Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Selecting Cool Season Species and Varieties
for SportsDr. Leah A. BrilmanResearch Director
Seed Research of Oregon
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Species SelectionTypical problems
Wear at goal mouth
Wear in middle of field
Wear near sidelines
Short repair times
Repair only at difficult times
Repair during play
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Species SelectionGoal -Sports Turf Usage
Type of Sport
Football, soccer, baseball, field hockey
Season(s) of play
Type of construction - sand, soil
Time for renovation/repair
Budget for construction and maintenance
Other uses of field
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Species SelectionTurf characteristics for Sports Turf
Wear tolerant
Fast establishment
Rapid recovery
Lateral stability
Stable footing
Tolerant of mowing height
Diesease tolerant
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Species SelectionImportant characteristics for Sports
Turf
Low light tolerant
Winter active growth
Drought tolerant
Good aesthetics
Nice color
Good mowing quality
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Cool-season Species for SportsBluegrass species
Kentucky bluegrass
Texas x Kentucky bluegrass
Poa supina
Ryegrass
Perennial
Transitional
Tall fescue
Deschampsia
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Types of Kentucky BluegrassesCompact Types CELA Type
Compact BVMG Type
Midnight Shamrock type
America Cheri Type
Aggressive Type Julia Type
Bellevue Type Common Type
Mid-Atlantic Type Other Type
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Types of Kentucky BluegrassesSelection of type of bluegrass for sports
NJ Wear - Spring, summer and fall wear
High performers Low performers
Compact America
Midnight BVMG
Julia Cheri
Aggressive Common
Mid-Atlantic
Repeat with wear, compaction different seasons
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Types of Kentucky BluegrassesSelection of type of bluegrass for sports
WI Wear trial - fall wear
Combined with perennial ryegrass varying percentages
Only obtained 50% KBG with less than 15% rye
No difference between Midnight types, BVMG types, Aggressive types
Common types less wear tolerant
Midnight, Fairfax more dominant in blends
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Types of Kentucky BluegrassesMA Wear trial - unirrigated, no fungicides
Wear 75 passes over 4 days late Oct. - real life?
Shear strength in September
No consistent pattern of variety type
Little correlation shear strength and wear
No correlation with Rutgers except Avalanche and P-105. Others - Bedazzled, Brooklawn, Bedazzled, Baritone
Highest rated shear and wear low rated at Rutgers - Blue Sapphire
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Types of Kentucky BluegrassesIA Wear trial - 1996-2000 NTEP
Cheri type - Serene
Other - Coventry, Chateau
Common - Kenblue
America - America, good - Unique, Brilliant, Apollo, Showcase
Midnight - Rugby II, good - Midnight, Award, Nustar, NuGlade
Shamrock- Champagne
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Compact TypesCompact, Midnight, America
Low, compact growth
High quality turf
1/2 inch cutting height
Excellent resistance to Leaf Spot
Long Winter dormancy
Variable under Summer stress
Often purple Winter color
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Compact Type CultivarsSR 2109 P-105
Ram I Diva
Moonshadow Platini
Wildwood Indigo
Moonlight Glade
Blackstone Alpine
Blacksburg Apex
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Midnight Type
Characteristics of compact type
Very dark green color
Late Spring green-up
Good heat tolerance
Susceptible to powdery mildew
Variable resistance to Summer Patch
Not good in shade sites
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Midnight Type CultivarsMidnight II Rugby II Ginney
Award Impact Awesome
Midnight Total Eclipse Barrister
Liberator Quantum Leap Beyond
Odyssey Absolute Impact
NuGlade Tsunami Excursion
NuDestiny Arcadia Bluestone
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Aggressive Type
Aggressive lateral growth
High shoot density
Very wear tolerant
Quickly knit sod and repair
May predominate in blend
Variable in other characteristics
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Aggressive Type Cultivars
P-105 Cheetah
Bariris A-34
Touchdown Mystic
LimousineNorthstar
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Julia TypeHigh turf quality
High density
Good Summer performance
Moderate Winter performance
