
Receiver
Round-trip time
Link
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 26: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Dumbbell network
Sender
Sender 2
Queue
Receiver
Receiver 2
Round-trip time
Link
? ?Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 27: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Dumbbell network
...
Sender
Sender 2
Sender n
Queue
...
Receiver
Receiver 2
Receiver n
Round-trip time
Link
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 28: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Superrational congestion control
At this moment,* do I:
I send a packet
I not send a packet?
* Assuming every node is running the same algorithm.
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 29: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Remy: search for superrationality
I Remy searches for the best congestion-control algorithm
I Optimizes expected objective over prior assumptions
I Makes tractable by limiting available state
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 30: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
A RemyCC tracks three congestion signals
r ewma: moving average of interval between acks
s ewma: . . . between sender timestamps echoed in acks
rtt ratio: ratio of last RTT to smallest RTT so far
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 31: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Why these three congestion signals?
I Benefit can be measured empiricallyI In our experiments, little help from adding moreI Other networks might find differently
I More signals increase search time
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 32: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
A RemyCC maps each state to an action
Rule(r ewma, s ewma, rtt ratio)→ 〈m, b, τ〉
m Multiple to congestion windowb Increment to congestion windowτ Minimum interval between two outgoing packets
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 33: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Runtime for a RemyCC
On ack:
I 〈m, b, τ〉 ← Rule(r ewma, s ewma, rtt ratio)
I cwnd← m · cwnd + b
Send packet if:
I cwnd > FlightSize, and
I last packet sent > τ ago
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 34: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Remy’s job
Find piecewise-continuous Rule() that optimizesexpected value of objective function.
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 35: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Remy example: 2D state space
On ack:
I 〈m, b, τ〉 ← Rule(r ewma, s ewma, rtt ratio )
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 36: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Remy example: 2D state space
On ack:
I 〈m, b, τ〉 ← Rule(r ewma, s ewma, rtt ratio )
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 37: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Remy example: Prior assumptions
Quantity Distribution Units
Link speed Uniform(10, 20) Mbps
RTT Uniform(100, 200) ms
n Uniform(1, 16)
“On” process exp[µ = 5] seconds“Off” process same
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 38: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Remy example: Objective
∑i
log
[throughputi
delayi
]
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 39: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
One action for all states. Find the best value.
s_ewma
r_ewma
<?,?,?>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 40: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
The best (single) action. Now split it on median.
s_ewma
r_ewma
<0.90,4,3.3>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 41: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Simulate
s_ewma
r_ewma
<0.90,4,3.3>
<0.90,4,3.3>
<0.90,4,3.3>
<0.90,4,3.3>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 42: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Optimize each of the new actions
s_ewma
r_ewma
<0.90,4,3.3>
<0.90,4,3.3>
<0.90,4,3.3>
<0.90,4,3.3>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 43: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Now split the most-used rule
s_ewma
r_ewma
<0.90,5,2.8>
<0.60,19,76.2>
<0.70,6,53.5>
<0.80,5,4.1>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 44: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Simulate
s_ewma
r_ewma
<0.90,5,2.8>
<0.60,19,76.2>
<0.70,6,53.5>
<0.80,5,4.1>
<0.80,5,4.1>
<0.80,5,4.1>
<0.80,5,4.1>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 45: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Optimize
s_ewma
r_ewma
<0.90,5,2.8>
<0.60,19,76.2>
<0.70,6,53.5>
<0.80,5,4.1>
<0.80,5,4.1>
<0.80,5,4.1>
<0.80,5,4.1>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 46: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Split
s_ewma
r_ewma
<0.90,5,2.8>
<0.30,29,49.7>
<0.60,17,13.3>
<0.80,8,3.3>
<0.80,8,62.7>
<0.80,17,4.6>
<0.80,7,16.9>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 47: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Simulate
s_ewma
r_ewma
<0.30,29,49.7>
<0.60,17,13.3>
<0.80,8,3.3>
<0.80,8,62.7>
<0.80,17,4.6>
<0.80,7,16.9>
<0.90,5,2.8>
<0.90,5,2.8>
<0.90,5,2.8>
<0.90,5,2.8>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 48: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Optimize
s_ewma
r_ewma
<0.90,5,2.8>
<0.90,5,2.8>
<0.90,5,2.8>
<0.90,5,2.8>
<0.30,29,49.7>
<0.60,17,13.3>
<0.80,8,3.3>
<0.80,8,62.7>
<0.80,17,4.6>
<0.80,7,16.9>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 49: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Split
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.30,213,8.9>
<0.90,-84,9.2>
<1.00,-139,9.1>
<1.40,32,3.3>
<0.60,40,42.4>
<0.80,30,6.8>
<0.50,84,3.4>
<0.60,8,57.2>
<0.90,-31,2.8>
<1.30,184,15.3>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 50: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Simulate
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.30,213,8.9>
<0.90,-84,9.2>
<1.00,-139,9.1>
<0.60,40,42.4>
<0.80,30,6.8>
<0.50,84,3.4>
<0.60,8,57.2>
<0.90,-31,2.8>
<1.30,184,15.3>
<1.40,32,3.3>
<1.40,32,3.3>
<1.40,32,3.3>
<1.40,32,3.3>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 51: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Optimize
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.30,213,8.9>
<0.90,-84,9.2>
<1.00,-139,9.1>
<1.40,32,3.3>
<1.40,32,3.3>
<1.40,32,3.3>
<1.40,32,3.3>
<0.60,40,42.4>
<0.80,30,6.8>
<0.50,84,3.4>
<0.60,8,57.2>
<0.90,-31,2.8>
<1.30,184,15.3>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 52: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Split
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.20,221,9.0>
<0.90,-92,17.1>
<1.00,-220,2.8>
<1.20,170,3.0>
<1.40,185,4.9>
<1.60,186,3.0>
<1.40,170,3.2>
<0.50,256,27.2>
<1.00,206,6.6>
<0.50,216,3.5>
<0.80,250,56.3>
<1.00,-96,4.2>
<0.90,201,16.2>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 53: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Simulate
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.20,221,9.0>
<0.90,-92,17.1>
<1.00,-220,2.8>
<1.40,185,4.9>
<1.60,186,3.0>
<1.40,170,3.2>
<0.50,256,27.2>
<1.00,206,6.6>
<0.50,216,3.5>
<0.80,250,56.3>
<1.00,-96,4.2>
<0.90,201,16.2>
<1.20,170,3.0>
<1.20,170,3.0>
<1.20,170,3.0>
<1.20,170,3.0>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 54: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Optimize
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.20,221,9.0>
<0.90,-92,17.1>
<1.00,-220,2.8>
<1.20,170,3.0>
<1.20,170,3.0>
<1.20,170,3.0>
<1.20,170,3.0>
<1.40,185,4.9>
<1.60,186,3.0>
<1.40,170,3.2>
<0.50,256,27.2>
<1.00,206,6.6>
<0.50,216,3.5>
<0.80,250,56.3>
<1.00,-96,4.2>
<0.90,201,16.2>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 55: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Split
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.90,253,8.1>
<0.70,-157,70.0>
<1.00,-254,3.8>
<1.30,251,2.8>
<1.00,254,4.6>
<1.10,250,2.9>
<1.40,187,2.9>
<1.50,194,4.1>
<1.80,255,2.8>
<1.50,251,3.1>
<0.60,256,28.0>
<1.20,232,6.6>
<0.60,234,3.3>
<0.80,253,71.4>
<0.80,-105,4.3>
<0.80,203,16.3>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 56: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Simulate
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.90,253,8.1>
<0.70,-157,70.0>
<1.00,-254,3.8>
<1.00,254,4.6>
<1.10,250,2.9>
<1.40,187,2.9>
<1.50,194,4.1>
<1.80,255,2.8>
<1.50,251,3.1>
<0.60,256,28.0>
<1.20,232,6.6>
<0.60,234,3.3>
<0.80,253,71.4>
<0.80,-105,4.3>
<0.80,203,16.3>
<1.30,251,2.8>
<1.30,251,2.8>
<1.30,251,2.8>
<1.30,251,2.8>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 57: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Optimize
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.90,253,8.1>
<0.70,-157,70.0>
<1.00,-254,3.8>
<1.30,251,2.8>
<1.30,251,2.8>
<1.30,251,2.8>
<1.30,251,2.8>
<1.00,254,4.6>
<1.10,250,2.9>
<1.40,187,2.9>
<1.50,194,4.1>
<1.80,255,2.8>
<1.50,251,3.1>
<0.60,256,28.0>
<1.20,232,6.6>
<0.60,234,3.3>
<0.80,253,71.4>
<0.80,-105,4.3>
<0.80,203,16.3>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 58: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Split
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.70,256,8.1>
<0.80,-222,69.3>
<1.10,-255,4.7>
<1.00,251,3.3>
<1.10,251,2.6>
<1.30,253,3.6>
<1.10,255,2.8>
<0.80,255,4.7>
<1.40,252,2.9>
<1.10,253,2.9>
<1.20,237,4.0>
<2.00,256,2.7>
<1.50,254,2.9>
<0.50,256,27.3>
<1.20,248,6.5>
<0.70,252,3.2>
<1.20,255,71.1>
<0.80,-243,3.6>
<0.90,227,15.5>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 59: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Simulate
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.70,256,8.1>
<0.80,-222,69.3>
<1.10,-255,4.7>
<1.00,251,3.3>
<1.10,251,2.6>
<1.30,253,3.6>
<1.10,255,2.8>
<0.80,255,4.7>
<1.40,252,2.9>
<1.10,253,2.9>
<1.20,237,4.0>
<2.00,256,2.7>
<1.50,254,2.9>
<0.50,256,27.3>
<1.20,248,6.5>
<0.70,252,3.2>
<1.20,255,71.1>
<0.80,-243,3.6>
<0.90,227,15.5>
<0.90,227,15.5>
<0.90,227,15.5>
<0.90,227,15.5>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 60: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Optimize
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.70,256,8.1>
<0.80,-222,69.3>
<1.10,-255,4.7>
<1.00,251,3.3>
<1.10,251,2.6>
<1.30,253,3.6>
<1.10,255,2.8>
<0.80,255,4.7>
<1.40,252,2.9>
<1.10,253,2.9>
<1.20,237,4.0>
<2.00,256,2.7>
<1.50,254,2.9>
<0.50,256,27.3>
<1.20,248,6.5>
<0.70,252,3.2>
<1.20,255,71.1>
<0.80,-243,3.6>
<0.90,227,15.5>
<0.90,227,15.5>
<0.90,227,15.5>
