Download - School Incident Management Presentation
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NIMS & ICS Principles
Applied to School-Based Emergencies!
Presented by David Kondrup
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How Many Incidents May Be School-Based
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Bad Weather (Natural Events)
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Threatening Calls
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Threats By Letters or Post Cards
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Chemical / Lab Accidents
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Health RelatedFlu or Other Illnesses
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Transportation Accident
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FireAt your facility
Or near your facility
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School Violence
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School Violence
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Incidents Can Also Be Graduation Sporting Events, or any Large Gathering
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Emergency Management For Schools
• In it’s Lessons Learned Information Sharing forum the DHS recommends to School Administrators that they consider the following:
– An All-Hazards Approach to Planning– The National Incident Management System (ICS)– The Phases of Emergency Management– Community Collaboration– The Challenges facing School Emergency Planning
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Introduction to NIMS
• The National Incident Management System (NIMS) is the United States’ system for managing domestic incidents.
• NIMS is mandated by Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5
• NIMS enables community organizations, such as schools, to coordinate the management of incidents with emergency responders across all jurisdictions and functions.
• Improves coordination and cooperation between entities using a standardized set of concepts, principles and terminology.
NIMS
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NIMS Concepts and Principles
• Flexible framework that applies to all phases of incident management.
• Standardized organizational structures, processes, procedures and systems to promote interoperability
NIMS
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Six Key Components to NIMS1. Command and Management
• Incident Command System (ICS)• Multi-agency coordination systems• Public information systems
2. Preparedness• Planning, training, exercises• Personnel qualification and certification standards• Equipment acquisition and certification standards
3. Resource management• Standards for describing, inventorying, tracking resources
4. Communications and information management• Interoperability
5. Supporting Technologies
6. Ongoing Management & Maintenance
NIMS
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NIMS Compliance-School Districts**NIMS Compliance Center Guidance
• Since school districts are an integral part of local government, their use of NIMS should be achieved in close coordination with other components of the local government. School districts are not traditional response organizations and more typically are recipients of first responder services provided by fire and rescue, emergency medical and law enforcement agencies. This traditional relationship should be acknowledged in achieving NIMS compliance within an integrated local government plan for NIMS compliance. School district participation in local government's NIMS preparedness program is essential to ensure that first responder services are delivered to schools in a timely and effective manner.
• Schools and Districts that receive federal emergency preparedness grants are required to comply with NIMS requirements; those that do not receive these grants are not required to adopt NIMS.
• School safety experts strongly encourage all schools to become NIMS compliant.
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Introduction to ICS for SchoolsIS-100-SC
• FEMA’s Emergency Management Institute in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Education developed a course to promote school safety by:
– Familiarizing you with how ICS principles can be applied in school-based incidents.
– Preparing you to interface with community response personnel.
http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/IS/IS100SC.asp
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NIMS & Incident Command System
• Multiple Levels of Activation
National Response Plan
City/County Emergency Plan
School District Emergency Plan
School Site Plan
State Emergency Plan
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Universal for all Incident Types
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Incident Command System Definition• The Incident Command System
(ICS) is a management system designed to enable effective and efficient incident management by integrating a combination of facilities, equipment standards and an incident management organization with five functional areas (command, operations, planning, logistics and finance & administration) for the management of all major incidents.
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School and School District
ICSICSFirst Responders (Fire, Police,
EMT)
Partners(Mental & Public Health, Parents,
Media, etc.)
Incident Command SystemIncident Command System
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ICS Impact on Local Agencies• All response agencies must use ICS.
• Personnel will be required to meet national qualification and certification standards to support an incident that transcends interstate jurisdictions.
• State and local jurisdictions will be strongly encouraged to implement mutual aid agreements.
ICS
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ICS Applications
• Fires, hazardous materials releases, oil spills, and multi-casualty incidents
• Multi-jurisdictional and multi-agency disasters
• Search and rescue operations
• Law enforcement incidents
• Natural disasters
• Planned events
ICS
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ICS Organization
No correlation with the administrative structure of any other agency or jurisdiction. ICS organization’s uniqueness helps to avoid confusion over different position titles and organizational structures. Someone who serves as a chief every day may not hold that title when deployed under an ICS structure.
ICS
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Integrated Management StructureICS
Logistics Section
Finance/ Administration
Section
Operations Section
Planning Section
Incident Command
Public Information
Officer
Safety Officer
Liaison Officer
Command Staff:The Command Staff provide Information, Safety, and Liaison services for the entire organization.
General Staff:The General Staff are assigned functional authority for Operations, Planning, Logistics, and Finance/ Administration.
Logistics Section
Finance/ Administration
Section
Operations Section
Planning Section
Incident Command
Public Information
Officer
Safety Officer
Liaison Officer
Command Staff:The Command Staff provide Information, Safety, and Liaison services for the entire organization.