Good Leaf Spot, Stripe Smut resistance
Susceptible to Brown Patch, Dollar Spot
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Julia Type Cultivars
Avalanche
Julia
Caliber
Ikone
PpH 7832
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
America Type
Characteristics of compact type
Finer leaf, higher density
Moderate Winter dormancy
Moderate Summer recovery
High Summer Patch resistance
Resistant to powdery mildew
Good in shade
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
America Type CultivarsShowcase Apollo
SR 2284 Brilliant
Kingfisher Langara
America Unique
Bedazzled Sonoma
Boutique Royale
Arrow Bordeaux
Glenmont Mallard
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Mid-Atlantic TypeDeep, extensive roots and rhizomes
Vigorous turf & medium-high density
High Summer stress tolerance
Early Spring green-up
Good Winter performance
Rapid recovery from disease
Leaf spot susceptible except: SR 2000 and Preakness
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Mid-Atlantic Type Cultivars
SR 2000 Livingston
Monopoly Bel-21
Preakness Plush
Eagleton Wabash
Cabernet
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Shamrock TypeModerate Winter color
Good resistance to Leaf Spot
Good turf quality and sod strength
Billbug susceptible
High seed yields
Less stemmy than BVMG types
Summer performance variable
Large seed - quick germination
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Shamrock Type Cultivars
SR 2100
Shamrock
Champagne
Parkland
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
BVMG Type
High seed yields
Medium-good turf
Stripe Smut susceptible
Medium low growth
Large seed - quick germ
Medium wide leaves
Very stemmy turf
Poor Winter performance
Billbug susceptible
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
BVMG Type CultivarsBaron Nassau
Victa Raven
Merit Marquis
Gnome BlueChip
Dragon Fortuna
Abbey Goldrush
BlueStar Crest
Cannon
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Common Type(Midwest Ecotypes)
Erect growth and narrow leaf blades
Good Summer stress tolerance (may go dormant)
High Leaf Spot susceptibility
Poor Winter color and performance
Early seed production
Good for soil stabilization/conservation
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Common Type(Midwest Ecotypes)
Kenblue Huntsville
S-21 Park
Geary Piedmont
Alene Greenley
Ginger Garfield
South Dakota Cert
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Texas X Kentucky bluegrass• Texas bluegrass heat and drought tolerant, extensive
and deep rhizomes
• Kentucky bluegrass turf quality
• 1st generation low fertility, low germination
• Backcrossed to Kentucky bluegrass
• More extensive rhizomes
• Greater heat and drought tolerance
• Must evaluate for diseases, germination vigor, apomixis
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Texas x Kentucky bluegrassMany first hybrids poor germination
Thermal Blue = HB 129 = BH00-6002
Improved establishment
High shear strength
Excellent rhizomes = good recovery
Good wear tolerance in Ohio - not high Rutgers
Additional new hybrids with good establishment, high drought tolerance
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Texas X Kentucky bluegrass• Rhizomes on young
spaced plants
• Deep rhizomes contribute to recovery
• Bluegrass usage further south
• Top rated for shear strength NTEP
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Poa supina bluegrassVery wear tolerant
Very shade tolerant
Fast coverage, aggressive
Current material light green
Used for sports turf in Northern climates
Needs
Darker color and heat tolerance
Improved establishment, especially during play
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Perennial ryegrassAdvantages in mixtures
Quick establishment
Very dark green color
Resistant to different diseases than KBG/TF
Endophyte-enhanced
Disadvantages in mixtures
Overdominate other components
Bunch-type growth
Reduced stress tolerance
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Perennial ryegrassAdvantages and varietal needsRapid establishment - Best species for establishment
during playWinter-active growth for many uses
Daylength-dependent dwarf types less suitableLess slickness (interspecific crosses)Decumbent, spreading growth - superior in Europe for
repairTrials at STRI, WSU, MO, NYReduce nitrogen requirementsBest in regular trials may not be best in wear trialsSeason of play, establishment important
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Perennial ryegrassHighest rated NTEP Athletic field management without traffic