<0.90,227,15.5>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 61: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Split
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.40,256,8.1>
<0.70,-222,75.8>
<1.00,-256,5.6>
<0.80,251,3.0>
<1.10,251,3.0>
<1.00,253,2.7>
<1.10,256,2.9>
<0.80,255,4.0>
<1.10,256,2.9>
<1.00,254,3.0>
<1.00,253,3.8>
<2.00,256,3.2>
<1.60,256,3.1>
<0.60,256,23.5>
<0.80,256,6.6>
<0.50,253,3.7>
<1.40,256,65.5>
<1.00,-253,2.8>
<1.20,244,13.8>
<0.80,227,37.3>
<1.00,227,66.8>
<1.00,227,13.8>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 62: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Simulate
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.40,256,8.1>
<0.70,-222,75.8>
<1.00,-256,5.6>
<0.80,251,3.0>
<1.10,251,3.0>
<1.00,253,2.7>
<1.10,256,2.9>
<0.80,255,4.0>
<1.10,256,2.9>
<1.00,253,3.8>
<2.00,256,3.2>
<1.60,256,3.1>
<0.60,256,23.5>
<0.80,256,6.6>
<0.50,253,3.7>
<1.40,256,65.5>
<1.00,-253,2.8>
<1.20,244,13.8>
<0.80,227,37.3>
<1.00,227,66.8>
<1.00,227,13.8>
<1.00,254,3.0>
<1.00,254,3.0>
<1.00,254,3.0>
<1.00,254,3.0>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 63: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Optimize
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.40,256,8.1>
<0.70,-222,75.8>
<1.00,-256,5.6>
<0.80,251,3.0>
<1.10,251,3.0>
<1.00,253,2.7>
<1.10,256,2.9>
<0.80,255,4.0>
<1.10,256,2.9>
<1.00,254,3.0>
<1.00,254,3.0>
<1.00,254,3.0>
<1.00,254,3.0>
<1.00,253,3.8>
<2.00,256,3.2>
<1.60,256,3.1>
<0.60,256,23.5>
<0.80,256,6.6>
<0.50,253,3.7>
<1.40,256,65.5>
<1.00,-253,2.8>
<1.20,244,13.8>
<0.80,227,37.3>
<1.00,227,66.8>
<1.00,227,13.8>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 64: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Split
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.80,256,8.7>
<0.80,-230,19.1>
<1.00,-256,5.6>
<0.80,251,4.0>
<1.40,251,2.2>
<1.30,253,3.7>
<1.30,256,2.9>
<1.10,256,4.5>
<0.90,256,2.9>
<1.40,254,3.0>
<1.10,254,2.1>
<1.10,254,4.7>
<1.00,254,2.8>
<1.10,253,3.8>
<1.80,256,3.9>
<1.40,256,2.9>
<0.80,256,23.4>
<0.50,256,5.8>
<0.70,254,3.7>
<1.90,256,64.0>
<1.10,-256,3.6>
<1.10,254,13.8>
<0.90,227,45.2>
<0.80,227,7.7>
<1.10,227,25.0>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 65: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Simulate
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.80,256,8.7>
<0.80,-230,19.1>
<1.00,-256,5.6>
<0.80,251,4.0>
<1.40,251,2.2>
<1.30,253,3.7>
<1.30,256,2.9>
<1.10,256,4.5>
<0.90,256,2.9>
<1.40,254,3.0>
<1.10,254,2.1>
<1.10,254,4.7>
<1.00,254,2.8>
<1.10,253,3.8>
<1.80,256,3.9>
<1.40,256,2.9>
<0.80,256,23.4>
<0.50,256,5.8>
<1.90,256,64.0>
<1.10,-256,3.6>
<1.10,254,13.8>
<0.90,227,45.2>
<0.80,227,7.7>
<1.10,227,25.0>
<0.70,254,3.7>
<0.70,254,3.7>
<0.70,254,3.7>
<0.70,254,3.7>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 66: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Optimize
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.80,256,8.7>
<0.80,-230,19.1>
<1.00,-256,5.6>
<0.80,251,4.0>
<1.40,251,2.2>
<1.30,253,3.7>
<1.30,256,2.9>
<1.10,256,4.5>
<0.90,256,2.9>
<1.40,254,3.0>
<1.10,254,2.1>
<1.10,254,4.7>
<1.00,254,2.8>
<1.10,253,3.8>
<1.80,256,3.9>
<1.40,256,2.9>
<0.80,256,23.4>
<0.50,256,5.8>
<0.70,254,3.7>
<0.70,254,3.7>
<0.70,254,3.7>
<0.70,254,3.7>
<1.90,256,64.0>
<1.10,-256,3.6>
<1.10,254,13.8>
<0.90,227,45.2>
<0.80,227,7.7>
<1.10,227,25.0>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 67: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Split
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.90,256,8.6>
<0.80,-230,24.8>
<1.10,-256,6.7>
<0.90,253,3.1>
<1.50,251,3.1>
<1.30,253,2.9>
<0.90,256,2.9>
<0.90,256,4.1>
<1.10,256,2.1>
<1.20,256,2.8>
<1.30,255,3.6>
<1.30,254,6.3>
<1.00,256,2.9>
<1.30,254,3.9>
<1.80,256,3.0>
<1.20,256,3.1>
<0.80,256,17.0>
<0.40,256,5.3>
<0.80,254,3.8>
<0.50,256,16.4>
<1.00,255,3.8>
<0.70,255,3.7>
<1.80,256,50.6>
<1.40,-256,4.2>
<0.90,254,13.1>
<0.90,227,52.4>
<0.80,227,7.1>
<1.00,227,32.0>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 68: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Simulate
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.90,256,8.6>
<0.80,-230,24.8>
<1.10,-256,6.7>
<0.90,253,3.1>
<1.50,251,3.1>
<1.30,253,2.9>
<0.90,256,2.9>
<0.90,256,4.1>
<1.10,256,2.1>
<1.20,256,2.8>
<1.30,255,3.6>
<1.30,254,6.3>
<1.00,256,2.9>
<1.30,254,3.9>
<1.80,256,3.0>
<0.80,256,17.0>
<0.40,256,5.3>
<0.80,254,3.8>
<0.50,256,16.4>
<1.00,255,3.8>
<0.70,255,3.7>
<1.80,256,50.6>
<1.40,-256,4.2>
<0.90,254,13.1>
<0.90,227,52.4>
<0.80,227,7.1>
<1.00,227,32.0>
<1.20,256,3.1>
<1.20,256,3.1>
<1.20,256,3.1>
<1.20,256,3.1>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 69: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Optimize
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.90,256,8.6>
<0.80,-230,24.8>
<1.10,-256,6.7>
<0.90,253,3.1>
<1.50,251,3.1>
<1.30,253,2.9>
<0.90,256,2.9>
<0.90,256,4.1>
<1.10,256,2.1>
<1.20,256,2.8>
<1.30,255,3.6>
<1.30,254,6.3>
<1.00,256,2.9>
<1.30,254,3.9>
<1.80,256,3.0>
<1.20,256,3.1>
<1.20,256,3.1>
<1.20,256,3.1>
<1.20,256,3.1>
<0.80,256,17.0>
<0.40,256,5.3>
<0.80,254,3.8>
<0.50,256,16.4>
<1.00,255,3.8>
<0.70,255,3.7>
<1.80,256,50.6>
<1.40,-256,4.2>
<0.90,254,13.1>
<0.90,227,52.4>
<0.80,227,7.1>
<1.00,227,32.0>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 70: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Split
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.30,256,8.5>
<0.40,-247,11.2>
<1.00,-256,5.2>
<0.90,253,3.0>
<1.60,251,3.1>
<1.30,253,3.1>
<0.90,256,2.8>
<0.70,256,4.0>
<1.50,256,2.9>
<1.30,256,2.9>
<1.50,255,4.2>
<1.20,254,3.9>
<1.00,256,2.8>
<1.50,254,4.1>
<1.70,256,2.2>
<1.30,256,3.1>
<1.10,256,3.8>
<1.10,256,4.9>
<0.90,256,3.1>
<0.70,256,10.6>
<0.30,256,7.0>
<0.90,256,3.1>
<0.60,256,28.5>
<0.80,256,9.1>
<0.50,256,3.8>
<1.60,256,44.1>
<1.20,-256,3.2>
<0.70,256,13.4>
<0.90,227,57.9>
<1.00,227,14.3>
<1.00,227,24.0>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 71: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Simulate
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.30,256,8.5>
<0.40,-247,11.2>
<1.00,-256,5.2>
<0.90,253,3.0>
<1.60,251,3.1>
<1.30,253,3.1>
<0.90,256,2.8>
<0.70,256,4.0>
<1.50,256,2.9>
<1.30,256,2.9>
<1.50,255,4.2>
<1.20,254,3.9>
<1.00,256,2.8>
<1.50,254,4.1>
<1.70,256,2.2>
<1.30,256,3.1>
<1.10,256,3.8>
<1.10,256,4.9>
<0.90,256,3.1>
<0.70,256,10.6>
<0.30,256,7.0>
<0.60,256,28.5>
<0.80,256,9.1>
<0.50,256,3.8>
<1.60,256,44.1>
<1.20,-256,3.2>
<0.70,256,13.4>
<0.90,227,57.9>
<1.00,227,14.3>
<1.00,227,24.0>
<0.90,256,3.1>
<0.90,256,3.1>
<0.90,256,3.1>
<0.90,256,3.1>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 72: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Optimize
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.30,256,8.5>
<0.40,-247,11.2>
<1.00,-256,5.2>
<0.90,253,3.0>
<1.60,251,3.1>
<1.30,253,3.1>
<0.90,256,2.8>
<0.70,256,4.0>
<1.50,256,2.9>
<1.30,256,2.9>
<1.50,255,4.2>
<1.20,254,3.9>
<1.00,256,2.8>
<1.50,254,4.1>
<1.70,256,2.2>
<1.30,256,3.1>
<1.10,256,3.8>
<1.10,256,4.9>
<0.90,256,3.1>
<0.70,256,10.6>
<0.30,256,7.0>
<0.90,256,3.1>
<0.90,256,3.1>
<0.90,256,3.1>
<0.90,256,3.1>
<0.60,256,28.5>
<0.80,256,9.1>
<0.50,256,3.8>
<1.60,256,44.1>
<1.20,-256,3.2>
<0.70,256,13.4>
<0.90,227,57.9>
<1.00,227,14.3>
<1.00,227,24.0>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 73: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Split
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.30,256,7.8>
<0.20,-256,5.7>
<1.20,-256,5.2>
<0.50,255,3.0>
<1.50,251,9.0>
<1.50,254,3.1>
<1.10,256,2.8>
<0.70,256,3.9>
<1.50,256,3.2>
<1.10,256,3.1>
<1.90,255,3.2>
<1.60,254,3.2>
<0.50,256,2.9>
<1.60,254,4.0>
<1.60,256,2.8>
<1.20,256,2.9>
<0.90,256,4.2>
<1.50,256,6.3>
<0.70,256,2.7>
<0.70,256,10.5>
<0.10,256,3.7>
<0.80,256,3.9>
<1.20,256,3.9>
<0.60,256,3.1>
<1.00,256,3.7>
<0.30,256,32.3>
<0.90,256,8.3>
<0.50,256,4.0>
<1.50,256,44.0>
<1.10,-256,3.1>
<0.70,256,12.4>
<0.80,227,50.9>
<1.10,227,14.9>
<1.00,227,22.4>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 74: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Simulate
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.30,256,7.8>
<0.20,-256,5.7>
<1.20,-256,5.2>
<0.50,255,3.0>
<1.50,251,9.0>
<1.50,254,3.1>
<1.10,256,2.8>
<0.70,256,3.9>
<1.50,256,3.2>
<1.10,256,3.1>
<1.90,255,3.2>
<1.60,254,3.2>
<0.50,256,2.9>
<1.60,254,4.0>
<1.60,256,2.8>
<1.20,256,2.9>
<0.90,256,4.2>
<1.50,256,6.3>
<0.70,256,2.7>
<0.70,256,10.5>
<0.10,256,3.7>
<0.80,256,3.9>
<1.20,256,3.9>
<0.60,256,3.1>
<1.00,256,3.7>
<0.30,256,32.3>
<0.90,256,8.3>
<0.50,256,4.0>
<1.50,256,44.0>
<1.10,-256,3.1>
<0.80,227,50.9>
<1.10,227,14.9>
<1.00,227,22.4>
<0.70,256,12.4>
<0.70,256,12.4>
<0.70,256,12.4>
<0.70,256,12.4>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 75: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Optimize
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.30,256,7.8>
<0.20,-256,5.7>
<1.20,-256,5.2>
<0.50,255,3.0>
<1.50,251,9.0>
<1.50,254,3.1>
<1.10,256,2.8>
<0.70,256,3.9>
<1.50,256,3.2>
<1.10,256,3.1>
<1.90,255,3.2>
<1.60,254,3.2>
<0.50,256,2.9>
<1.60,254,4.0>
<1.60,256,2.8>
<1.20,256,2.9>
<0.90,256,4.2>
<1.50,256,6.3>
<0.70,256,2.7>
<0.70,256,10.5>
<0.10,256,3.7>
<0.80,256,3.9>
<1.20,256,3.9>
<0.60,256,3.1>
<1.00,256,3.7>
<0.30,256,32.3>
<0.90,256,8.3>
<0.50,256,4.0>
<1.50,256,44.0>
<1.10,-256,3.1>
<0.70,256,12.4>
<0.70,256,12.4>
<0.70,256,12.4>
<0.70,256,12.4>
<0.80,227,50.9>
<1.10,227,14.9>
<1.00,227,22.4>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 76: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Split
s_ewma
r_ewma
<0.90,256,7.9>
<0.30,-256,10.3>
<0.70,-256,11.7>
<0.50,255,4.6>
<1.40,252,7.4>
<1.40,254,3.0>
<1.10,256,3.6>
<0.50,256,2.4>
<1.30,256,3.1>
<0.70,256,2.9>
<1.80,256,3.2>
<1.50,254,3.4>
<0.60,256,2.9>
<1.90,255,4.4>
<1.80,256,3.4>
<0.90,256,3.2>
<0.80,256,4.0>
<1.30,256,5.6>
<1.00,256,2.9>
<0.50,256,10.0>
<0.30,256,4.4>
<1.00,256,3.2>
<1.30,256,3.8>
<0.40,256,2.5>
<1.20,256,4.4>
<0.70,256,26.5>
<0.60,256,9.2>
<0.50,256,4.2>
<1.30,256,32.7>
<1.20,-256,3.7>
<0.40,256,10.8>
<0.50,256,26.2>
<0.50,256,3.4>
<0.90,256,19.6>
<0.80,227,57.3>
<1.50,227,60.6>
<1.20,227,27.2>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 77: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Simulate
s_ewma
r_ewma
<0.90,256,7.9>
<0.30,-256,10.3>
<0.70,-256,11.7>
<0.50,255,4.6>
<1.40,252,7.4>
<1.40,254,3.0>
<1.10,256,3.6>
<0.50,256,2.4>
<1.30,256,3.1>
<0.70,256,2.9>
<1.80,256,3.2>
<1.50,254,3.4>
<0.60,256,2.9>
