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Small-scale Sanitation: Dutch experiences at home and
abroad
Carel de Villeneuve
Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management
The Netherlands
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Contents
• History of pollution control
• Small scale sanitation at home
• Small-scale sanitation abroad: the AKVO initiative
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History
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Surface Water Pollution Act
• Discharge into surface water without a licence is forbidden
– Precautionary principle: pollution should be minimized, irrespectively of the type of substances concerned
– No-deterioration principle: harmful substances should not increase in the environment
• Every polluter pays for:– Operation sewage treatment plants– Costs of restoration of the water system– Costs of administration
Principles:
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Small scale sanitation
Statutory framework
• Municipalities must collect and remove waste water
• If not cost-effective, Provincial Executive may release them from this obligation
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Connection to sewer or individual treatment of waste water
type of discharge distance to sewer
rule
households (≤ 10 p.e.)
≤ 40 m municipal sewer
households (p.e)11-25 26-5051-100100-200> 200
≤ 100 m≤ 600 m
≤ 1500 m≤ 3000 mno limit
municipal sewer
households (≤ 10 p.e.)
> 40 m licence for discharge
firm or farm no limit licence for discharge
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Individual waste water treatment facility
• Type of treatment system– Discharge on soil or surface water– Classification (depending on sensitiveness of surroundings and
type/scale of settlement)– Septic tank, compact systems (biorotor, submerged bed,
activated sludge system), sand infiltration systems or constructed wetlands
• Certification (construction, supervision of construction, design and functioning)
• Maintenance and supervision