MACH 1 (ROBERTS-627) APPLAUD (PENNINGTON-11301)
PIZZAZZ SR 4220 (SRX 4801)
ALL STAR2 (CIS-PR-78) JET
CHARISMATIC (LTP 98-501) PINNACLE II (BAR 9 B2)
GATOR 3 (CIS-PR-85) KOKOMO (CIS-PR-69)
CITATION FORE (PST-2BR) PENTIUM (NJ-6401)
SUNKISSED (ABT-99-4.834) AMAZING (B1)
SR 4420 (SRX 4820) GRAND SLAM 2L96 (PST-2L96)
ARRIVAL (CIS-PR-84) INSPIRE (R8000)
BLAZER IV (PICK MDR) SEVILLE II
SR 4500 HAWKEYE (SRX 4RHT)
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Perennial ryegrassHighest rated four traffic sites in NTEP Trial
CITATION FORE (PST-2BR)* MACH 1 (ROBERTS-627*
COURAGE (MB 410) MANHATTAN 4 (PST-2CRL
RACER II (PICK RC2) SR 4500*
PENTIUM (NJ-6401)* GRAND SLAM 2L96 (PST-2L96)*
SR 4220 (SRX 4801)* SR 4350 (APR 1237)
GATOR 3 (CIS-PR-85) PACESETTER (6011)*
STELLAR (CIS-PR-72 RADIANT
EXACTA BLAZER IV (PICK MDR)*
KOKOMO (CIS-PR-69)* CATALINA II (PST-CATS)*
SEVILLE II* FIESTA 3
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Perennial ryegrassGray leaf spot resistanceImportant in MidWest, transitional zone and now
CaliforniaCalifornia reports in both permanent and
overseeded turfSeedlings most vulnerableWarm, moist conditions, especially with less hours
of sunlightRapid advances in resistance
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Gray Leaf Spot ResistanceRutgers University - 2001 Trial 1-9, 9 = Best
2001 2001
Cultivar GLS Res. Quality
Peregrine (1425) 7.0 6.4
Integra 6.0 6.1
Pinnacle II 5.0 5.1
AllStar 2 4.8 5.5
Brightstar II 4.3 4.0
Calypso II 3.7 3.3
Fiesta 3 3.3 3.4
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Gray Leaf Spot ResistanceRutgers University - 2002 Trial 1-9, 9 = Best
2002 2002
Cultivar GLS Res. Quality
MS1 Comp. 8.0 7.0
Integra Select. 7.0 5.2
SR 4550 (1557) 7.0 4.3
Integra 5.7 3.3
Amazing 5.0 3.5
Pizzazz 4.3 3.2
LSD@5% 1.4 1.0
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Gray Leaf Spot Resistance
2004 Perennial ryegrass
NTEP Gray leaf spot -
Rutgers University
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Transitional ryegrassAdvantages in mixtures
Very quick establishment
Less expensive seed
Lasts only one to two seasons
Germination and growth at cooler temp.
Moderate green color
Improved mowing quality
Less mowing requirement than annual
Does not overdominate mixtures
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Transitional ryegrassPercent Cover Annual, Transitional, Perennial + mixtures.
Seeded Feb. 20, 2004. Puyallup, WA.
Treatment March March April April April April 12 25 2 9 16 22
Axcella AR 26.7 50.0 68.3 91.7 98.3 100 Transeze TR 23.3 48.3 70.0 90.0 95.0 100 PR Blend 8.3 23.3 53.3 53.3 76.7 95TR + PR 21.7 38.3 70.0 85.0 100 100 AR + PR 25.0 43.3 71.7 90.0 98.3 100
LSD@5% 10.2 12.7 11.7 24.9 0 0
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Tall FescueExcellent wear tolerance once established
Speed of establishment
New data Ohio State - new varieties can maintain quality with wear after 15 weeks, spring establishment
Speed of repair
Rhizomes in new varieties may help
Drought tolerance useful many sites
Need more winter-active growth
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Tall FescueHighest rated NTEP traffic in New Jersey
DOMINION OLYMPIC GOLD
ELISA APACHE III (PST-5A1)
TULSA II (ATF 706) SR 8550 (SRX 8BE4)
MASTERPIECE EXPEDETION (ATF-803)
JAGUAR 3 SILVERSTAR (PST-5ASR)
ENDEAVOR FOCUS
TAR HEEL TEMPEST
BINGO RENDITION
TITAN LTD. NINJA 2 (ATF-800)
SR 8600 TAR HEEL II (PST-5TR1)
TOMAHAWK GT WYATT
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Tall FescueHighest rated NTEP traffic in St. Louis, MO
ULTIMATE (01-RUTOR2) GUARDIAN-21 (ROBERTS DOL)
PADRE (NJ4) 2ND MILLENNIUM
AVENGER (L1Z) BLACKWATCH (PICK-OD3-01)
BINGO FIREBIRD (CIS-TF-65)
DAVINCI (LTP-7801) FINESSE II
FORTE (BE-2) GRANDE II
PICASSO MATADOR GT (PST-5TUO)
REBEL EXEDA SILVERSTAR (PST-5ASR)
SR 8550 (SRX 8BE4) ESCALADE (01-ORU1)
BILTMORE CONSTITUTION (ATF-593)
INFERNO (JT-99) JAGUAR 3
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Rhizome Reproduction• Underground repair
• Kentucky bluegrass, creeping red fescue, bermudagrass
• Present on certain tall fescues, observed on plants
• Wear, divot repair
• Soil compaction, season influence repair
Use this slide if you are going to use a picture. To make a presentation interesting, you should have images on at least 50% of the slides. Without visuals, you will quickly put people to sleep. You might anyway, but you have a better chance of keeping their attention if you use some nice visuals. Pictures can make the presentation look more professional.