<1.90,255,4.4>
<1.80,256,3.4>
<0.90,256,3.2>
<0.80,256,4.0>
<1.30,256,5.6>
<1.00,256,2.9>
<0.50,256,10.0>
<0.30,256,4.4>
<1.00,256,3.2>
<1.30,256,3.8>
<0.40,256,2.5>
<1.20,256,4.4>
<0.70,256,26.5>
<0.60,256,9.2>
<1.30,256,32.7>
<1.20,-256,3.7>
<0.40,256,10.8>
<0.50,256,26.2>
<0.50,256,3.4>
<0.90,256,19.6>
<0.80,227,57.3>
<1.50,227,60.6>
<1.20,227,27.2>
<0.50,256,4.2>
<0.50,256,4.2>
<0.50,256,4.2>
<0.50,256,4.2>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 78: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Optimize
s_ewma
r_ewma
<0.90,256,7.9>
<0.30,-256,10.3>
<0.70,-256,11.7>
<0.50,255,4.6>
<1.40,252,7.4>
<1.40,254,3.0>
<1.10,256,3.6>
<0.50,256,2.4>
<1.30,256,3.1>
<0.70,256,2.9>
<1.80,256,3.2>
<1.50,254,3.4>
<0.60,256,2.9>
<1.90,255,4.4>
<1.80,256,3.4>
<0.90,256,3.2>
<0.80,256,4.0>
<1.30,256,5.6>
<1.00,256,2.9>
<0.50,256,10.0>
<0.30,256,4.4>
<1.00,256,3.2>
<1.30,256,3.8>
<0.40,256,2.5>
<1.20,256,4.4>
<0.70,256,26.5>
<0.60,256,9.2>
<0.50,256,4.2>
<0.50,256,4.2>
<0.50,256,4.2>
<0.50,256,4.2>
<1.30,256,32.7>
<1.20,-256,3.7>
<0.40,256,10.8>
<0.50,256,26.2>
<0.50,256,3.4>
<0.90,256,19.6>
<0.80,227,57.3>
<1.50,227,60.6>
<1.20,227,27.2>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 79: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Split
s_ewma
r_ewma
<0.70,256,8.1>
<0.30,-256,15.8>
<0.70,-256,17.1>
<0.50,255,11.8>
<1.40,252,53.8>
<1.40,254,10.1>
<1.00,256,5.4>
<0.10,256,2.3>
<1.20,256,3.9>
<0.20,256,3.1>
<1.60,256,4.0>
<1.40,254,3.0>
<0.70,256,3.1>
<1.70,256,5.4>
<1.80,256,3.3>
<0.90,256,3.0>
<1.40,256,4.1>
<0.70,256,3.8>
<0.90,256,3.5>
<0.70,256,9.2>
<0.70,256,3.6>
<0.90,256,3.2>
<1.30,256,5.2>
<0.30,256,4.3>
<1.40,256,4.4>
<0.50,256,26.7>
<0.40,256,8.4>
<0.50,256,4.0>
<0.50,256,5.2>
<0.40,256,4.5>
<0.50,256,4.0>
<0.90,256,33.4>
<1.30,-256,4.3>
<0.90,256,10.7>
<0.60,256,33.4>
<0.90,256,4.2>
<0.90,256,12.3>
<0.80,227,63.7>
<1.30,228,65.6>
<1.10,227,39.1>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 80: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Simulate
s_ewma
r_ewma
<0.70,256,8.1>
<0.30,-256,15.8>
<0.70,-256,17.1>
<0.50,255,11.8>
<1.40,252,53.8>
<1.40,254,10.1>
<1.00,256,5.4>
<0.10,256,2.3>
<1.20,256,3.9>
<0.20,256,3.1>
<1.60,256,4.0>
<1.40,254,3.0>
<0.70,256,3.1>
<1.70,256,5.4>
<1.80,256,3.3>
<0.90,256,3.0>
<1.40,256,4.1>
<0.70,256,3.8>
<0.90,256,3.5>
<0.70,256,9.2>
<0.70,256,3.6>
<0.90,256,3.2>
<1.30,256,5.2>
<0.30,256,4.3>
<1.40,256,4.4>
<0.50,256,26.7>
<0.40,256,8.4>
<0.50,256,4.0>
<0.50,256,5.2>
<0.40,256,4.5>
<0.50,256,4.0>
<0.90,256,33.4>
<1.30,-256,4.3>
<0.60,256,33.4>
<0.90,256,4.2>
<0.90,256,12.3>
<0.80,227,63.7>
<1.30,228,65.6>
<1.10,227,39.1>
<0.90,256,10.7>
<0.90,256,10.7>
<0.90,256,10.7>
<0.90,256,10.7>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 81: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Optimize
s_ewma
r_ewma
<0.70,256,8.1>
<0.30,-256,15.8>
<0.70,-256,17.1>
<0.50,255,11.8>
<1.40,252,53.8>
<1.40,254,10.1>
<1.00,256,5.4>
<0.10,256,2.3>
<1.20,256,3.9>
<0.20,256,3.1>
<1.60,256,4.0>
<1.40,254,3.0>
<0.70,256,3.1>
<1.70,256,5.4>
<1.80,256,3.3>
<0.90,256,3.0>
<1.40,256,4.1>
<0.70,256,3.8>
<0.90,256,3.5>
<0.70,256,9.2>
<0.70,256,3.6>
<0.90,256,3.2>
<1.30,256,5.2>
<0.30,256,4.3>
<1.40,256,4.4>
<0.50,256,26.7>
<0.40,256,8.4>
<0.50,256,4.0>
<0.50,256,5.2>
<0.40,256,4.5>
<0.50,256,4.0>
<0.90,256,33.4>
<1.30,-256,4.3>
<0.90,256,10.7>
<0.90,256,10.7>
<0.90,256,10.7>
<0.90,256,10.7>
<0.60,256,33.4>
<0.90,256,4.2>
<0.90,256,12.3>
<0.80,227,63.7>
<1.30,228,65.6>
<1.10,227,39.1>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 82: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Split
s_ewma
r_ewma
<0.80,256,9.7>
<0.40,-256,60.0>
<0.90,-256,24.3>
<0.50,255,18.2>
<1.50,252,4.2>
<1.40,254,22.9>
<1.00,256,57.3>
<0.20,256,1.4>
<1.20,256,7.8>
<0.30,256,3.1>
<1.50,256,7.9>
<1.60,254,3.0>
<1.00,256,3.2>
<1.90,256,3.9>
<1.90,256,3.1>
<0.80,256,3.1>
<1.50,256,4.9>
<0.50,256,3.2>
<0.70,256,3.5>
<0.70,256,8.5>
<0.70,256,4.6>
<0.80,256,3.3>
<1.20,256,5.0>
<0.70,256,3.5>
<1.40,256,4.4>
<0.40,256,21.3>
<0.10,256,7.5>
<0.50,256,3.8>
<0.50,256,11.6>
<0.30,256,10.8>
<0.50,256,4.0>
<1.10,256,39.5>
<1.40,-256,3.7>
<1.20,256,9.1>
<0.90,256,11.8>
<1.20,256,16.2>
<0.70,256,7.3>
<0.80,256,39.9>
<1.00,256,5.0>
<1.00,256,17.9>
<0.70,227,8.5>
<1.40,228,28.2>
<1.10,227,56.0>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 83: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Simulate
s_ewma
r_ewma
<0.80,256,9.7>
<0.40,-256,60.0>
<0.90,-256,24.3>
<0.50,255,18.2>
<1.50,252,4.2>
<1.40,254,22.9>
<1.00,256,57.3>
<0.20,256,1.4>
<1.20,256,7.8>
<0.30,256,3.1>
<1.50,256,7.9>
<1.60,254,3.0>
<1.90,256,3.9>
<1.90,256,3.1>
<0.80,256,3.1>
<1.50,256,4.9>
<0.50,256,3.2>
<0.70,256,3.5>
<0.70,256,8.5>
<0.70,256,4.6>
<0.80,256,3.3>
<1.20,256,5.0>
<0.70,256,3.5>
<1.40,256,4.4>
<0.40,256,21.3>
<0.10,256,7.5>
<0.50,256,3.8>
<0.50,256,11.6>
<0.30,256,10.8>
<0.50,256,4.0>
<1.10,256,39.5>
<1.40,-256,3.7>
<1.20,256,9.1>
<0.90,256,11.8>
<1.20,256,16.2>
<0.70,256,7.3>
<0.80,256,39.9>
<1.00,256,5.0>
<1.00,256,17.9>
<0.70,227,8.5>
<1.40,228,28.2>
<1.10,227,56.0>
<1.00,256,3.2>
<1.00,256,3.2>
<1.00,256,3.2>
<1.00,256,3.2>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 84: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Optimize
s_ewma
r_ewma
<0.80,256,9.7>
<0.40,-256,60.0>
<0.90,-256,24.3>
<0.50,255,18.2>
<1.50,252,4.2>
<1.40,254,22.9>
<1.00,256,57.3>
<0.20,256,1.4>
<1.20,256,7.8>
<0.30,256,3.1>
<1.50,256,7.9>
<1.60,254,3.0>
<1.00,256,3.2>
<1.00,256,3.2>
<1.00,256,3.2>
<1.00,256,3.2>
<1.90,256,3.9>
<1.90,256,3.1>
<0.80,256,3.1>
<1.50,256,4.9>
<0.50,256,3.2>
<0.70,256,3.5>
<0.70,256,8.5>
<0.70,256,4.6>
<0.80,256,3.3>
<1.20,256,5.0>
<0.70,256,3.5>
<1.40,256,4.4>
<0.40,256,21.3>
<0.10,256,7.5>
<0.50,256,3.8>
<0.50,256,11.6>
<0.30,256,10.8>
<0.50,256,4.0>
<1.10,256,39.5>
<1.40,-256,3.7>
<1.20,256,9.1>
<0.90,256,11.8>
<1.20,256,16.2>
<0.70,256,7.3>
<0.80,256,39.9>
<1.00,256,5.0>
<1.00,256,17.9>
<0.70,227,8.5>
<1.40,228,28.2>
<1.10,227,56.0>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 85: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Split
s_ewma
r_ewma
<0.90,256,10.2>
<0.40,-256,55.4>
<1.00,-256,10.7>
<0.50,255,19.7>
<1.40,252,74.6>
<1.40,254,28.5>
<1.10,256,58.2>
<0.20,256,7.7>
<1.00,256,7.1>
<0.30,256,3.3>
<1.60,256,7.4>
<1.70,254,3.3>
<1.10,256,4.2>
<0.60,256,3.8>
<1.10,256,3.5>
<0.80,256,3.0>
<2.00,256,3.4>
<1.80,256,3.1>
<0.80,256,3.1>
<1.80,256,6.6>
<0.10,256,4.8>
<0.70,256,3.5>
<0.50,256,6.1>
<0.80,256,4.6>
<0.90,256,3.2>
<0.90,256,7.0>
<1.00,256,2.8>
<1.50,256,5.3>
<0.60,256,7.6>
<0.30,256,6.0>
<0.50,256,3.9>
<0.40,256,20.5>
<0.40,256,10.0>
<0.80,256,4.0>
<1.00,256,39.3>
<1.40,-256,4.6>
<0.90,256,9.4>
<0.90,256,10.3>
<0.60,256,16.0>
<1.10,256,3.4>
<1.00,256,39.0>
<0.70,256,5.2>
<1.00,256,32.5>
<0.70,227,14.8>
<1.50,228,68.0>
<1.10,227,48.7>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 86: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Simulate
s_ewma
r_ewma
<0.90,256,10.2>
<0.40,-256,55.4>
<1.00,-256,10.7>
<0.50,255,19.7>
<1.40,252,74.6>
<1.40,254,28.5>
<1.10,256,58.2>
<0.20,256,7.7>
<1.00,256,7.1>
<0.30,256,3.3>
<1.60,256,7.4>
<1.70,254,3.3>
<1.10,256,4.2>
<0.60,256,3.8>
<1.10,256,3.5>
<0.80,256,3.0>
<2.00,256,3.4>
<1.80,256,3.1>
<1.80,256,6.6>
<0.10,256,4.8>
<0.70,256,3.5>
<0.50,256,6.1>
<0.80,256,4.6>
<0.90,256,3.2>
<0.90,256,7.0>
<1.00,256,2.8>
<1.50,256,5.3>
<0.60,256,7.6>
<0.30,256,6.0>
<0.50,256,3.9>
<0.40,256,20.5>
<0.40,256,10.0>
<0.80,256,4.0>
<1.00,256,39.3>
<1.40,-256,4.6>
<0.90,256,9.4>
<0.90,256,10.3>
<0.60,256,16.0>
<1.10,256,3.4>
<1.00,256,39.0>
<0.70,256,5.2>
<1.00,256,32.5>
<0.70,227,14.8>
<1.50,228,68.0>
<1.10,227,48.7>
<0.80,256,3.1>
<0.80,256,3.1>
<0.80,256,3.1>
<0.80,256,3.1>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 87: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Optimize
s_ewma
r_ewma
<0.90,256,10.2>
<0.40,-256,55.4>
<1.00,-256,10.7>
<0.50,255,19.7>
<1.40,252,74.6>
<1.40,254,28.5>
<1.10,256,58.2>
<0.20,256,7.7>
<1.00,256,7.1>
<0.30,256,3.3>
<1.60,256,7.4>
<1.70,254,3.3>
<1.10,256,4.2>
<0.60,256,3.8>
<1.10,256,3.5>
<0.80,256,3.0>
<2.00,256,3.4>
<1.80,256,3.1>
<0.80,256,3.1>
<0.80,256,3.1>
<0.80,256,3.1>
<0.80,256,3.1>
<1.80,256,6.6>
<0.10,256,4.8>
<0.70,256,3.5>
<0.50,256,6.1>
<0.80,256,4.6>
<0.90,256,3.2>
<0.90,256,7.0>
<1.00,256,2.8>
<1.50,256,5.3>
<0.60,256,7.6>
<0.30,256,6.0>
<0.50,256,3.9>
<0.40,256,20.5>
<0.40,256,10.0>
<0.80,256,4.0>
<1.00,256,39.3>
<1.40,-256,4.6>
<0.90,256,9.4>
<0.90,256,10.3>
<0.60,256,16.0>
<1.10,256,3.4>
<1.00,256,39.0>
<0.70,256,5.2>
<1.00,256,32.5>
<0.70,227,14.8>
<1.50,228,68.0>
<1.10,227,48.7>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 88: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Split
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.10,256,10.9>
<0.40,-256,61.8>
<1.30,-256,5.0>
<0.50,255,19.7>
<1.40,252,75.3>
<1.40,254,22.2>
<1.10,256,57.4>
<0.20,256,8.2>
<1.00,256,6.9>
<0.30,256,3.1>
<1.70,256,58.7>
<1.50,254,4.2>
<0.90,256,3.3>
<0.20,256,3.2>
<0.90,256,3.2>
<0.40,256,3.1>
<2.00,256,3.5>
<1.90,256,3.3>
<0.70,256,3.3>
<0.80,256,4.6>
<0.90,256,3.9>
<0.80,256,3.2>
<2.00,256,7.2>
<0.30,256,4.1>
<0.70,256,3.1>
<0.80,256,5.1>
<0.80,256,3.5>
<0.90,256,3.1>
<0.90,256,7.1>
<1.10,256,3.0>
<1.40,256,4.7>
<0.70,256,8.5>
<0.20,256,5.0>
<0.70,256,3.7>
<0.20,256,14.8>
<0.40,256,10.9>
<0.90,256,5.4>
<0.70,256,39.8>
<1.70,-256,5.5>
<0.40,256,7.7>
<0.90,256,12.6>
<0.80,256,9.5>
<1.00,256,4.0>
<1.00,256,38.1>
<0.50,256,6.9>
<1.00,256,34.1>
<0.70,227,8.5>
<1.50,228,21.6>
<1.00,227,35.8>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 89: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Simulate
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.10,256,10.9>
<0.40,-256,61.8>
<1.30,-256,5.0>
<0.50,255,19.7>
<1.40,252,75.3>
<1.40,254,22.2>
<1.10,256,57.4>
<0.20,256,8.2>
<1.00,256,6.9>
<0.30,256,3.1>
<1.70,256,58.7>
<1.50,254,4.2>
<0.90,256,3.3>
<0.20,256,3.2>
<0.90,256,3.2>
<0.40,256,3.1>
<2.00,256,3.5>
<1.90,256,3.3>
<0.70,256,3.3>
<0.80,256,4.6>
<0.90,256,3.9>
<0.80,256,3.2>
<2.00,256,7.2>
<0.30,256,4.1>
<0.70,256,3.1>
<0.80,256,5.1>
<0.80,256,3.5>
<0.90,256,3.1>
<0.90,256,7.1>
<1.10,256,3.0>
<1.40,256,4.7>
<0.70,256,8.5>
<0.20,256,5.0>
<0.70,256,3.7>
<0.20,256,14.8>
<0.40,256,10.9>
<0.70,256,39.8>
<1.70,-256,5.5>
<0.40,256,7.7>
<0.90,256,12.6>
<0.80,256,9.5>
<1.00,256,4.0>
<1.00,256,38.1>
<0.50,256,6.9>
<1.00,256,34.1>
<0.70,227,8.5>
<1.50,228,21.6>
<1.00,227,35.8>
<0.90,256,5.4>
<0.90,256,5.4>
<0.90,256,5.4>