General Staff:The General Staff are assigned functional authority for Operations, Planning, Logistics, and Finance/ Administration.
Intelligence Section
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Modular Organization
– Develops in a top-down, modular fashion based on:
• size and complexity of the incident.
• hazard environment created by the incident.
ICS
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Modular Organization
– Incident objectives determine organizational size.
– Only fill necessary functions/positions.
– Each element must have a person in charge.
ICS
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Basic Incident Command System at a School
Public In form ation O fficerC o o rd in a tes a ll m e d ia re lea se s,
su p po rt u su a lly p ro vid e d b y the d is tric t.
Safety O fficer(School Security Staff, School Resource Officer
or designated staff)E n sure s th a t a ll a c tion s a re d o ne sa fe ly.
Liaison O fficerA ss ists resp o nd in g a g en c ies from o uts ide
th e sch o o l w ith in fo rm atio n .
O perationsC a res fo r stu d en ts a nd
ca rries o u t u n iversa l an d sp e c if icp ro ce d u re s an d pro toco ls.
PlanningC o llec ts a n d e va lu a tes in fo rm a tiona s re la te d to th e d eve lo p m e nt o f an
in c ide n t a n d s ta tu s o f reso u rce s.
LogisticsS e cure s a n d p rov id es
n e e de d m a te ria ls , re sou rce s, se rv icesa n d p e rso nn e l.
Finance & Adm inistrationT ra cks in c ide n t cos ts fo r re im b u rsem e nt
a ccou n ting . (Im p orta n t in tra ck ing cos ts wh e rea s ta te o r fe d era l "d isas te r a re a" is de c la re d .)
Incident C om m ander(Principal or Designee)
In ch a rge o f o ve ra ll m a n ag m e n t o f an em erg en cy.
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Sample School or School District Incident Command System Organization
P u b lic In fo rm ation O fficer
Student Supervision
Health Services/First Aid
Search and Rescue
Student/Parent Reunification
O p era tio ns
Next Steps Planning
Facility M anager
Recorder
P lann ing
Food Services
Transportation
L o g is tics
Insurance Claims
Personnel
Legal
F in an ce & A d m in is tration
In c iden t C om m an der an d In c iden t C o m m an d T eam
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Basic ICS Organization Chart(Think of this as your building or crisis team)
Operations"Do Stuff"
Logistics"Get Stuff"
Planning/Intellegence"Plan Stuff"
Adm inistration/Finance"Buy Stuff"
Inc ident com m ander"In C harge"
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Common Terminology
• Reduce confusion between day-to-day activities and incident response duties.
• Common terminology
• Plain English
ICS
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Formal Communication
PlanningSection Chief
PlanningSection Chief
LogisticsSection Chief
LogisticsSection Chief
Finance/AdminSection Chief
Finance/AdminSection Chief
BranchDirectorBranchDirector
Air OperationsBranch DirectorAir Operations
Branch Director
IncidentCommander
IncidentCommander
SafetyOfficerSafetyOfficer
LiaisonOfficerLiaisonOfficer
Public InformationOfficer
Public InformationOfficer
Command Staff
General Staff
Service Branch Director
Service Branch Director
SupportBranch Director
SupportBranch Director
OperationsSection ChiefOperations
Section Chief
Formal Communication
ICS
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When To Use Formal Communication
•Use formal communication when:– Receiving and giving work
assignments. – Requesting support or
additional resources.– Reporting progress of
assigned tasks.
ICS
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Informal Communication
– Is used to exchange incident or event information only.
– Is NOT used for:• Formal requests for additional resources.• Tasking work assignments.
Within the ICS organization, critical information must flow freely!
ICS
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Chain of Command
Chain of command is an orderly line of authority within the ranks of the incident management organization.
Authority
ICS
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Unity of Command
•Under unity of command, personnel:– Report to only one supervisor. – Receive work assignments only from
their supervisors.
ICS
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Unified Command
– Enables all responsible agencies to manage an incident together
– Establishes common incident objectives and strategies.
– Single command structure allows Incident Commanders to analyze intelligence and make joint decisions.
– Maintains unity of command. Each employee reports to only one supervisor.
Incident Command Post
Agency 1 Agency 2 Agency 3
Agency 1 Incident
Commander
Agency 2 Incident
Commander
Agency 3 Incident
Commander
ICS
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Unified Command Structure
Unified Command(Representatives From Local
Jurisdictions)
Finance/ Administratio
n
LogisticsPlanningOperations
Unified Command does not change other features of ICS.
