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Histo ry o f Video Games
CS481/CS681
Fall 2007
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Summary
1931 Pinball machine
1971, first commercial
game introduced
2 game market crashes $10,000,000,000 industry
Seven generations of
hardware Whats the future?
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Pinbal l
Bally Manufacturing
Williams Manufacturing
Midway Games
Created the production,
distribution, and consumerchannels used by video
game industry
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Japan (Pre-h isto ry )
Early coin operated companies established by
foreigners
Taito, (Sega + Rosen Enterprises = Sega Enterprises)
1966Periscope
Imported to the US and Europe, expensive
Set the 25 cent price for coin operated machines
Meanwhile, back in the US ... computers rising
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Electronic / Compu ter games
(Prehistory)
1948: Cathode Ray Tube Amusement Device
patent for electronic game. Vacuum tubes
controlled missiles firing at a target
1951: Transistors replacing vacuum tubes at
university computers. Students want games.
Checkers (1951)
TTT (1952)
Nimrod played Nim (UK)
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Bir th
Spacewar, 1962, MITstudents wanted to test
the capabilities of their new
DEC PDP-1
Gravity, warp
Widely distributed by DEC
Other games were not
distributed (no internet)
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Commercial izat ion
1971: Galaxy Game
Clone of Spacewar
Stanford, 10 cents in student union
Ran until 1979
Bushnell, Dabney created custom
arcade hardware for Spacewar
clone - failure...
June 27, 1972 Bushnell/Dabney
found Atari Inc. ... meanwhile...
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Pong
Al Alcorn, Ataris first game engineer
1972: Implemented Pong
Atari tried to get Ballys to manufacture it
Machine malfunctioned during demo because it
was too full of coins!
Atari decided to forget Ballys and go into
manufacturing!
Many Pong clones competed
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Golden Age of arcade games (2)
1978:Space Invaders, (Taito) high score, no name
1979, Star Fire, (Exidy), initials
1979, Atari Football, smooth scrolling scree,
trackball controller
Many Companies entered the business
Konami, Namco, Irem, SNK, Technos Japan.
Galaga, Defender, Scramble, Moon patrol
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Maze Games: Pac-Man
1980, Namco, Originally Puck-man but changed
name before releasing in the US.
Best selling arcade game up to that point
First identifiable video character
Cover of Time
1981, MIT students enhancement kits for pac-man
ended up producing Ms. Pac-Man (4 mazes)
1982, Namco, Pole Position, Racing, POV
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Platform Games
1981, Donkey Kong,
Nintendo
1982, Donkey Kong
Junior introduced
Mario
1983: Elevator Action
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Tech
1972: handheld TTT
1976: game cartridges
1977: Joystick
Vector graphics
1979: Asteroids, others (but died after 1983 and raster)
Laserdisc
1983: Dragons Lair, animated sequences, interactive
movie
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80s
1982: EA born
PCs, game source code printed in magazines
Commodore 64
1983, Snipes, first networked commerical text-
mode game
Maze War (university research game)
Spasim (3d multiplayer space sim), precursor to Doom
and Quake
Handheld LCD console
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Crash of 1983
Too many companies, too many bad games
So many ET the Extra Terrestrial game cartridges
were left over that they had to be buried in a big
hole in NM!
Lasted One Year!
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Video game consoles (3)
Nintendo, NES (Famicon), Super Mario Brothers
Gamepad
8 direction D pad with 2 or more action buttons 1986: Dragon Quest precursor to RPG
1987: Final Fantasy, Role playing game
1986: Legend of Zelda
1988: Nintendo Power Magazine
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90s (4)
Rising to match Hollywood
3D graphics, sound cards, CDs, fast PCs
Internet based distribution, shareware,
1992: RTS games, Dune II set the std.
Warcraft, C&C, StarCraft
1993: Myst, and adventure puzzle game
Sim games: Sim city, SimEarth,...The Sims (2000)
Mods, Counterstrike, Half Life mod
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In ternet Gam ing
Multi-User Dungeons
1996: Quake, FPS
MMORPGS: Ultima Online, Everquest
Persistent worlds, large numbers of players
Java/Flash back to simple games
Decline of arcades, rise of home consoles, PCs
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4, 5, 6, 7 generations
Sega Genesis, Super NES
Sega Saturn, Sony Playstation, Nintendo 64
DDR
Sega Dreamcast, Playstation2, Game Cube, Xbox
Sims, Halo, GTA, Halo 2, GTA San Andreas, Guitar
Hero
PSP, PS3, Xbox 360, Nintendo DS
Spore Demo
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Future
Where is it heading?
Graphics
Physics
AI
Immersion, Realism, ...
Holodeck