<0.90,256,5.4>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 90: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Optimize
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.10,256,10.9>
<0.40,-256,61.8>
<1.30,-256,5.0>
<0.50,255,19.7>
<1.40,252,75.3>
<1.40,254,22.2>
<1.10,256,57.4>
<0.20,256,8.2>
<1.00,256,6.9>
<0.30,256,3.1>
<1.70,256,58.7>
<1.50,254,4.2>
<0.90,256,3.3>
<0.20,256,3.2>
<0.90,256,3.2>
<0.40,256,3.1>
<2.00,256,3.5>
<1.90,256,3.3>
<0.70,256,3.3>
<0.80,256,4.6>
<0.90,256,3.9>
<0.80,256,3.2>
<2.00,256,7.2>
<0.30,256,4.1>
<0.70,256,3.1>
<0.80,256,5.1>
<0.80,256,3.5>
<0.90,256,3.1>
<0.90,256,7.1>
<1.10,256,3.0>
<1.40,256,4.7>
<0.70,256,8.5>
<0.20,256,5.0>
<0.70,256,3.7>
<0.20,256,14.8>
<0.40,256,10.9>
<0.90,256,5.4>
<0.90,256,5.4>
<0.90,256,5.4>
<0.90,256,5.4>
<0.70,256,39.8>
<1.70,-256,5.5>
<0.40,256,7.7>
<0.90,256,12.6>
<0.80,256,9.5>
<1.00,256,4.0>
<1.00,256,38.1>
<0.50,256,6.9>
<1.00,256,34.1>
<0.70,227,8.5>
<1.50,228,21.6>
<1.00,227,35.8>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 91: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Split
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.30,256,10.1>
<0.40,-256,35.4>
<1.40,-256,50.7>
<0.50,255,19.7>
<1.40,252,24.2>
<1.40,254,22.2>
<1.10,256,57.4>
<0.20,256,14.7>
<0.80,256,4.6>
<0.30,256,4.0>
<1.70,256,2.9>
<1.70,254,3.5>
<0.90,256,3.3>
<0.30,256,4.8>
<1.10,256,3.1>
<0.80,256,3.2>
<1.70,256,3.5>
<1.90,256,3.9>
<0.80,256,3.1>
<0.30,256,3.0>
<1.30,256,3.1>
<0.70,256,3.3>
<2.00,256,8.7>
<0.20,256,3.9>
<0.90,256,3.1>
<0.80,256,4.1>
<0.80,256,3.7>
<0.40,256,3.3>
<0.90,256,6.4>
<1.20,256,3.2>
<1.10,256,4.7>
<0.20,256,7.1>
<0.20,256,5.2>
<0.80,256,3.9>
<0.40,256,14.8>
<0.70,256,10.1>
<0.80,256,6.1>
<0.70,256,18.0>
<0.90,256,6.1>
<0.60,256,5.1>
<0.80,256,20.7>
<1.30,-256,5.4>
<0.70,256,7.0>
<1.00,256,19.1>
<0.70,256,12.0>
<1.10,256,11.1>
<1.20,256,40.8>
<0.30,256,7.7>
<1.00,256,22.2>
<0.60,227,51.8>
<1.70,228,10.3>
<1.00,227,29.9>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 92: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Simulate
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.30,256,10.1>
<0.40,-256,35.4>
<1.40,-256,50.7>
<0.50,255,19.7>
<1.40,252,24.2>
<1.40,254,22.2>
<1.10,256,57.4>
<0.20,256,14.7>
<0.80,256,4.6>
<0.30,256,4.0>
<1.70,256,2.9>
<1.70,254,3.5>
<0.90,256,3.3>
<0.30,256,4.8>
<1.10,256,3.1>
<1.70,256,3.5>
<1.90,256,3.9>
<0.80,256,3.1>
<0.30,256,3.0>
<1.30,256,3.1>
<0.70,256,3.3>
<2.00,256,8.7>
<0.20,256,3.9>
<0.90,256,3.1>
<0.80,256,4.1>
<0.80,256,3.7>
<0.40,256,3.3>
<0.90,256,6.4>
<1.20,256,3.2>
<1.10,256,4.7>
<0.20,256,7.1>
<0.20,256,5.2>
<0.80,256,3.9>
<0.40,256,14.8>
<0.70,256,10.1>
<0.80,256,6.1>
<0.70,256,18.0>
<0.90,256,6.1>
<0.60,256,5.1>
<0.80,256,20.7>
<1.30,-256,5.4>
<0.70,256,7.0>
<1.00,256,19.1>
<0.70,256,12.0>
<1.10,256,11.1>
<1.20,256,40.8>
<0.30,256,7.7>
<1.00,256,22.2>
<0.60,227,51.8>
<1.70,228,10.3>
<1.00,227,29.9>
<0.80,256,3.2>
<0.80,256,3.2>
<0.80,256,3.2>
<0.80,256,3.2>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 93: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Optimize
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.30,256,10.1>
<0.40,-256,35.4>
<1.40,-256,50.7>
<0.50,255,19.7>
<1.40,252,24.2>
<1.40,254,22.2>
<1.10,256,57.4>
<0.20,256,14.7>
<0.80,256,4.6>
<0.30,256,4.0>
<1.70,256,2.9>
<1.70,254,3.5>
<0.90,256,3.3>
<0.30,256,4.8>
<1.10,256,3.1>
<0.80,256,3.2>
<0.80,256,3.2>
<0.80,256,3.2>
<0.80,256,3.2>
<1.70,256,3.5>
<1.90,256,3.9>
<0.80,256,3.1>
<0.30,256,3.0>
<1.30,256,3.1>
<0.70,256,3.3>
<2.00,256,8.7>
<0.20,256,3.9>
<0.90,256,3.1>
<0.80,256,4.1>
<0.80,256,3.7>
<0.40,256,3.3>
<0.90,256,6.4>
<1.20,256,3.2>
<1.10,256,4.7>
<0.20,256,7.1>
<0.20,256,5.2>
<0.80,256,3.9>
<0.40,256,14.8>
<0.70,256,10.1>
<0.80,256,6.1>
<0.70,256,18.0>
<0.90,256,6.1>
<0.60,256,5.1>
<0.80,256,20.7>
<1.30,-256,5.4>
<0.70,256,7.0>
<1.00,256,19.1>
<0.70,256,12.0>
<1.10,256,11.1>
<1.20,256,40.8>
<0.30,256,7.7>
<1.00,256,22.2>
<0.60,227,51.8>
<1.70,228,10.3>
<1.00,227,29.9>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 94: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Split
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.20,256,8.5>
<0.60,-256,35.6>
<1.30,-256,46.9>
<0.50,255,64.5>
<1.40,252,24.2>
<1.40,254,14.2>
<1.10,256,3.5>
<0.20,256,1.9>
<0.70,256,4.4>
<0.30,256,4.0>
<1.70,256,10.9>
<1.70,254,3.5>
<0.90,256,4.1>
<0.20,256,6.1>
<1.10,256,2.3>
<0.60,256,3.5>
<0.80,256,3.8>
<0.80,256,3.0>
<0.80,256,3.6>
<1.80,256,4.7>
<1.80,256,3.2>
<0.90,256,3.3>
<0.30,256,3.6>
<1.30,256,4.1>
<0.80,256,3.5>
<1.90,256,6.5>
<0.20,256,3.2>
<1.00,256,3.1>
<0.40,256,4.1>
<0.80,256,3.6>
<0.50,256,3.8>
<1.20,256,6.5>
<1.30,256,3.3>
<1.10,256,5.4>
<0.40,256,11.2>
<0.20,256,5.3>
<0.70,256,3.8>
<0.30,256,13.9>
<0.80,256,9.7>
<0.60,256,5.8>
<0.60,256,10.1>
<0.80,256,5.1>
<0.70,256,5.4>
<0.40,256,20.0>
<1.30,-256,6.3>
<0.70,256,6.7>
<1.00,256,24.7>
<0.70,256,11.4>
<0.90,256,17.6>
<1.30,256,35.4>
<0.60,256,8.8>
<0.90,256,9.2>
<0.60,227,46.2>
<1.70,228,15.7>
<1.00,227,37.1>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 95: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Simulate
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.20,256,8.5>
<0.60,-256,35.6>
<1.30,-256,46.9>
<0.50,255,64.5>
<1.40,252,24.2>
<1.40,254,14.2>
<1.10,256,3.5>
<0.20,256,1.9>
<0.70,256,4.4>
<0.30,256,4.0>
<1.70,256,10.9>
<1.70,254,3.5>
<0.90,256,4.1>
<0.20,256,6.1>
<1.10,256,2.3>
<0.60,256,3.5>
<0.80,256,3.8>
<0.80,256,3.0>
<0.80,256,3.6>
<1.80,256,4.7>
<1.80,256,3.2>
<0.90,256,3.3>
<0.30,256,3.6>
<1.30,256,4.1>
<0.80,256,3.5>
<1.90,256,6.5>
<0.20,256,3.2>
<1.00,256,3.1>
<0.40,256,4.1>
<0.80,256,3.6>
<0.50,256,3.8>
<1.20,256,6.5>
<1.30,256,3.3>
<1.10,256,5.4>
<0.40,256,11.2>
<0.20,256,5.3>
<0.30,256,13.9>
<0.80,256,9.7>
<0.60,256,5.8>
<0.60,256,10.1>
<0.80,256,5.1>
<0.70,256,5.4>
<0.40,256,20.0>
<1.30,-256,6.3>
<0.70,256,6.7>
<1.00,256,24.7>
<0.70,256,11.4>
<0.90,256,17.6>
<1.30,256,35.4>
<0.60,256,8.8>
<0.90,256,9.2>
<0.60,227,46.2>
<1.70,228,15.7>
<1.00,227,37.1>
<0.70,256,3.8>
<0.70,256,3.8>
<0.70,256,3.8>
<0.70,256,3.8>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 96: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Optimize
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.20,256,8.5>
<0.60,-256,35.6>
<1.30,-256,46.9>
<0.50,255,64.5>
<1.40,252,24.2>
<1.40,254,14.2>
<1.10,256,3.5>
<0.20,256,1.9>
<0.70,256,4.4>
<0.30,256,4.0>
<1.70,256,10.9>
<1.70,254,3.5>
<0.90,256,4.1>
<0.20,256,6.1>
<1.10,256,2.3>
<0.60,256,3.5>
<0.80,256,3.8>
<0.80,256,3.0>
<0.80,256,3.6>
<1.80,256,4.7>
<1.80,256,3.2>
<0.90,256,3.3>
<0.30,256,3.6>
<1.30,256,4.1>
<0.80,256,3.5>
<1.90,256,6.5>
<0.20,256,3.2>
<1.00,256,3.1>
<0.40,256,4.1>
<0.80,256,3.6>
<0.50,256,3.8>
<1.20,256,6.5>
<1.30,256,3.3>
<1.10,256,5.4>
<0.40,256,11.2>
<0.20,256,5.3>
<0.70,256,3.8>
<0.70,256,3.8>
<0.70,256,3.8>
<0.70,256,3.8>
<0.30,256,13.9>
<0.80,256,9.7>
<0.60,256,5.8>
<0.60,256,10.1>
<0.80,256,5.1>
<0.70,256,5.4>
<0.40,256,20.0>
<1.30,-256,6.3>
<0.70,256,6.7>
<1.00,256,24.7>
<0.70,256,11.4>
<0.90,256,17.6>
<1.30,256,35.4>
<0.60,256,8.8>
<0.90,256,9.2>
<0.60,227,46.2>
<1.70,228,15.7>
<1.00,227,37.1>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 97: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Split
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.30,256,8.5>
<0.80,-256,23.6>
<1.20,-256,33.1>
<0.50,255,63.8>
<1.50,252,18.5>
<1.40,254,8.6>
<1.10,256,21.9>
<0.10,256,1.1>
<0.70,256,9.9>
<0.40,256,10.4>
<1.70,256,5.2>
<1.70,254,3.5>
<1.00,256,3.7>
<0.30,256,8.0>
<1.10,256,3.5>
<0.60,256,3.4>
<0.80,256,4.0>
<0.90,256,3.1>
<0.80,256,3.6>
<1.80,256,4.0>
<1.80,256,3.1>
<0.80,256,3.4>
<0.30,256,2.7>
<1.20,256,3.1>
<0.80,256,3.3>
<1.90,256,4.8>
<0.20,256,5.1>
<1.00,256,3.1>
<0.40,256,5.5>
<1.00,256,3.2>
<0.60,256,3.9>
<1.10,256,6.2>
<1.20,256,5.7>
<1.40,256,3.6>
<0.30,256,12.0>
<0.40,256,4.1>
<1.20,256,3.5>
<0.80,256,4.6>
<0.70,256,4.0>
<0.80,256,4.6>
<0.20,256,13.6>
<1.10,256,11.5>
<0.60,256,4.9>
<0.70,256,11.7>
<0.80,256,11.4>
<0.70,256,5.4>
<0.50,256,20.7>
<1.60,-256,5.7>
<0.50,256,7.3>
<0.80,256,24.8>
<0.60,256,10.5>
<0.70,256,11.2>
<1.30,256,41.9>
<0.50,256,7.1>
<0.90,256,10.0>
<0.60,227,60.8>
<1.70,228,16.5>
<1.00,227,57.1>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 98: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Simulate
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.30,256,8.5>
<0.80,-256,23.6>
<1.20,-256,33.1>
<0.50,255,63.8>
<1.50,252,18.5>
<1.40,254,8.6>
<1.10,256,21.9>
<0.10,256,1.1>
<0.70,256,9.9>
<0.40,256,10.4>
<1.70,256,5.2>
<1.70,254,3.5>
<1.00,256,3.7>
<0.30,256,8.0>
<1.10,256,3.5>
<0.60,256,3.4>
<0.80,256,4.0>
<0.90,256,3.1>
<0.80,256,3.6>
<1.80,256,4.0>
<1.80,256,3.1>
<0.80,256,3.4>
<0.30,256,2.7>
<1.20,256,3.1>
<0.80,256,3.3>
<1.90,256,4.8>
<0.20,256,5.1>
<1.00,256,3.1>
<0.40,256,5.5>
<1.00,256,3.2>
<0.60,256,3.9>
<1.10,256,6.2>
<1.20,256,5.7>
<1.40,256,3.6>
<0.30,256,12.0>
<0.40,256,4.1>
<1.20,256,3.5>
<0.80,256,4.6>
<0.70,256,4.0>
<0.80,256,4.6>
<0.20,256,13.6>
<1.10,256,11.5>
<0.60,256,4.9>
<0.70,256,11.7>
<0.80,256,11.4>
<0.70,256,5.4>
<0.50,256,20.7>
<1.60,-256,5.7>
<0.80,256,24.8>
<0.60,256,10.5>
<0.70,256,11.2>
<1.30,256,41.9>
<0.50,256,7.1>
<0.90,256,10.0>
<0.60,227,60.8>
<1.70,228,16.5>
<1.00,227,57.1>
<0.50,256,7.3>
<0.50,256,7.3>
<0.50,256,7.3>
<0.50,256,7.3>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 99: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Optimize
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.30,256,8.5>
<0.80,-256,23.6>
<1.20,-256,33.1>
<0.50,255,63.8>
<1.50,252,18.5>
<1.40,254,8.6>
<1.10,256,21.9>
<0.10,256,1.1>
<0.70,256,9.9>
<0.40,256,10.4>
<1.70,256,5.2>
<1.70,254,3.5>
<1.00,256,3.7>
<0.30,256,8.0>
<1.10,256,3.5>
<0.60,256,3.4>
<0.80,256,4.0>
<0.90,256,3.1>
<0.80,256,3.6>
<1.80,256,4.0>
<1.80,256,3.1>
<0.80,256,3.4>
<0.30,256,2.7>
<1.20,256,3.1>
<0.80,256,3.3>
<1.90,256,4.8>
<0.20,256,5.1>
<1.00,256,3.1>
<0.40,256,5.5>
<1.00,256,3.2>
<0.60,256,3.9>
<1.10,256,6.2>
<1.20,256,5.7>
<1.40,256,3.6>
<0.30,256,12.0>
<0.40,256,4.1>
<1.20,256,3.5>
<0.80,256,4.6>
<0.70,256,4.0>
<0.80,256,4.6>
<0.20,256,13.6>
<1.10,256,11.5>
<0.60,256,4.9>
<0.70,256,11.7>
<0.80,256,11.4>
<0.70,256,5.4>
<0.50,256,20.7>
<1.60,-256,5.7>
<0.50,256,7.3>
<0.50,256,7.3>
<0.50,256,7.3>
<0.50,256,7.3>
<0.80,256,24.8>
<0.60,256,10.5>
<0.70,256,11.2>
<1.30,256,41.9>
<0.50,256,7.1>
<0.90,256,10.0>
<0.60,227,60.8>
<1.70,228,16.5>
<1.00,227,57.1>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 100: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Split