ICS
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SchoolIncident Commander
(Principal)
School DistrictIncident Commander
(Superintendent,Security Director)
County/CityIncident Commander
(Police/Fire)
School SiteCrisis/EmergencyResponse Team
Or (IMT)
PublicInformation
Officer
District Emergency Operations
Committee (EOC)
Unified Command for a School Emergency
City/CountyIncident Management
Team (IMT)
PublicInformation
Officer
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Area Command
• Sets overall strategy and priorities• Allocates resources• Ensures proper management
– Objectives are met– Strategies are followed
• Does not include Operations Section (On-scene)• Examples
– Major incident with multiple ICPs– Health emergency that is not site specific
ICS
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Area Command
Area Command
ICP 1 ICP 2 ICP 3
Area Command
Planning Logistics Finance/ Administration
Configuration with multiple ICPs
Configuration without ICP
ICS
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Manageable Span of Control
•Span of control: The number of individuals or resources that one supervisor can manage effectively during an incident.
•May vary from 3 to 7
subordinates reporting
to a supervisor.•Optimum – 5 subordinates
to one supervisor.Resource 2Resource 2
Resource 3Resource 3Resource 1Resource 1
SupervisorSupervisor
ICS
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Organizational Facilities
• Incident Command Post– Tactical level on-scene incident command and
management organization– Located at safe distance but close enough to maintain
command• Staging Area
– Temporary location of available resources not immediately assigned
• Base – Location of primary support activities– Location of Logistics Section– Can support multiple incident sites
ICS
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Organizational Facilities
• Camp– Satellite support sites for food, rest,
sanitation, maintenance, etc.
• Helibase– Main facility to support helicopter operations
• Helispot– Satellite facility to support local helicopter
operations (i.e., school yard used for med-evac operations)
ICS
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Position Titles
•ICS position titles:– Provide a common standard for performance
expectations.– Help to ensure that qualified individuals fill
positions.– Standardize communication.– Describe the responsibilities of the position.
ICS
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Task Force
• Combination of unlike resources
• Must have a leader
• Must have communications
• Must have transportation
• Must be within span of control limits
ICS
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Fire Suppression Task ForceICS
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Strike Team• Same type and kind of resources
• Must have a leader
• Must have communications
• Must have transportation (as required)
• Must be within span of control limits
ICS
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Dozer Strike TeamICS
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Advantages of Task Forces & Strike Teams
• Helps maintain effective span of control
• Assists with resource accountability
• More effective use of resources
• Effective way of ordering resources
• Reduces radio traffic
ICS
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Incident Commander
• First responsible person on the scene
• Responsible for on-scene incident management until relieved by a more qualified person or authority is delegated to another person.
• Only position that is always staffed in ICS applications
ICS
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Scope of Authority
•An Incident Commander's scope of authority is derived:– From existing laws and
agency policies and procedures, and/or
– Through a delegation of authority from the agency administrator or elected official.
ICS
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Authority
•Authority is . . . . . . a right or obligation to act on behalf
of a department, agency, or jurisdiction.
ICS
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Delegation of Authority – Grants authority to carry out
specific functions.– Issued by chief elected official,
chief executive officer, or agency administrator in writing or verbally.
– Allows the Incident Commander to assume command.
– Does NOT relieve the granting authority of the ultimate responsibility for the incident.
Incident Commander
Superintendent
ICS
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Delegation of Authority is Needed
– If the incident is outside the Incident Commander’s home jurisdiction.
– When the incident scope is complex or beyond existing authorities.
– If required by law or procedures.
ICS
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Delegation of Authority is Not Needed
•If the Incident Commander is acting within his or her existing authorities.
•An emergency manager may already have the authority to deploy response resources to a small flash flood.
•A fire chief probably has the authority (as part of the job description) to serve as an Incident Commander at a structure fire.
ICS
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Delegation of Authority: Elements
•Should include:– Legal authorities and restrictions.
– Financial authorities and restrictions.
– Reporting requirements.
– Demographic issues.
– Political implications.
– Agency or jurisdictional priorities.
– Plan for public information management.
– Process for communications.
– Plan for ongoing incident evaluation.
Delegation of Authority
ICS
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Incident Commander Role
•The Incident Commander:
– Provides overall leadership for incident response.
– Delegates authority to others.
– Takes general direction from agency administrator/official.
ICS
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Incident Commander Responsibilities
•The Incident Commander is specifically responsible for:– Ensuring incident safety. – Providing information services to
internal and external stakeholders. – Establishing and maintaining
liaison with other agencies participating in the incident.
ICS
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Incident Commander Responsibilities
• Managing Incident Priorities
– Life Safety (victims and responders)
– Incident Stability
– Preservation of property and environment
ICS
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Incident Commander Responsibilities
•The Incident Commander: – Is responsible for all activities and functions
until delegated and assigned to staff.– Assesses need for staff.– Establishes incident objectives.– Directs staff to develop
the Incident Action Plan.
Incident Commander
ICS
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Changing Incident Commanders
• Command may change to meet the needs of the incident when incidents:– Expand or contract.– Change in jurisdiction or discipline.– Become more or less complex.