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Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Tall Fescue Turf Rhizome• 4 inch wide divot cut May 4 , 6
weeks growth
• Tall fescue rhizome 3 inches
from mother plant
• Not as many as in bluegrass
• More rhizomes observed in fall than spring
Use this slide if you are going to use a picture. To make a presentation interesting, you should have images on at least 50% of the slides. Without visuals, you will quickly put people to sleep. You might anyway, but you have a better chance of keeping their attention if you use some nice visuals. Pictures can make the presentation look more professional.
Delete this text and place picture in same area, lining picture up with top of yellow text.
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Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Tall Fescue Turf Rhizome• 6 week divot
repair sand
• 2 week divot repair sand
Use this slide if you are going to use a picture. To make a presentation interesting, you should have images on at least 50% of the slides. Without visuals, you will quickly put people to sleep. You might anyway, but you have a better chance of keeping their attention if you use some nice visuals. Pictures can make the presentation look more professional.
Delete this text and place picture in same area, lining picture up with top of yellow text.
Use 72dpi jpgs images.
To shrink picture proportionally once it’s on the slide:
1. Click on the picture (note corner handles).
2. Hold down the Shift key, then press and drag a corner handle towards the middle of the picture.
3. Release the Shift key first then the mouse.
Grande II Labarinth
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Wear tolerance 50 passes OH
Table 2: Wear Tolerance Rating* after 50 passes (25 events)Treatment Name Wear Tol. 1.5”
Mowing HeightWear Tol. 3”
Mowing HeightLabyrinth RTF™ 3.0 2.6Grande TF 5.8 5.6HB129 Texas BG x KBG hybrid 6.1 6.0Orfeo KBG 4.6 5.3Aberelf + SR4420 PRG 6.3 6.0Spring Green Festulolium 3.6 3.3Barfest Festulolium 3.0 3.3Showcase KBG + fine fescues 4.3 4.3Nexus PRG 5.8 5.3Rendition TF 5.6 6.0Titan, Kittyhawk + Rendition TF 4.3 5.3Winter Active Fescue (WAF) 5.0 5.0Grande ll TF + Rugby ll KBG 6.0 6.3Rugby ll KBG + Renaissance PRG 6.1 6.1Barlennium PRG 6.5 5.6Bariris KBG 7.6 7.8LSD (0.05) 1.6 1.6
Treatment Name Wear Tol. 1.5” Mowing Height Wear Tol. 3” Mowing HeightBariris KBG 7.6 7.8Grande ll TF + Rugby ll KBG 6.0 6.3Rugby ll KBG + Renaissance PRG 6.1 6.1Aberelf + SR4420 PRG 6.3 6.0Thermal Blue Texas x KBG hybrid 6.1 6.0Rendition TF 5.6 6.0Grande II TF 5.8 5.6Barlennium PRG 6.5 5.6Nexus PRG 5.8 5.3Orfeo KBG 4.6 5.3Titan, Kittyhawk + Rendition TF 4.3 5.3Winter Active Fescue (WAF) 5.0 5.0Showcase KBG + fine fescues 4.3 4.3Spring Green Festulolium 3.6 3.3Barfest Festulolium 3.0 3.3Labyrinth RTF™ 3.0 2.6LSD (0.05) 1.6 1.6
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Tall FescueBest results when blended with Kentucky bluegrass - 85 to 90% Tall
fescue
Blending with Texas x Kentucky hybrids may be useful in stress sites
Brown patch reduced in blends
Establish in spring or late summer
Provide protection against Pythium and seedling brown patch
Overseed on yearly basis - Before or after play preferred. Use Transitional ryegrass to patch.