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.40,256,8.3>
<0.70,-256,29.0>
<1.40,-256,27.5>
<0.50,255,69.4>
<1.50,252,18.5>
<1.40,254,14.3>
<1.10,256,73.9>
<0.20,256,58.7>
<0.90,256,2.8>
<0.50,256,3.3>
<1.80,256,2.8>
<1.70,254,3.2>
<1.00,256,3.8>
<0.30,256,9.8>
<1.00,256,5.9>
<0.50,256,3.4>
<0.90,256,3.4>
<1.00,256,2.8>
<0.80,256,2.9>
<1.50,256,3.1>
<1.90,256,3.1>
<0.60,256,3.3>
<0.50,256,4.4>
<1.20,256,3.1>
<0.80,256,4.0>
<1.90,256,5.6>
<0.20,256,3.5>
<1.10,256,3.2>
<0.40,256,4.9>
<1.00,256,3.0>
<0.90,256,3.6>
<1.00,256,5.6>
<1.40,256,5.0>
<1.30,256,3.5>
<0.40,256,18.3>
<0.30,256,3.8>
<1.20,256,3.9>
<0.50,256,12.1>
<0.80,256,5.1>
<0.80,256,4.9>
<0.20,256,13.7>
<1.30,256,9.9>
<0.80,256,4.1>
<1.00,256,11.3>
<1.30,256,17.9>
<0.70,256,4.6>
<0.30,256,21.5>
<2.00,-256,4.2>
<0.40,256,6.6>
<0.50,256,7.2>
<0.90,256,8.7>
<0.80,256,8.0>
<0.80,256,19.1>
<0.50,256,11.1>
<0.80,256,9.8>
<1.20,256,40.9>
<0.50,256,8.6>
<0.90,256,10.3>
<0.60,227,21.6>
<1.70,228,61.2>
<1.00,227,57.1>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 101: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Simulate
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.40,256,8.3>
<0.70,-256,29.0>
<1.40,-256,27.5>
<0.50,255,69.4>
<1.50,252,18.5>
<1.40,254,14.3>
<1.10,256,73.9>
<0.20,256,58.7>
<0.90,256,2.8>
<0.50,256,3.3>
<1.80,256,2.8>
<1.70,254,3.2>
<1.00,256,3.8>
<0.30,256,9.8>
<1.00,256,5.9>
<0.50,256,3.4>
<0.90,256,3.4>
<1.00,256,2.8>
<0.80,256,2.9>
<1.50,256,3.1>
<1.90,256,3.1>
<0.60,256,3.3>
<0.50,256,4.4>
<1.20,256,3.1>
<0.80,256,4.0>
<1.90,256,5.6>
<0.20,256,3.5>
<0.40,256,4.9>
<1.00,256,3.0>
<0.90,256,3.6>
<1.00,256,5.6>
<1.40,256,5.0>
<1.30,256,3.5>
<0.40,256,18.3>
<0.30,256,3.8>
<1.20,256,3.9>
<0.50,256,12.1>
<0.80,256,5.1>
<0.80,256,4.9>
<0.20,256,13.7>
<1.30,256,9.9>
<0.80,256,4.1>
<1.00,256,11.3>
<1.30,256,17.9>
<0.70,256,4.6>
<0.30,256,21.5>
<2.00,-256,4.2>
<0.40,256,6.6>
<0.50,256,7.2>
<0.90,256,8.7>
<0.80,256,8.0>
<0.80,256,19.1>
<0.50,256,11.1>
<0.80,256,9.8>
<1.20,256,40.9>
<0.50,256,8.6>
<0.90,256,10.3>
<0.60,227,21.6>
<1.70,228,61.2>
<1.00,227,57.1>
<1.10,256,3.2>
<1.10,256,3.2>
<1.10,256,3.2>
<1.10,256,3.2>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 102: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Optimize
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.40,256,8.3>
<0.70,-256,29.0>
<1.40,-256,27.5>
<0.50,255,69.4>
<1.50,252,18.5>
<1.40,254,14.3>
<1.10,256,73.9>
<0.20,256,58.7>
<0.90,256,2.8>
<0.50,256,3.3>
<1.80,256,2.8>
<1.70,254,3.2>
<1.00,256,3.8>
<0.30,256,9.8>
<1.00,256,5.9>
<0.50,256,3.4>
<0.90,256,3.4>
<1.00,256,2.8>
<0.80,256,2.9>
<1.50,256,3.1>
<1.90,256,3.1>
<0.60,256,3.3>
<0.50,256,4.4>
<1.20,256,3.1>
<0.80,256,4.0>
<1.90,256,5.6>
<0.20,256,3.5>
<1.10,256,3.2>
<1.10,256,3.2>
<1.10,256,3.2>
<1.10,256,3.2>
<0.40,256,4.9>
<1.00,256,3.0>
<0.90,256,3.6>
<1.00,256,5.6>
<1.40,256,5.0>
<1.30,256,3.5>
<0.40,256,18.3>
<0.30,256,3.8>
<1.20,256,3.9>
<0.50,256,12.1>
<0.80,256,5.1>
<0.80,256,4.9>
<0.20,256,13.7>
<1.30,256,9.9>
<0.80,256,4.1>
<1.00,256,11.3>
<1.30,256,17.9>
<0.70,256,4.6>
<0.30,256,21.5>
<2.00,-256,4.2>
<0.40,256,6.6>
<0.50,256,7.2>
<0.90,256,8.7>
<0.80,256,8.0>
<0.80,256,19.1>
<0.50,256,11.1>
<0.80,256,9.8>
<1.20,256,40.9>
<0.50,256,8.6>
<0.90,256,10.3>
<0.60,227,21.6>
<1.70,228,61.2>
<1.00,227,57.1>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 103: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Split
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.90,256,9.4>
<0.80,-256,26.5>
<1.40,-256,72.9>
<0.50,255,71.0>
<1.60,252,31.4>
<1.40,254,65.7>
<1.10,256,9.9>
<0.20,256,6.8>
<0.80,256,16.3>
<0.50,256,3.0>
<1.80,256,16.2>
<1.80,254,3.1>
<1.00,256,3.6>
<0.30,256,2.8>
<1.00,256,5.8>
<0.50,256,2.5>
<0.90,256,8.9>
<0.90,256,2.9>
<0.80,256,3.8>
<1.30,256,3.5>
<2.00,256,4.1>
<1.00,256,3.0>
<0.50,256,3.3>
<1.30,256,3.7>
<0.90,256,3.8>
<2.00,256,5.5>
<0.20,256,3.4>
<1.10,256,3.0>
<1.20,256,4.8>
<1.10,256,4.8>
<1.00,256,3.3>
<0.40,256,5.1>
<0.80,256,3.6>
<0.50,256,3.6>
<1.10,256,4.9>
<1.40,256,5.8>
<1.30,256,3.5>
<0.40,256,17.4>
<0.20,256,3.1>
<1.10,256,3.9>
<0.40,256,18.5>
<0.70,256,11.5>
<0.70,256,3.3>
<0.30,256,11.3>
<1.40,256,8.5>
<1.00,256,4.8>
<1.00,256,12.5>
<1.50,256,7.4>
<0.70,256,5.6>
<0.30,256,22.4>
<1.90,-256,5.1>
<0.40,256,6.7>
<0.40,256,13.6>
<0.60,256,9.0>
<1.10,256,8.0>
<1.20,256,18.4>
<0.40,256,15.8>
<0.90,256,8.8>
<1.10,256,39.8>
<0.40,256,10.1>
<0.80,256,8.8>
<0.60,227,72.7>
<1.70,228,9.0>
<1.00,227,51.8>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 104: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Simulate
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.90,256,9.4>
<0.80,-256,26.5>
<1.40,-256,72.9>
<0.50,255,71.0>
<1.60,252,31.4>
<1.40,254,65.7>
<1.10,256,9.9>
<0.20,256,6.8>
<0.80,256,16.3>
<0.50,256,3.0>
<1.80,256,16.2>
<1.80,254,3.1>
<1.00,256,3.6>
<0.30,256,2.8>
<1.00,256,5.8>
<0.50,256,2.5>
<0.90,256,8.9>
<0.90,256,2.9>
<0.80,256,3.8>
<1.30,256,3.5>
<2.00,256,4.1>
<1.00,256,3.0>
<0.50,256,3.3>
<1.30,256,3.7>
<0.90,256,3.8>
<2.00,256,5.5>
<0.20,256,3.4>
<1.10,256,3.0>
<1.20,256,4.8>
<1.10,256,4.8>
<1.00,256,3.3>
<0.40,256,5.1>
<0.80,256,3.6>
<0.50,256,3.6>
<1.10,256,4.9>
<1.40,256,5.8>
<1.30,256,3.5>
<0.40,256,17.4>
<0.20,256,3.1>
<1.10,256,3.9>
<0.40,256,18.5>
<0.70,256,11.5>
<0.70,256,3.3>
<0.30,256,11.3>
<1.40,256,8.5>
<1.00,256,4.8>
<1.00,256,12.5>
<1.50,256,7.4>
<0.70,256,5.6>
<0.30,256,22.4>
<1.90,-256,5.1>
<0.40,256,6.7>
<0.40,256,13.6>
<0.60,256,9.0>
<1.20,256,18.4>
<0.40,256,15.8>
<0.90,256,8.8>
<1.10,256,39.8>
<0.40,256,10.1>
<0.80,256,8.8>
<0.60,227,72.7>
<1.70,228,9.0>
<1.00,227,51.8>
<1.10,256,8.0>
<1.10,256,8.0>
<1.10,256,8.0>
<1.10,256,8.0>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 105: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Optimize
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.90,256,9.4>
<0.80,-256,26.5>
<1.40,-256,72.9>
<0.50,255,71.0>
<1.60,252,31.4>
<1.40,254,65.7>
<1.10,256,9.9>
<0.20,256,6.8>
<0.80,256,16.3>
<0.50,256,3.0>
<1.80,256,16.2>
<1.80,254,3.1>
<1.00,256,3.6>
<0.30,256,2.8>
<1.00,256,5.8>
<0.50,256,2.5>
<0.90,256,8.9>
<0.90,256,2.9>
<0.80,256,3.8>
<1.30,256,3.5>
<2.00,256,4.1>
<1.00,256,3.0>
<0.50,256,3.3>
<1.30,256,3.7>
<0.90,256,3.8>
<2.00,256,5.5>
<0.20,256,3.4>
<1.10,256,3.0>
<1.20,256,4.8>
<1.10,256,4.8>
<1.00,256,3.3>
<0.40,256,5.1>
<0.80,256,3.6>
<0.50,256,3.6>
<1.10,256,4.9>
<1.40,256,5.8>
<1.30,256,3.5>
<0.40,256,17.4>
<0.20,256,3.1>
<1.10,256,3.9>
<0.40,256,18.5>
<0.70,256,11.5>
<0.70,256,3.3>
<0.30,256,11.3>
<1.40,256,8.5>
<1.00,256,4.8>
<1.00,256,12.5>
<1.50,256,7.4>
<0.70,256,5.6>
<0.30,256,22.4>
<1.90,-256,5.1>
<0.40,256,6.7>
<0.40,256,13.6>
<0.60,256,9.0>
<1.10,256,8.0>
<1.10,256,8.0>
<1.10,256,8.0>
<1.10,256,8.0>
<1.20,256,18.4>
<0.40,256,15.8>
<0.90,256,8.8>
<1.10,256,39.8>
<0.40,256,10.1>
<0.80,256,8.8>
<0.60,227,72.7>
<1.70,228,9.0>
<1.00,227,51.8>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 106: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Split
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.90,256,9.8>
<0.70,-256,11.3>
<1.50,-256,28.9>
<0.50,255,71.0>
<1.60,252,31.4>
<1.40,254,59.3>
<1.10,256,4.3>
<0.20,256,65.8>
<0.70,256,10.1>
<0.40,256,3.2>
<1.80,256,5.8>
<1.70,254,2.8>
<1.00,256,3.1>
<0.30,256,3.5>
<1.00,256,4.1>
<0.50,256,3.3>
<0.90,256,8.1>
<0.90,256,4.3>
<0.70,256,2.9>
<1.40,256,3.9>
<2.00,256,3.3>
<1.00,256,3.6>
<0.50,256,4.2>
<1.30,256,3.0>
<0.80,256,3.0>
<2.00,256,4.7>
<0.30,256,3.5>
<1.20,256,3.2>
<1.30,256,5.0>
<0.80,256,3.9>
<1.00,256,3.0>
<0.50,256,5.8>
<1.10,256,3.3>
<0.60,256,3.3>
<1.20,256,4.2>
<1.50,256,6.7>
<1.30,256,3.5>
<0.40,256,23.1>
<0.10,256,3.2>
<1.10,256,3.9>
<0.40,256,16.9>
<0.90,256,4.9>
<1.00,256,3.6>
<0.20,256,10.2>
<1.50,256,6.0>
<0.90,256,5.0>
<0.90,256,12.6>
<1.40,256,5.9>
<1.20,256,6.0>
<0.10,256,16.1>
<1.70,-256,5.1>
<0.10,256,6.9>
<0.50,256,15.3>
<0.70,256,9.6>
<1.50,256,8.1>
<1.40,256,10.3>
<1.20,256,7.9>
<1.30,256,7.9>
<1.20,256,19.2>
<0.50,256,15.1>
<1.30,256,9.2>
<1.00,256,33.4>
<0.80,256,10.6>
<0.90,256,6.4>
<0.50,227,67.0>
<1.70,228,7.9>
<1.10,227,58.2>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 107: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Simulate
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.90,256,9.8>
<0.70,-256,11.3>
<1.50,-256,28.9>
<0.50,255,71.0>
<1.60,252,31.4>
<1.40,254,59.3>
<1.10,256,4.3>
<0.20,256,65.8>
<0.70,256,10.1>
<0.40,256,3.2>
<1.80,256,5.8>
<1.70,254,2.8>
<1.00,256,3.1>
<0.30,256,3.5>
<1.00,256,4.1>
<0.50,256,3.3>
<0.90,256,8.1>
<0.90,256,4.3>
<0.70,256,2.9>
<1.40,256,3.9>
<2.00,256,3.3>
<1.00,256,3.6>
<0.50,256,4.2>
<1.30,256,3.0>
<0.80,256,3.0>
<2.00,256,4.7>
<0.30,256,3.5>
<1.20,256,3.2>
<1.30,256,5.0>
<0.80,256,3.9>
<1.00,256,3.0>
<0.50,256,5.8>
<1.10,256,3.3>
<1.20,256,4.2>
<1.50,256,6.7>
<1.30,256,3.5>
<0.40,256,23.1>
<0.10,256,3.2>
<1.10,256,3.9>
<0.40,256,16.9>
<0.90,256,4.9>
<1.00,256,3.6>
<0.20,256,10.2>
<1.50,256,6.0>
<0.90,256,5.0>
<0.90,256,12.6>
<1.40,256,5.9>
<1.20,256,6.0>
<0.10,256,16.1>
<1.70,-256,5.1>
<0.10,256,6.9>
<0.50,256,15.3>
<0.70,256,9.6>
<1.50,256,8.1>
<1.40,256,10.3>
<1.20,256,7.9>
<1.30,256,7.9>
<1.20,256,19.2>
<0.50,256,15.1>
<1.30,256,9.2>
<1.00,256,33.4>
<0.80,256,10.6>
<0.90,256,6.4>
<0.50,227,67.0>
<1.70,228,7.9>
<1.10,227,58.2>
<0.60,256,3.3>
<0.60,256,3.3>
<0.60,256,3.3>
<0.60,256,3.3>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 108: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Optimize
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.90,256,9.8>
<0.70,-256,11.3>
<1.50,-256,28.9>
<0.50,255,71.0>
<1.60,252,31.4>
<1.40,254,59.3>
<1.10,256,4.3>
<0.20,256,65.8>
<0.70,256,10.1>
<0.40,256,3.2>
<1.80,256,5.8>
<1.70,254,2.8>
<1.00,256,3.1>
<0.30,256,3.5>
<1.00,256,4.1>
<0.50,256,3.3>
<0.90,256,8.1>
<0.90,256,4.3>
<0.70,256,2.9>
<1.40,256,3.9>
<2.00,256,3.3>
<1.00,256,3.6>
<0.50,256,4.2>
<1.30,256,3.0>
<0.80,256,3.0>
<2.00,256,4.7>
<0.30,256,3.5>
<1.20,256,3.2>
<1.30,256,5.0>
<0.80,256,3.9>
<1.00,256,3.0>
<0.50,256,5.8>
<1.10,256,3.3>
<0.60,256,3.3>
<0.60,256,3.3>
<0.60,256,3.3>
<0.60,256,3.3>
<1.20,256,4.2>
<1.50,256,6.7>
<1.30,256,3.5>
<0.40,256,23.1>
<0.10,256,3.2>
<1.10,256,3.9>
<0.40,256,16.9>
<0.90,256,4.9>
<1.00,256,3.6>
<0.20,256,10.2>
<1.50,256,6.0>
<0.90,256,5.0>
<0.90,256,12.6>
<1.40,256,5.9>
<1.20,256,6.0>
<0.10,256,16.1>
<1.70,-256,5.1>
<0.10,256,6.9>
<0.50,256,15.3>
<0.70,256,9.6>
<1.50,256,8.1>
<1.40,256,10.3>
<1.20,256,7.9>
<1.30,256,7.9>
<1.20,256,19.2>
<0.50,256,15.1>
<1.30,256,9.2>
