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Some Basic Physics, Chemistry and Geology followed by
and Introduction to the Earth Interior
1
Today’s Quiz
1) Vocabulary Chapters 1a and 112) Review of Chapter 1a and Previous Lecture
Thursday, August 22, 13
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2
A Private Unvierse?
Thursday, August 22, 13
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3
Thursday, August 22, 13
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Some Basic Physics and Chemistry and Geology
4
Thursday, August 22, 13
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EquilibriumCookie Equilibrium
Coffee Equilibrium
5
Thursday, August 22, 13
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Equilibrium
Temperature (heat) Equilibrium
Molecular (H2O)Equilibrium
5
Thursday, August 22, 13
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Phase Change
6
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Thursday, August 22, 13
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Temperature (heat) and Pressure
Temperature is a measure of Heat
Sources of Earth’s HeatAccretionary heating (original heat)Latent heat (heat of crystallization) Radioactive Decay
Accretionary heat(energy transfer)
7
Thursday, August 22, 13
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Heat Transfer (cooling)
8
Thursday, August 22, 13
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Buoyancy
Density = mass/volume (g/cm )
Dead Sea
9
Gravitational Equilibrium3
Thursday, August 22, 13
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Buoyancy
Density = mass/volume (g/cm )
Dead Sea
9
3
Thursday, August 22, 13
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Buoyancy
Density = mass/volume (g/cm )10
Gravitational Equilibrium3
Brasson
Mercury
Thursday, August 22, 13
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Buoyancy
Density = mass/volume (g/cm )10
3
Brasson
Mercury
Thursday, August 22, 13
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Observable Matter
11
Thursday, August 22, 13
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Observable Matter
11
Silicate Rocks- Rocks composed dominantly of Silicon (Si) and Oxygen (O)
Thursday, August 22, 13
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Observable Matter
Mafic rocks
Felsic rocks
11
Silicate Rocks- Rocks composed dominantly of Silicon (Si) and Oxygen (O)
Thursday, August 22, 13
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Observable Matter
Mafic rocks
Felsic rocks
11
Earth’s Composition
by Mass
-35% Fe-30% O-15% Si-12% Mg-8% all other
Silicate Rocks- Rocks composed dominantly of Silicon (Si) and Oxygen (O)
Thursday, August 22, 13
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The Rock Cycle
12
Thursday, August 22, 13
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Observable Matter
Mafic rocks
Felsic rocks
13
Earth’s Composition
by Mass
-35% Fe-30% O-15% Si-12% Mg-8% all other
Felsic Rocks Greater than 55% SiO4 (silica)) Continental Crust 45% SiO2 < Mafic Rocks < 55% SiO4 Oceanic CrustUltramafic less than 45% SiO4 MantleNon-Silicate Rock (Ni-Fe alloy) Core
Thursday, August 22, 13
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Earth’s Composition Heterogeneous or Homogeneous?
14
Thursday, August 22, 13
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Earth’s Composition Heterogeneous or Homogeneous?
14
What is the crust enriched in?What is the curst depleted in?
Thursday, August 22, 13
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15
Mafic
Felsic
Lower Mantle
Lower Mantle
Modified“Geology ata Glance”
11.1
Thursday, August 22, 13
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Buoyancy
16Thursday, August 22, 13
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Isostasy
17
Thursday, August 22, 13
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Isostasy
18
Thursday, August 22, 13
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Isostasy
www.globalchange.umich.edu.tiff19
Thursday, August 22, 13
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20
What amount of the low density block is sticking above the more dense material?a) ~12 km
b) ~33 km
c) ~17 km
d) ~7 km
e) Was unable to determine
Thursday, August 22, 13
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21
What amount of the low density block is sticking above the more dense material?a) ~12 km
b) ~33 km
c) ~17 km
d) ~7 km
e) Was unable to determine
Thursday, August 22, 13
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22
Himalayan Mountains
Isostasy
Thursday, August 22, 13
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Earth’s StructureGroup Work
Pages 17, and 19-21 in your ManualWork in Groups of 2 to 3
Thursday, August 22, 13
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Crust
Mantle
CoreInnerCore
OuterCore
Lithosphere
Earth’s Structure
Asthenosphere
Moho
Thursday, August 22, 13