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Deschampsia cespitosa
Common name is tufted hairgrass
Circumpolar native
Extends around the globe in the northern hemisphere
Middle latitudes found at high altitudes
Native in Australia, New Zealand, Argentina
Native to United States and Canada
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Tufted Hairgrass Attributes suggesting turf potential
• First colonizer of disturbed sites
• Tolerant of very low light levels
• Found in low nitrogen sites
• Waterlogged sites with high ammonium
• Sites with heavy wear
• Acid soil, salt and heavy metal tolerant
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Winter wear tolerance Bluegrass STRI Bingley, UK. Merit Dec. 1997, Wear applied from October. Seeded June 1996. Kentucky bluegrass, tufted hairgrass, Poa supina and Poa trivialis.
Dec. Dec.Cultivar Merit Cultivar Merit
Supra Poa supina5.8 Miracle KBG 2.5
Barcampsia TH 4.8 Solo Poa trivialis 2.5
Julia KBG 4.8 Conni KBG 2.2
Albany KBG 4.5 Princeton 2.2
Limousine KBG 4.5 Unique KBG 2.0
Ikone KBG 4.0 Asset KBG 2.0
Broadway KBG 4.0 NuGlade KBG 1.5
Haga KBG 2.8 Award KBG 1.5
LSD @ 5% 0.9
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Winter wear tolerance w/ high nitrogen STRI Bingley, UK. Mean Nov. and Dec. 2000, Wear applied from October. Seeded June 2000. Perennial rye and tufted hairgrass.
2000 2000Cultivar Quality Cultivar Quality
SR 6000 (Voyager) TH 7.0 Gator II PR 6.0
Essence PR 6.5 AberImp PR 5.8
Churchill PR 6.5 Barclay PR 5.3
Repell PR 6.5 Charger II PR 5.2
BAR DC 710-2 TH 6.3 Advent PR 5.2
Barcampsia TH 6.2 Elka PR 4.5
Manhattan II PR 6.2 Superstar PR 4.3
Paragon PR 6.2 Master 4.2
Secretariat 6.0 LSD @ 5% 1.2
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Winter wear tolerance w/ low nitrogen STRI Bingley, UK. Mean Nov. and Dec. 2000, Wear applied from October. Seeded June 2000. Perennial rye and tufted hairgrass.
2000 2000Cultivar Quality Cultivar Quality
Ritmo PR 6.7 AberImp PR 5.8
SR 6000 (Voyager) TH 6.7 Advent PR 6.0
Churchill PR 6.5 Secreteriat PR 5.8
BAR DC 710-2 TH 6.5 Repell PR 5.5
Barcampsia TH 6.5 Yorktown III PR 5.5
Essence PR 6.2 Elka PR 5.3
Paragon PR 6.2 Manhattan II PR 4.7
Gator II PR 6.0 Charger II PR 4.3
LSD @ 5% 0.9
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
1997 Fine Fescue NTEP Shade trials. Mean of MI and NE. 1999 Data.
Shade ShadeCultivar Mean Cultivar Mean
Quatro SF 6.8 SR 6000 TH 6.0
Jasper II STCRF 6.5 Banner III CF 6.0
Pathfinder 6.4 Manhattan II PR 6.2
SR 5100 CF 6.3 Discovery HF 5.6
Oxford HF 6.2 Jamestown II CF 5.6
Dawson E+ SLCRF 6.1 SR 3200 BF 5.3
Brittany 6.1 Shadow II CF 5.2
Attilla E HF 6.0 Treazure CF 4.4
LSD @ 5% 1.1
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Tufted hairgrass Use for turf in Pacific Northwest
Primary sports trials in England. Lower light intensity in winter than PNW.
Used in shaded sports fields in UK and Europe.
Blended with different species depending on
site conditions.
Bluegrass use only rust/shade tolerant
Tall fescue non-irrigated sites
Perennial ryegrass - watch seed rates
Seed Research of Oregon Improving Turfgrass through Research
Final recommendations Each sports site is unique
Stadium shading complicates recommendations
Most trials in full sun - Puyallup data useful
Most turf trials on soil - look for those on sand
Balance local varietal performance data with wear trial data
Breeders are working on new varieties and new species for sports turf
Work with local sod grower to have replacement turf available - cheaper than artificial