<1.00,256,33.4>
<0.80,256,10.6>
<0.90,256,6.4>
<0.50,227,67.0>
<1.70,228,7.9>
<1.10,227,58.2>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 109: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Split
s_ewma
r_ewma
<2.00,256,10.4>
<0.80,-256,51.3>
<1.30,-256,29.7>
<0.50,255,0.6>
<1.60,252,19.4>
<1.40,254,66.5>
<1.10,256,3.9>
<0.20,256,21.1>
<0.70,256,3.7>
<0.40,256,3.9>
<1.90,256,3.3>
<1.50,254,3.0>
<0.90,256,3.3>
<0.20,256,3.5>
<0.90,256,3.0>
<0.50,256,3.3>
<1.00,256,5.8>
<0.90,256,4.3>
<0.70,256,2.8>
<1.30,256,3.1>
<1.70,256,3.2>
<1.10,256,3.2>
<0.40,256,3.3>
<1.60,256,3.4>
<0.80,256,3.1>
<2.00,256,5.9>
<0.30,256,4.1>
<1.10,256,3.4>
<1.50,256,3.5>
<0.90,256,3.3>
<0.90,256,2.7>
<0.70,256,6.0>
<0.90,256,3.3>
<0.60,256,3.6>
<1.00,256,3.0>
<0.80,256,4.8>
<0.70,256,4.2>
<1.60,256,4.0>
<1.50,256,7.7>
<1.10,256,3.5>
<0.40,256,23.0>
<0.20,256,3.7>
<1.00,256,3.9>
<0.50,256,9.6>
<0.80,256,5.1>
<1.30,256,3.4>
<0.70,256,7.8>
<1.50,256,5.2>
<1.10,256,5.1>
<0.60,256,13.5>
<1.30,256,14.7>
<1.10,256,5.3>
<0.10,256,13.1>
<1.80,-256,6.6>
<0.20,256,7.2>
<0.10,256,20.0>
<0.70,256,8.8>
<1.10,256,8.1>
<1.60,256,9.9>
<1.20,256,7.9>
<1.50,256,7.9>
<1.30,256,18.4>
<0.30,256,14.2>
<1.30,256,9.2>
<1.00,256,38.5>
<1.20,256,15.4>
<0.80,256,7.4>
<0.50,227,22.0>
<2.00,228,8.7>
<1.00,227,38.8>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 110: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Simulate
s_ewma
r_ewma
<2.00,256,10.4>
<0.80,-256,51.3>
<1.30,-256,29.7>
<0.50,255,0.6>
<1.60,252,19.4>
<1.40,254,66.5>
<1.10,256,3.9>
<0.20,256,21.1>
<0.70,256,3.7>
<0.40,256,3.9>
<1.90,256,3.3>
<1.50,254,3.0>
<0.90,256,3.3>
<0.20,256,3.5>
<0.90,256,3.0>
<0.50,256,3.3>
<1.00,256,5.8>
<0.90,256,4.3>
<0.70,256,2.8>
<1.30,256,3.1>
<1.70,256,3.2>
<1.10,256,3.2>
<0.40,256,3.3>
<1.60,256,3.4>
<0.80,256,3.1>
<2.00,256,5.9>
<0.30,256,4.1>
<1.10,256,3.4>
<1.50,256,3.5>
<0.90,256,3.3>
<0.90,256,2.7>
<0.70,256,6.0>
<0.90,256,3.3>
<0.60,256,3.6>
<1.00,256,3.0>
<0.80,256,4.8>
<0.70,256,4.2>
<1.60,256,4.0>
<1.50,256,7.7>
<1.10,256,3.5>
<0.40,256,23.0>
<0.20,256,3.7>
<1.00,256,3.9>
<0.50,256,9.6>
<0.80,256,5.1>
<1.30,256,3.4>
<0.70,256,7.8>
<1.50,256,5.2>
<1.10,256,5.1>
<0.60,256,13.5>
<1.30,256,14.7>
<1.10,256,5.3>
<0.10,256,13.1>
<1.80,-256,6.6>
<0.20,256,7.2>
<0.10,256,20.0>
<0.70,256,8.8>
<1.60,256,9.9>
<1.20,256,7.9>
<1.50,256,7.9>
<1.30,256,18.4>
<0.30,256,14.2>
<1.30,256,9.2>
<1.00,256,38.5>
<1.20,256,15.4>
<0.80,256,7.4>
<0.50,227,22.0>
<2.00,228,8.7>
<1.00,227,38.8>
<1.10,256,8.1>
<1.10,256,8.1>
<1.10,256,8.1>
<1.10,256,8.1>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 111: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Optimize
s_ewma
r_ewma
<2.00,256,10.4>
<0.80,-256,51.3>
<1.30,-256,29.7>
<0.50,255,0.6>
<1.60,252,19.4>
<1.40,254,66.5>
<1.10,256,3.9>
<0.20,256,21.1>
<0.70,256,3.7>
<0.40,256,3.9>
<1.90,256,3.3>
<1.50,254,3.0>
<0.90,256,3.3>
<0.20,256,3.5>
<0.90,256,3.0>
<0.50,256,3.3>
<1.00,256,5.8>
<0.90,256,4.3>
<0.70,256,2.8>
<1.30,256,3.1>
<1.70,256,3.2>
<1.10,256,3.2>
<0.40,256,3.3>
<1.60,256,3.4>
<0.80,256,3.1>
<2.00,256,5.9>
<0.30,256,4.1>
<1.10,256,3.4>
<1.50,256,3.5>
<0.90,256,3.3>
<0.90,256,2.7>
<0.70,256,6.0>
<0.90,256,3.3>
<0.60,256,3.6>
<1.00,256,3.0>
<0.80,256,4.8>
<0.70,256,4.2>
<1.60,256,4.0>
<1.50,256,7.7>
<1.10,256,3.5>
<0.40,256,23.0>
<0.20,256,3.7>
<1.00,256,3.9>
<0.50,256,9.6>
<0.80,256,5.1>
<1.30,256,3.4>
<0.70,256,7.8>
<1.50,256,5.2>
<1.10,256,5.1>
<0.60,256,13.5>
<1.30,256,14.7>
<1.10,256,5.3>
<0.10,256,13.1>
<1.80,-256,6.6>
<0.20,256,7.2>
<0.10,256,20.0>
<0.70,256,8.8>
<1.10,256,8.1>
<1.10,256,8.1>
<1.10,256,8.1>
<1.10,256,8.1>
<1.60,256,9.9>
<1.20,256,7.9>
<1.50,256,7.9>
<1.30,256,18.4>
<0.30,256,14.2>
<1.30,256,9.2>
<1.00,256,38.5>
<1.20,256,15.4>
<0.80,256,7.4>
<0.50,227,22.0>
<2.00,228,8.7>
<1.00,227,38.8>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 112: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Split
s_ewma
r_ewma
<2.00,256,9.7>
<0.70,-256,50.2>
<1.50,-256,41.6>
<0.50,255,60.6>
<1.60,252,12.1>
<1.40,254,72.3>
<1.10,256,4.6>
<0.20,256,14.1>
<0.70,256,3.8>
<0.40,256,3.1>
<1.90,256,2.7>
<1.60,254,3.0>
<0.90,256,3.1>
<0.20,256,6.2>
<0.90,256,4.0>
<0.50,256,3.2>
<1.00,256,5.1>
<0.90,256,2.7>
<0.70,256,3.0>
<1.20,256,3.7>
<1.70,256,3.1>
<1.00,256,3.0>
<0.70,256,3.1>
<1.90,256,3.6>
<0.80,256,3.1>
<1.90,256,5.2>
<0.60,256,3.7>
<1.10,256,3.5>
<1.50,256,5.1>
<0.80,256,3.3>
<1.00,256,2.7>
<0.90,256,6.8>
<0.60,256,3.6>
<0.70,256,5.5>
<1.10,256,3.1>
<0.70,256,3.9>
<1.00,256,3.2>
<1.30,256,4.3>
<1.50,256,4.5>
<1.50,256,3.6>
<0.20,256,10.0>
<0.20,256,3.6>
<0.90,256,4.5>
<0.70,256,9.8>
<0.40,256,6.0>
<1.50,256,3.0>
<0.50,256,6.1>
<1.60,256,6.1>
<0.90,256,4.9>
<0.70,256,14.3>
<1.10,256,14.5>
<1.30,256,5.4>
<0.20,256,12.3>
<1.70,-256,7.7>
<0.20,256,7.0>
<0.20,256,24.7>
<1.10,256,5.6>
<0.80,256,6.9>
<0.80,256,21.4>
<1.30,256,13.7>
<1.30,256,7.2>
<1.60,256,10.6>
<1.30,256,14.2>
<1.40,256,7.9>
<1.30,256,18.3>
<0.50,256,18.4>
<1.20,256,8.5>
<1.30,256,25.8>
<1.10,256,9.8>
<0.50,256,8.9>
<0.70,227,59.8>
<1.80,228,8.8>
<1.20,227,38.1>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 113: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Simulate
s_ewma
r_ewma
<2.00,256,9.7>
<0.70,-256,50.2>
<1.50,-256,41.6>
<0.50,255,60.6>
<1.60,252,12.1>
<1.40,254,72.3>
<1.10,256,4.6>
<0.20,256,14.1>
<0.70,256,3.8>
<0.40,256,3.1>
<1.90,256,2.7>
<1.60,254,3.0>
<0.90,256,3.1>
<0.20,256,6.2>
<0.90,256,4.0>
<0.50,256,3.2>
<1.00,256,5.1>
<0.90,256,2.7>
<0.70,256,3.0>
<1.20,256,3.7>
<1.70,256,3.1>
<1.00,256,3.0>
<0.70,256,3.1>
<1.90,256,3.6>
<0.80,256,3.1>
<1.90,256,5.2>
<0.60,256,3.7>
<1.10,256,3.5>
<1.50,256,5.1>
<0.80,256,3.3>
<1.00,256,2.7>
<0.90,256,6.8>
<0.60,256,3.6>
<0.70,256,5.5>
<1.10,256,3.1>
<0.70,256,3.9>
<1.00,256,3.2>
<1.30,256,4.3>
<1.50,256,4.5>
<1.50,256,3.6>
<0.20,256,10.0>
<0.20,256,3.6>
<0.90,256,4.5>
<0.70,256,9.8>
<0.40,256,6.0>
<1.50,256,3.0>
<0.50,256,6.1>
<1.60,256,6.1>
<0.90,256,4.9>
<0.70,256,14.3>
<1.10,256,14.5>
<1.30,256,5.4>
<0.20,256,12.3>
<1.70,-256,7.7>
<0.20,256,7.0>
<0.20,256,24.7>
<1.10,256,5.6>
<0.80,256,6.9>
<0.80,256,21.4>
<1.30,256,13.7>
<1.30,256,7.2>
<1.60,256,10.6>
<1.30,256,14.2>
<1.30,256,18.3>
<0.50,256,18.4>
<1.20,256,8.5>
<1.30,256,25.8>
<1.10,256,9.8>
<0.50,256,8.9>
<0.70,227,59.8>
<1.80,228,8.8>
<1.20,227,38.1>
<1.40,256,7.9>
<1.40,256,7.9>
<1.40,256,7.9>
<1.40,256,7.9>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 114: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
RemyCC .
s_ewma
r_ewma
<2.00,256,9.7>
<0.70,-256,50.2>
<1.50,-256,41.6>
<0.50,255,60.6>
<1.60,252,12.1>
<1.40,254,72.3>
<1.10,256,4.6>
<0.20,256,14.1>
<0.70,256,3.8>
<0.40,256,3.1>
<1.90,256,2.7>
<1.60,254,3.0>
<0.90,256,3.1>
<0.20,256,6.2>
<0.90,256,4.0>
<0.50,256,3.2>
<1.00,256,5.1>
<0.90,256,2.7>
<0.70,256,3.0>
<1.20,256,3.7>
<1.70,256,3.1>
<1.00,256,3.0>
<0.70,256,3.1>
<1.90,256,3.6>
<0.80,256,3.1>
<1.90,256,5.2>
<0.60,256,3.7>
<1.10,256,3.5>
<1.50,256,5.1>
<0.80,256,3.3>
<1.00,256,2.7>
<0.90,256,6.8>
<0.60,256,3.6>
<0.70,256,5.5>
<1.10,256,3.1>
<0.70,256,3.9>
<1.00,256,3.2>
<1.30,256,4.3>
<1.50,256,4.5>
<1.50,256,3.6>
<0.20,256,10.0>
<0.20,256,3.6>
<0.90,256,4.5>
<0.70,256,9.8>
<0.40,256,6.0>
<1.50,256,3.0>
<0.50,256,6.1>
<1.60,256,6.1>
<0.90,256,4.9>
<0.70,256,14.3>
<1.10,256,14.5>
<1.30,256,5.4>
<0.20,256,12.3>
<1.70,-256,7.7>
<0.20,256,7.0>
<0.20,256,24.7>
<1.10,256,5.6>
<0.80,256,6.9>
<0.80,256,21.4>
<1.30,256,13.7>
<1.30,256,7.2>
<1.60,256,10.6>
<1.30,256,14.2>
<1.40,256,7.9>
<1.40,256,7.9>
<1.40,256,7.9>
<1.40,256,7.9>
<1.30,256,18.3>
<0.50,256,18.4>
<1.20,256,8.5>
<1.30,256,25.8>
<1.10,256,9.8>
<0.50,256,8.9>
<0.70,227,59.8>
<1.80,228,8.8>
<1.20,227,38.1>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 115: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
RemyCC .
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.60,256,9.6>
<1.00,-256,43.1>
<1.60,-256,55.1>
<0.50,255,10.8>
<1.60,252,63.2>
<1.40,254,20.3>
<1.10,256,3.4>
<0.20,256,2.8>
<0.60,256,3.0>
<0.40,256,3.1>
<2.00,256,4.0>
<1.50,254,3.3>
<0.90,256,2.8>
<0.40,256,4.9>
<0.90,256,3.0>
<0.60,256,3.0>
<1.00,256,6.7>
<1.10,256,2.9>
<0.70,256,3.1>
<1.00,256,4.6>
<1.80,256,3.4>
<0.70,256,3.0>
<0.70,256,3.1>
<1.90,256,3.6>
<0.80,256,3.0>
<1.70,256,3.9>
<0.70,256,4.4>
<1.20,256,3.2>
<1.70,256,4.3>
<0.90,256,3.3>
<1.10,256,2.5>
<1.00,256,6.3>
<0.60,256,3.4>
<0.50,256,5.3>
<1.20,256,4.6>
<0.40,256,4.0>
<0.80,256,3.1>
<1.50,256,4.9>
<1.80,256,5.4>
<1.50,256,4.1>
<0.20,256,9.8>
<0.30,256,4.6>
<1.40,256,2.9>
<0.90,256,10.6>
<0.60,256,12.5>
<1.60,256,4.5>
<0.50,256,6.9>
<1.30,256,3.4>
<1.00,256,5.2>
<0.20,256,21.8>
<1.20,256,13.7>
<1.20,256,4.7>
<0.40,256,25.8>
<2.00,-256,6.8>
<0.20,256,5.5>
<0.90,256,12.7>
<1.00,256,7.1>
<0.60,256,8.4>
<0.30,256,13.4>
<1.50,256,12.2>
<1.30,256,8.1>
<1.60,256,8.9>
<1.00,256,8.6>
<1.50,256,8.0>
<1.50,256,13.4>
<1.60,256,9.2>
<1.30,256,8.2>
<1.00,256,17.0>
<0.50,256,12.0>
<1.00,256,8.7>
<1.50,256,30.7>
<1.50,256,9.6>
<0.80,256,11.2>
<0.80,227,10.4>
<1.30,228,7.2>
<1.10,227,43.8>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 116: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
RemyCC .
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.60,256,9.6>
<1.00,-256,43.1>
<1.60,-256,55.1>
<0.50,255,10.8>
<1.60,252,63.2>
<1.40,254,20.3>
<1.10,256,3.4>
<0.20,256,2.8>
<0.60,256,3.0>
<0.40,256,3.1>
<2.00,256,4.0>
<1.50,254,3.3>
<0.90,256,2.8>
<0.40,256,4.9>
<0.90,256,3.0>
<0.60,256,3.0>
<1.00,256,6.7>
<1.10,256,2.9>
<0.70,256,3.1>
<1.00,256,4.6>
<1.80,256,3.4>
<0.70,256,3.0>
<0.70,256,3.1>
<1.90,256,3.6>
<0.80,256,3.0>
<1.70,256,3.9>
<0.70,256,4.4>
<1.20,256,3.2>
<1.70,256,4.3>
<0.90,256,3.3>
<1.10,256,2.5>
<1.00,256,6.3>
<0.60,256,3.4>
<0.50,256,5.3>
<1.20,256,4.6>
<0.40,256,4.0>
<0.80,256,3.1>
<1.50,256,4.9>
<1.80,256,5.4>
<0.20,256,9.8>
<0.30,256,4.6>
<1.40,256,2.9>
<0.90,256,10.6>
<0.60,256,12.5>
<1.60,256,4.5>
<0.50,256,6.9>
<1.30,256,3.4>
<1.00,256,5.2>
<0.20,256,21.8>
<1.20,256,13.7>
<1.20,256,4.7>
<0.40,256,25.8>
<2.00,-256,6.8>
<0.20,256,5.5>
<0.90,256,12.7>
<1.00,256,7.1>
<0.60,256,8.4>
<0.30,256,13.4>
<1.50,256,12.2>
<1.30,256,8.1>
<1.60,256,8.9>
<1.00,256,8.6>
<1.50,256,8.0>
<1.50,256,13.4>
<1.60,256,9.2>
<1.30,256,8.2>
<1.00,256,17.0>
<0.50,256,12.0>
<1.00,256,8.7>
<1.50,256,30.7>
<1.50,256,9.6>
<0.80,256,11.2>
<0.80,227,10.4>
<1.30,228,7.2>
<1.10,227,43.8>
<1.50,256,4.1>
<1.50,256,4.1>
<1.50,256,4.1>
<1.50,256,4.1>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 117: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
RemyCC .
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.60,256,9.6>
<1.00,-256,43.1>
<1.60,-256,55.1>
<0.50,255,10.8>
<1.60,252,63.2>
<1.40,254,20.3>
<1.10,256,3.4>
<0.20,256,2.8>
<0.60,256,3.0>
<0.40,256,3.1>
<2.00,256,4.0>
<1.50,254,3.3>
<0.90,256,2.8>
<0.40,256,4.9>
<0.90,256,3.0>
<0.60,256,3.0>
<1.00,256,6.7>
<1.10,256,2.9>
<0.70,256,3.1>
<1.00,256,4.6>
<1.80,256,3.4>
<0.70,256,3.0>
<0.70,256,3.1>
<1.90,256,3.6>
<0.80,256,3.0>
<1.70,256,3.9>
<0.70,256,4.4>
<1.20,256,3.2>
<1.70,256,4.3>
<0.90,256,3.3>
<1.10,256,2.5>
<1.00,256,6.3>
<0.60,256,3.4>
<0.50,256,5.3>
<1.20,256,4.6>
<0.40,256,4.0>
<0.80,256,3.1>
<1.50,256,4.9>
<1.80,256,5.4>
<1.50,256,4.1>
<1.50,256,4.1>
<1.50,256,4.1>
<1.50,256,4.1>
<0.20,256,9.8>
<0.30,256,4.6>
<1.40,256,2.9>
<0.90,256,10.6>
<0.60,256,12.5>
<1.60,256,4.5>
<0.50,256,6.9>
<1.30,256,3.4>
<1.00,256,5.2>
<0.20,256,21.8>
<1.20,256,13.7>
<1.20,256,4.7>
<0.40,256,25.8>
<2.00,-256,6.8>
<0.20,256,5.5>
<0.90,256,12.7>
<1.00,256,7.1>
<0.60,256,8.4>
<0.30,256,13.4>
<1.50,256,12.2>
<1.30,256,8.1>
<1.60,256,8.9>
<1.00,256,8.6>
<1.50,256,8.0>
<1.50,256,13.4>
<1.60,256,9.2>
<1.30,256,8.2>
<1.00,256,17.0>
<0.50,256,12.0>
<1.00,256,8.7>
<1.50,256,30.7>
<1.50,256,9.6>
<0.80,256,11.2>
<0.80,227,10.4>
<1.30,228,7.2>
<1.10,227,43.8>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 118: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
RemyCC .
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.90,256,9.6>
<0.90,-256,31.7>
<1.70,-256,48.8>
<0.50,255,10.9>
<1.60,252,57.7>
<1.40,254,27.6>
<1.10,256,3.2>
<0.20,256,3.3>
<0.60,256,3.0>
<0.50,256,3.0>
<2.00,256,3.3>
<1.50,254,3.2>
<0.90,256,2.9>
<0.40,256,4.9>
<0.90,256,4.2>
<0.60,256,2.8>
<1.00,256,5.9>
<1.10,256,4.6>
<0.70,256,3.9>
<0.90,256,4.0>
<1.70,256,3.3>
<0.80,256,3.0>
<0.50,256,4.0>
<1.80,256,2.7>
<0.60,256,3.0>
<1.60,256,4.0>
<0.80,256,4.9>
<1.40,256,3.3>
<1.80,256,5.8>
<1.10,256,3.2>
<0.60,256,2.9>
<1.20,256,5.7>
<0.80,256,3.5>
<0.50,256,3.6>
<1.10,256,4.6>
<0.50,256,3.8>
<0.80,256,3.7>
<1.70,256,6.5>
<2.00,256,3.9>
<1.50,256,4.2>
<1.50,256,5.0>
<1.50,256,9.4>
<0.90,256,3.3>
<0.10,256,12.1>
<0.10,256,3.8>
<1.40,256,2.9>
<0.80,256,10.4>
<0.70,256,7.0>
<1.90,256,3.9>
<1.10,256,7.8>
<1.60,256,4.3>
<0.50,256,6.0>
<0.30,256,21.2>
<1.40,256,7.3>
<1.20,256,4.7>
<0.50,256,11.4>
<1.70,-256,6.5>
<0.40,256,5.6>
<0.90,256,11.1>
<1.00,256,15.6>
<0.30,256,7.4>
<0.40,256,11.8>
<1.50,256,11.0>
<1.40,256,7.7>
<1.60,256,9.4>
<0.50,256,9.3>
<1.40,256,8.0>
<1.40,256,25.3>
<1.40,256,10.8>
<1.40,256,8.1>
<0.70,256,15.5>
<0.60,256,12.7>
<0.70,256,8.3>
<1.40,256,22.7>
<1.80,256,8.7>
<0.50,256,11.2>
<0.70,227,12.1>
<1.30,228,14.2>
<1.10,227,42.8>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 119: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
RemyCC .
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.90,256,9.6>
<0.90,-256,31.7>
<1.70,-256,48.8>
<0.50,255,10.9>
<1.60,252,57.7>
<1.40,254,27.6>
<1.10,256,3.2>
<0.20,256,3.3>
<0.60,256,3.0>
<2.00,256,3.3>
<1.50,254,3.2>
<0.90,256,2.9>
<0.40,256,4.9>
<0.90,256,4.2>
<0.60,256,2.8>
<1.00,256,5.9>
<1.10,256,4.6>
<0.70,256,3.9>
<0.90,256,4.0>
<1.70,256,3.3>
<0.80,256,3.0>
<0.50,256,4.0>
<1.80,256,2.7>
<0.60,256,3.0>
<1.60,256,4.0>
<0.80,256,4.9>
<1.40,256,3.3>
<1.80,256,5.8>
<1.10,256,3.2>
<0.60,256,2.9>
<1.20,256,5.7>
<0.80,256,3.5>
<0.50,256,3.6>
<1.10,256,4.6>
<0.50,256,3.8>
<0.80,256,3.7>
<1.70,256,6.5>
<2.00,256,3.9>
<1.50,256,4.2>
<1.50,256,5.0>
<1.50,256,9.4>
<0.90,256,3.3>
<0.10,256,12.1>
<0.10,256,3.8>
<1.40,256,2.9>
<0.80,256,10.4>
<0.70,256,7.0>
<1.90,256,3.9>
<1.10,256,7.8>
<1.60,256,4.3>
<0.50,256,6.0>
<0.30,256,21.2>
<1.40,256,7.3>
<1.20,256,4.7>
<0.50,256,11.4>
<1.70,-256,6.5>
<0.40,256,5.6>
<0.90,256,11.1>
<1.00,256,15.6>
<0.30,256,7.4>
<0.40,256,11.8>
<1.50,256,11.0>
<1.40,256,7.7>
<1.60,256,9.4>
<0.50,256,9.3>
<1.40,256,8.0>
<1.40,256,25.3>
<1.40,256,10.8>
<1.40,256,8.1>
<0.70,256,15.5>
<0.60,256,12.7>
<0.70,256,8.3>
<1.40,256,22.7>
<1.80,256,8.7>
<0.50,256,11.2>
<0.70,227,12.1>
<1.30,228,14.2>
<1.10,227,42.8>
<0.50,256,3.0>
<0.50,256,3.0>
<0.50,256,3.0>
<0.50,256,3.0>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 120: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
RemyCC .
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.90,256,9.6>
<0.90,-256,31.7>
<1.70,-256,48.8>
<0.50,255,10.9>
<1.60,252,57.7>
<1.40,254,27.6>
<1.10,256,3.2>
<0.20,256,3.3>
<0.60,256,3.0>
<0.50,256,3.0>
<0.50,256,3.0>
<0.50,256,3.0>
<0.50,256,3.0>
<2.00,256,3.3>
<1.50,254,3.2>
<0.90,256,2.9>
<0.40,256,4.9>
<0.90,256,4.2>
<0.60,256,2.8>
<1.00,256,5.9>
<1.10,256,4.6>
<0.70,256,3.9>
<0.90,256,4.0>
<1.70,256,3.3>
<0.80,256,3.0>
<0.50,256,4.0>
<1.80,256,2.7>
<0.60,256,3.0>
<1.60,256,4.0>
<0.80,256,4.9>
<1.40,256,3.3>
<1.80,256,5.8>
<1.10,256,3.2>
<0.60,256,2.9>
<1.20,256,5.7>
<0.80,256,3.5>
<0.50,256,3.6>
<1.10,256,4.6>
<0.50,256,3.8>
<0.80,256,3.7>
<1.70,256,6.5>
<2.00,256,3.9>
<1.50,256,4.2>
<1.50,256,5.0>
<1.50,256,9.4>
<0.90,256,3.3>
<0.10,256,12.1>
<0.10,256,3.8>
<1.40,256,2.9>
<0.80,256,10.4>
<0.70,256,7.0>
<1.90,256,3.9>
<1.10,256,7.8>
<1.60,256,4.3>
<0.50,256,6.0>
<0.30,256,21.2>
<1.40,256,7.3>
<1.20,256,4.7>
<0.50,256,11.4>
<1.70,-256,6.5>
<0.40,256,5.6>
<0.90,256,11.1>
<1.00,256,15.6>
<0.30,256,7.4>
<0.40,256,11.8>
<1.50,256,11.0>
<1.40,256,7.7>
<1.60,256,9.4>
<0.50,256,9.3>
<1.40,256,8.0>
<1.40,256,25.3>
<1.40,256,10.8>
<1.40,256,8.1>
<0.70,256,15.5>
<0.60,256,12.7>
<0.70,256,8.3>
<1.40,256,22.7>
<1.80,256,8.7>
<0.50,256,11.2>
<0.70,227,12.1>
<1.30,228,14.2>
<1.10,227,42.8>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 121: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
RemyCC .
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.90,256,9.1>
<0.90,-256,26.0>
<1.70,-256,41.5>
<0.50,255,3.1>
<1.60,252,8.9>
<1.40,254,22.0>
<1.10,256,2.9>
<0.10,256,4.0>
<0.60,256,3.8>
<0.50,256,3.1>
<0.50,256,6.1>
<0.50,256,3.0>
<0.30,256,3.0>
<2.00,256,4.1>
<1.60,254,3.0>
<0.90,256,3.0>
<0.40,256,2.9>
<0.90,256,2.6>
<0.60,256,2.9>
<1.10,256,3.4>
<1.10,256,3.9>
<0.70,256,2.9>
<0.90,256,4.0>
<1.50,256,3.4>
<0.70,256,2.9>
<0.50,256,5.4>
<1.90,256,4.5>
<0.70,256,3.1>
<1.60,256,3.0>
<0.80,256,4.2>
<1.30,256,3.4>
<1.40,256,5.7>
<1.30,256,4.2>
<0.50,256,3.0>
<1.20,256,5.1>
<0.70,256,4.2>
<0.50,256,3.5>
<1.00,256,3.6>
<0.60,256,5.2>
<0.30,256,3.9>
<1.60,256,6.4>
<1.70,256,3.7>
<1.70,256,3.3>
<1.40,256,4.1>
<1.70,256,10.4>
<1.00,256,3.0>
<0.10,256,12.1>
<0.10,256,4.9>
<1.70,256,2.9>
<0.50,256,11.3>
<1.40,256,8.1>
<1.50,256,3.8>
<0.90,256,9.3>
<1.50,256,4.5>
<0.80,256,5.8>
<0.10,256,16.4>
<1.30,256,7.8>
<1.10,256,3.8>
<1.00,256,24.2>
<1.70,-256,4.8>
<0.10,256,6.5>
<0.80,256,11.5>
<0.90,256,14.6>
<0.40,256,6.5>
<0.20,256,13.5>
<1.50,256,11.3>
<1.50,256,7.4>
<1.40,256,7.7>
<0.40,256,11.9>
<1.30,256,7.6>
<1.50,256,31.7>
<1.40,256,17.1>
<1.50,256,7.1>
<0.70,256,15.5>
<0.50,256,6.2>
<0.70,256,8.4>
<1.40,256,22.6>
<1.80,256,10.0>
<0.50,256,9.8>
<0.70,227,62.7>
<1.30,228,18.8>
<1.10,227,29.2>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 122: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
RemyCC .
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.90,256,9.1>
<0.90,-256,26.0>
<1.70,-256,41.5>
<0.50,255,3.1>
<1.60,252,8.9>
<1.40,254,22.0>
<0.10,256,4.0>
<0.60,256,3.8>
<0.50,256,3.1>
<0.50,256,6.1>
<0.50,256,3.0>
<0.30,256,3.0>
<2.00,256,4.1>
<1.60,254,3.0>
<0.90,256,3.0>
<0.40,256,2.9>
<0.90,256,2.6>
<0.60,256,2.9>
<1.10,256,3.4>
<1.10,256,3.9>
<0.70,256,2.9>
<0.90,256,4.0>
<1.50,256,3.4>
<0.70,256,2.9>
<0.50,256,5.4>
<1.90,256,4.5>
<0.70,256,3.1>
<1.60,256,3.0>
<0.80,256,4.2>
<1.30,256,3.4>
<1.40,256,5.7>
<1.30,256,4.2>
<0.50,256,3.0>
<1.20,256,5.1>
<0.70,256,4.2>
<0.50,256,3.5>
<1.00,256,3.6>
<0.60,256,5.2>
<0.30,256,3.9>
<1.60,256,6.4>
<1.70,256,3.7>
<1.70,256,3.3>
<1.40,256,4.1>
<1.70,256,10.4>
<1.00,256,3.0>
<0.10,256,12.1>
<0.10,256,4.9>
<1.70,256,2.9>
<0.50,256,11.3>
<1.40,256,8.1>
<1.50,256,3.8>
<0.90,256,9.3>
<1.50,256,4.5>
<0.80,256,5.8>
<0.10,256,16.4>
<1.30,256,7.8>
<1.10,256,3.8>
<1.00,256,24.2>
<1.70,-256,4.8>
<0.10,256,6.5>
<0.80,256,11.5>
<0.90,256,14.6>
<0.40,256,6.5>
<0.20,256,13.5>
<1.50,256,11.3>
<1.50,256,7.4>
<1.40,256,7.7>
<0.40,256,11.9>
<1.30,256,7.6>
<1.50,256,31.7>
<1.40,256,17.1>
<1.50,256,7.1>
<0.70,256,15.5>
<0.50,256,6.2>
<0.70,256,8.4>
<1.40,256,22.6>
<1.80,256,10.0>
<0.50,256,9.8>
<0.70,227,62.7>
<1.30,228,18.8>
<1.10,227,29.2>
<1.10,256,2.9>
<1.10,256,2.9>
<1.10,256,2.9>
<1.10,256,2.9>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 123: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
RemyCC .
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.90,256,9.1>
<0.90,-256,26.0>
<1.70,-256,41.5>
<0.50,255,3.1>
<1.60,252,8.9>
<1.40,254,22.0>
<1.10,256,2.9>
<1.10,256,2.9>
<1.10,256,2.9>
<1.10,256,2.9>
<0.10,256,4.0>
<0.60,256,3.8>
<0.50,256,3.1>
<0.50,256,6.1>
<0.50,256,3.0>
<0.30,256,3.0>
<2.00,256,4.1>
<1.60,254,3.0>
<0.90,256,3.0>
<0.40,256,2.9>
<0.90,256,2.6>
<0.60,256,2.9>
<1.10,256,3.4>
<1.10,256,3.9>
<0.70,256,2.9>
<0.90,256,4.0>
<1.50,256,3.4>
<0.70,256,2.9>
<0.50,256,5.4>
<1.90,256,4.5>
<0.70,256,3.1>
<1.60,256,3.0>
<0.80,256,4.2>
<1.30,256,3.4>
<1.40,256,5.7>
<1.30,256,4.2>
<0.50,256,3.0>
<1.20,256,5.1>
<0.70,256,4.2>
<0.50,256,3.5>
<1.00,256,3.6>
<0.60,256,5.2>
<0.30,256,3.9>
<1.60,256,6.4>
<1.70,256,3.7>
<1.70,256,3.3>
<1.40,256,4.1>
<1.70,256,10.4>
<1.00,256,3.0>
<0.10,256,12.1>
<0.10,256,4.9>
<1.70,256,2.9>
<0.50,256,11.3>
<1.40,256,8.1>
<1.50,256,3.8>
<0.90,256,9.3>
<1.50,256,4.5>
<0.80,256,5.8>
<0.10,256,16.4>
<1.30,256,7.8>
<1.10,256,3.8>
<1.00,256,24.2>
<1.70,-256,4.8>
<0.10,256,6.5>
<0.80,256,11.5>
<0.90,256,14.6>
<0.40,256,6.5>
<0.20,256,13.5>
<1.50,256,11.3>
<1.50,256,7.4>
<1.40,256,7.7>
<0.40,256,11.9>
<1.30,256,7.6>
<1.50,256,31.7>
<1.40,256,17.1>
<1.50,256,7.1>
<0.70,256,15.5>
<0.50,256,6.2>
<0.70,256,8.4>
<1.40,256,22.6>
<1.80,256,10.0>
<0.50,256,9.8>
<0.70,227,62.7>
<1.30,228,18.8>
<1.10,227,29.2>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 124: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
RemyCC
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.60,256,10.9>
<0.90,-256,32.4>
<1.50,-256,41.5>
<0.40,255,3.0>
<1.60,252,5.7>
<1.40,254,2.7>
<1.10,256,3.0>
<1.10,256,2.0>
<1.00,256,4.2>
<1.10,256,2.9>
<0.10,256,3.3>
<0.60,256,5.4>
<0.50,256,3.7>
<0.50,256,7.4>
<0.50,256,4.5>
<0.40,256,2.8>
<2.00,256,3.7>
<1.60,254,2.6>
<0.90,256,3.3>
<0.50,256,2.8>
<0.90,256,4.0>
<0.60,256,2.6>
<1.10,256,4.7>
<0.90,256,3.2>
<0.70,256,3.7>
<0.80,256,4.2>
<1.40,256,3.4>
<0.50,256,2.9>
<0.70,256,4.5>
<1.90,256,3.6>
<0.90,256,3.0>
<1.90,256,3.8>
<0.70,256,3.7>
<1.40,256,3.5>
<1.20,256,6.4>
<1.20,256,3.4>
<0.70,256,2.9>
<1.40,256,5.5>
<0.80,256,3.5>
<0.60,256,3.4>
<1.10,256,3.7>
<0.50,256,3.9>
<0.40,256,4.0>
<1.30,256,6.5>
<1.60,256,3.6>
<1.80,256,4.9>
<1.40,256,3.5>
<1.60,256,4.7>
<1.20,256,2.3>
<0.20,256,13.1>
<0.10,256,4.0>
<1.80,256,3.1>
<0.50,256,12.9>
<1.60,256,8.9>
<1.80,256,3.9>
<0.30,256,8.6>
<1.70,256,6.4>
<0.70,256,5.4>
<0.10,256,15.6>
<0.80,256,6.1>
<1.00,256,3.6>
<1.00,256,26.0>
<1.60,-256,6.3>
<0.10,256,8.3>
<0.50,256,19.4>
<0.70,256,14.7>
<0.10,256,5.8>
<0.10,256,15.3>
<1.70,256,12.2>
<1.60,256,5.6>
<1.20,256,7.6>
<0.60,256,12.7>
<1.20,256,9.1>
<1.20,256,17.8>
<1.30,256,9.9>
<1.30,256,7.9>
<0.80,256,13.6>
<0.90,256,7.9>
<0.90,256,9.6>
<1.40,256,35.4>
<1.80,256,9.2>
<0.40,256,10.7>
<0.70,227,5.8>
<1.30,228,19.6>
<1.10,227,25.3>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 125: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
RemyCC
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.60,256,10.9>
<0.90,-256,32.4>
<1.50,-256,41.5>
<0.40,255,3.0>
<1.60,252,5.7>
<1.40,254,2.7>
<1.10,256,3.0>
<1.10,256,2.0>
<1.00,256,4.2>
<1.10,256,2.9>
<0.10,256,3.3>
<0.60,256,5.4>
<0.50,256,3.7>
<0.50,256,7.4>
<0.50,256,4.5>
<0.40,256,2.8>
<2.00,256,3.7>
<1.60,254,2.6>
<0.90,256,3.3>
<0.50,256,2.8>
<0.90,256,4.0>
<0.60,256,2.6>
<1.10,256,4.7>
<0.90,256,3.2>
<0.70,256,3.7>
<0.80,256,4.2>
<1.40,256,3.4>
<0.50,256,2.9>
<0.70,256,4.5>
<1.90,256,3.6>
<1.90,256,3.8>
<0.70,256,3.7>
<1.40,256,3.5>
<1.20,256,6.4>
<1.20,256,3.4>
<0.70,256,2.9>
<1.40,256,5.5>
<0.80,256,3.5>
<0.60,256,3.4>
<1.10,256,3.7>
<0.50,256,3.9>
<0.40,256,4.0>
<1.30,256,6.5>
<1.60,256,3.6>
<1.80,256,4.9>
<1.40,256,3.5>
<1.60,256,4.7>
<1.20,256,2.3>
<0.20,256,13.1>
<0.10,256,4.0>
<1.80,256,3.1>
<0.50,256,12.9>
<1.60,256,8.9>
<1.80,256,3.9>
<0.30,256,8.6>
<1.70,256,6.4>
<0.70,256,5.4>
<0.10,256,15.6>
<0.80,256,6.1>
<1.00,256,3.6>
<1.00,256,26.0>
<1.60,-256,6.3>
<0.10,256,8.3>
<0.50,256,19.4>
<0.70,256,14.7>
<0.10,256,5.8>
<0.10,256,15.3>
<1.70,256,12.2>
<1.60,256,5.6>
<1.20,256,7.6>
<0.60,256,12.7>
<1.20,256,9.1>
<1.20,256,17.8>
<1.30,256,9.9>
<1.30,256,7.9>
<0.80,256,13.6>
<0.90,256,7.9>
<0.90,256,9.6>
<1.40,256,35.4>
<1.80,256,9.2>
<0.40,256,10.7>
<0.70,227,5.8>
<1.30,228,19.6>
<1.10,227,25.3>
<0.90,256,3.0>
<0.90,256,3.0>
<0.90,256,3.0>
<0.90,256,3.0>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 126: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
RemyCC .
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.60,256,10.9>
<0.90,-256,32.4>
<1.50,-256,41.5>
<0.40,255,3.0>
<1.60,252,5.7>
<1.40,254,2.7>
<1.10,256,3.0>
<1.10,256,2.0>
<1.00,256,4.2>
<1.10,256,2.9>
<0.10,256,3.3>
<0.60,256,5.4>
<0.50,256,3.7>
<0.50,256,7.4>
<0.50,256,4.5>
<0.40,256,2.8>
<2.00,256,3.7>
<1.60,254,2.6>
<0.90,256,3.3>
<0.50,256,2.8>
<0.90,256,4.0>
<0.60,256,2.6>
<1.10,256,4.7>
<0.90,256,3.2>
<0.70,256,3.7>
<0.80,256,4.2>
<1.40,256,3.4>
<0.50,256,2.9>
<0.70,256,4.5>
<1.90,256,3.6>
<0.90,256,3.0>
<0.90,256,3.0>
<0.90,256,3.0>
<0.90,256,3.0>
<1.90,256,3.8>
<0.70,256,3.7>
<1.40,256,3.5>
<1.20,256,6.4>
<1.20,256,3.4>
<0.70,256,2.9>
<1.40,256,5.5>
<0.80,256,3.5>
<0.60,256,3.4>
<1.10,256,3.7>
<0.50,256,3.9>
<0.40,256,4.0>
<1.30,256,6.5>
<1.60,256,3.6>
<1.80,256,4.9>
<1.40,256,3.5>
<1.60,256,4.7>
<1.20,256,2.3>
<0.20,256,13.1>
<0.10,256,4.0>
<1.80,256,3.1>
<0.50,256,12.9>
<1.60,256,8.9>
<1.80,256,3.9>
<0.30,256,8.6>
<1.70,256,6.4>
<0.70,256,5.4>
<0.10,256,15.6>
<0.80,256,6.1>
<1.00,256,3.6>
<1.00,256,26.0>
<1.60,-256,6.3>
<0.10,256,8.3>
<0.50,256,19.4>
<0.70,256,14.7>
<0.10,256,5.8>
<0.10,256,15.3>
<1.70,256,12.2>
<1.60,256,5.6>
<1.20,256,7.6>
<0.60,256,12.7>
<1.20,256,9.1>
<1.20,256,17.8>
<1.30,256,9.9>
<1.30,256,7.9>
<0.80,256,13.6>
<0.90,256,7.9>
<0.90,256,9.6>
<1.40,256,35.4>
<1.80,256,9.2>
<0.40,256,10.7>
<0.70,227,5.8>
<1.30,228,19.6>
<1.10,227,25.3>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 127: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
RemyCC
s_ewma
r_ewma
<1.70,256,10.4>
<0.70,-256,44.4>
<1.10,-256,5.0>
<0.10,255,2.7>
<1.60,252,3.0>
<1.40,254,1.8>
<1.30,256,3.4>
<1.20,256,4.5>
<1.00,256,10.8>
<1.00,256,3.2>
<0.10,256,3.2>
<0.50,256,3.7>
<0.50,256,3.8>
<0.40,256,5.7>
<0.70,256,2.9>
<0.20,256,2.3>
<2.00,256,3.5>
<1.80,254,2.6>
<0.90,256,3.9>
<0.50,256,2.0>
<0.90,256,4.0>
<0.50,256,2.9>
<1.10,256,4.6>
<1.00,256,3.8>
<0.80,256,3.7>
<0.80,256,4.9>
<1.40,256,4.2>
<0.40,256,2.7>
<0.50,256,4.5>
<2.00,256,2.7>
<1.20,256,2.7>
<1.00,256,3.1>
<0.90,256,2.5>
<0.40,256,3.1>
<1.90,256,3.0>
<1.00,256,3.9>
<1.70,256,4.1>
<1.60,256,4.8>
<1.10,256,4.3>
<1.20,256,3.0>
<1.90,256,5.6>
<0.70,256,3.7>
<0.50,256,3.3>
<1.20,256,5.1>
<0.20,256,5.5>
<0.30,256,3.9>
<1.60,256,8.3>
<1.50,256,2.5>
<1.60,256,4.7>
<1.60,256,3.4>
<1.40,256,5.5>
<0.70,256,3.0>
<0.50,256,12.9>
<0.20,256,4.9>
<1.70,256,3.2>
<0.40,256,7.4>
<1.30,256,3.6>
<1.90,256,3.0>
<0.10,256,8.6>
<1.60,256,5.4>
<0.50,256,4.5>
<0.10,256,20.1>
<0.60,256,11.8>
<1.10,256,5.1>
<1.00,256,12.3>
<1.80,-256,5.4>
<0.40,256,6.7>
<0.50,256,20.2>
<1.00,256,9.3>
<0.30,256,4.1>
<0.30,256,22.6>
<1.60,256,10.6>
<1.50,256,7.3>
<1.40,256,6.7>
<0.60,256,14.2>
<1.70,256,8.3>
<0.80,256,23.4>
<1.70,256,9.9>
<1.20,256,7.0>
<1.20,256,13.1>
<0.70,256,7.9>
<1.00,256,9.9>
<1.40,256,43.4>
<1.60,256,10.9>
<0.10,256,9.9>
<0.70,227,56.1>
<1.30,228,27.0>
<1.10,227,19.6>
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 128: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Evaluation in ns-2
I End-to-end comparators: NewReno, Cubic, Compound, VegasI In-net comparators: Cubic-over-sfqCoDel, XCPI Simulation setup published for replication
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 129: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/129.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Scenario 1: fixed-rate network, homogenous senders
...
Sender
Sender 2
Sender n
Queue
...
Receiver
Receiver 2
Receiver n
Round-trip time
Link
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 130: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Scenario 1: details
Quantity Simulation parameter Remy assumptionsLink speed 15 Mbps Uniform(10, 20) MbpsRTT 150 ms Uniform(100, 200) msn 8 Uniform(1, 16)“On” process exp[µ = 100] kB exp[µ = 5] s
“Off” process exp[µ = 1
2
]s exp[µ = 5] s
Remy objective: ∑i
log
[throughputi(
delayi)δ
]
δ ∈{
1
10, 1, 10
}Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 131: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Scenario 1: throughput-delay plot
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
12481632
Thr
ough
put (
Mbp
s)
Queueing delay (ms)
Better
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 132: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Scenario 1: throughput-delay plot
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
12481632
Thr
ough
put (
Mbp
s)
Queueing delay (ms)
Better
NewReno
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 133: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Scenario 1: throughput-delay plot
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
12481632
Thr
ough
put (
Mbp
s)
Queueing delay (ms)
Better
NewReno
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 134: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Scenario 1: throughput-delay plot
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
12481632
Thr
ough
put (
Mbp
s)
Queueing delay (ms)
Better
NewReno
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 135: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Scenario 1: throughput-delay plot
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
12481632
Thr
ough
put (
Mbp
s)
Queueing delay (ms)
Better
NewReno
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 136: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Scenario 1: throughput-delay plot
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
12481632
Thr
ough
put (
Mbp
s)
Queueing delay (ms)
Better
Delay unfairness
Throughput unfairnessMedianoutcome
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 137: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Scenario 1: throughput-delay plot
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
12481632
Thr
ough
put (
Mbp
s)
Queueing delay (ms)
Better
NewReno
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 138: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/138.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Scenario 1: throughput-delay plot
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
12481632
Thr
ough
put (
Mbp
s)
Queueing delay (ms)
Better
NewReno
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 139: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/139.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Scenario 1: throughput-delay plot
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
12481632
Thr
ough
put (
Mbp
s)
Queueing delay (ms)
Better
NewReno Vegas
Cubic
Compound
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 140: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/140.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Scenario 1: throughput-delay plot
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
12481632
Thr
ough
put (
Mbp
s)
Queueing delay (ms)
Better
NewReno Vegas
Cubic
Compound
XCP
Cubic/sfqCoDel
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 141: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/141.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Scenario 1: throughput-delay plot
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
12481632
Thr
ough
put (
Mbp
s)
Queueing delay (ms)
Better
NewReno Vegas
Cubic
Compound
XCP
Cubic/sfqCoDel
RemyCC=1
RemyCCδ=10
δ
δ=0.1RemyCC
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 142: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/142.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Scenario 1: throughput-delay plot
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
12481632
Thr
ough
put (
Mbp
s)
Queueing delay (ms)
Better
NewReno Vegas
Cubic
Compound
XCP
Cubic/sfqCoDel
RemyCC=1
RemyCCδ=10
δ
δ=0.1RemyCC
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 143: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/143.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Scenario 2: Verizon LTE, n = 8
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
1.8
2
163264
Thr
ough
put (
Mbp
s)
Queueing delay (ms)
Vegas
Remyδ=0.1
Remyδ=1
Remyδ=10
Cubic
Compound
NewReno
XCP
Cubic/sfqCoDel
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 144: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/144.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
The effect of prior knowledge
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
4.74 15 47.4
log(
nor
ma
lized
thro
ughp
ut)
- lo
g(d
elay
)
link speed (megabits/sec)
RemyCC 10x
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 145: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/145.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
The effect of prior knowledge
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
4.74 15 47.4
log(
nor
ma
lized
thro
ughp
ut)
- lo
g(d
elay
)
link speed (megabits/sec)
RemyCC 10xRemyCC exact
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 146: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/146.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
The effect of prior knowledge
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
4.74 15 47.4
log(
nor
ma
lized
thro
ughp
ut)
- lo
g(d
elay
)
link speed (megabits/sec)
RemyCC 10xRemyCC exact
Cubic-over-sfqCoDel
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 147: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/147.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Limitations and unknowns
I Tested only in simulation so far
I How to characterize robustness to the unforeseen?
I Can we make a RemyCC for a 10,000x range of throughputs?
I Agreeing on assumptions and goal may not be easy
I End-to-end = hard to handle an overaggressive competitor
I Not proposing Internet-scale deployment any time soon
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control
![Page 148: TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Controlweb.mit.edu/remy/Remy-SIGCOMM-2013.pdf · TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan](https://reader034.vdocuments.site/reader034/viewer/2022042709/5f45eedacfb8b949bf4d2001/html5/thumbnails/148.jpg)
Introduction The problem Remy Evaluation Discussion
Conclusions
I Traditionally: simple rules, complex behaviorI With Remy: complex rules, consistent behavior
I Computer-designed > human-designedI End-to-end > in-network
I The network evolves. Transport should let it!
http://web.mit.edu/remy
{keithw, hari}@mit.edu
Keith Winstein and Hari Balakrishnan MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
TCP ex Machina: Computer-Generated Congestion Control