• A higher ranking person may assume, maintain or reassign command•This is a formal process.
ICS
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Transferring Incident Commanders
•Transfer of command requires:– A transfer of command briefing for
the incoming Incident Commander.
– Notification to all personnel
that a change in command is taking place.
ICS
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Command & General StaffICS
Logistics Section
Finance/ Administration
Section
Operations Section
Planning Section
Incident Command
Public Information
Officer
Safety Officer
Liaison Officer
Command Staff:The Command Staff provide Information, Safety, and Liaison services for the entire organization.
General Staff:The General Staff are assigned functional authority for Operations, Planning, Logistics, and Finance/ Administration.
Logistics Section
Finance/ Administration
Section
Operations Section
Planning Section
Incident Command
Public Information
Officer
Safety Officer
Liaison Officer
Command Staff:The Command Staff provide Information, Safety, and Liaison services for the entire organization.
General Staff:The General Staff are assigned functional authority for Operations, Planning, Logistics, and Finance/ Administration.
Intelligence Section
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Command Staff•It may be necessary for the Incident Commander to designate a Command Staff who:– Provide information, liaison, and safety services
for the entire organization.– Report directly to the Incident Commander.
IncidentCommander
IncidentCommander
SafetyOfficerSafetyOfficer
LiaisonOfficerLiaisonOfficer
Public InformationOfficer
Public InformationOfficer
Command Staff
ICS
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Public Information Officer (PIO)
• Advises Incident Commander on information dissemination and media relations. Incident Commander approves information that the PIO releases.
Incident Commander
Obtains information from and provides information to Planning Section.
Planning Section Chief
Public Information
Officer
Obtains information from and provides information to community and media.
Community and Media
ICS
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Safety Officer
Advises Incident Commander on issues regarding incident safety.
Incident Commander
Works with Operations to ensure safety of field personnel. Operations Section
Chief
Ensures safety of all incident personnel.Incident Personnel
Safety Officer
Only Command Staff member who can countermand the IC
ICS
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Liaison Officer
Assists Incident Commander by serving as point of contact for agency representatives who are helping to support the operation.
Incident Commander
Liaison Officer
Provides briefings to and answers questions from supporting agencies.
Agency Representative
ICS
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Incident Action Plan
•Required MBO tool for every incident to:– Specify incident objectives.– State activities to be completed. – Cover a specified timeframe, or operational
period.
•May be oral or written—except for hazardous materials incidents, which require a written IAP.
ICS
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Incident Action Plan Elements
– What do we want to do? – Who is responsible for doing it? – How do we communicate with each
other? – What is the procedure if someone
is injured?
ICS
Use standard form ICS-201 Incident Briefing form to document IAP
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Operational Period Briefing
– Conducted at the beginning of each operational period.
– Presents the Incident Action Plan to supervisors within the Operations Section.
– Should be concise.
– May be referred to as the shift briefing.
ICS
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Operational Period Briefing
– Planning Section Chief: Reviews the agenda and facilitates the briefing.
– Incident Commander: Presents incident objectives or confirms existing objectives.
Note: Objectives may be presented by the Planning Section Chief.
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Briefing Checklist
Situation Mission/Execution Communications Service/Support Risk Management Questions or Concerns
ICS
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After Action Review
• Required after every event – actual or drill
• Leads to a corrective action plan.
• Used to improve basic plan, annexes and Standard Operating Procedures
ICS
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Multi-agency Coordination Systems
• A combination of resources
• Integrated into a common framework
• Used to coordinate and support incident management activities
• Examples– Interagency Incident Management Group (IIMG) – Joint Field Office– Emergency Operations Center
Command & Management
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Multiagency Coordination Systems
• Support incident management policies and priorities
• Facilitate logistics support and resource tracking
• Make resource allocation decisions based on incident management priorities
• Coordinate incident-related information• Coordinate interagency and intergovernmental
issues regarding incident management policies, priorities, and strategies
Command & Management
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EOC Organization
EOC Manager
Coordination Communications
Resource Management
Information Management
NOTE: EOC organization does NOT include Operations Section
Command & Management
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Mutual-Aid Agreements
•NIMS states that:– Mutual-aid agreements are the means
for one jurisdiction to provide resources, facilities, services, and other required support to another jurisdiction during an incident.
– Each jurisdiction should be party to a mutual-aid agreement with appropriate jurisdictions from which they expect to receive or to which they expect to provide assistance during an incident.
Command & Management
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Mutual-Aid Agreements– Mutual aid is the voluntary
provision of resources by agencies or organizations to assist each other when existing resources are inadequate.
– When combined with NIMS-oriented resource management, mutual aid allows jurisdictions to share resources among mutual-aid partners.
Command & Management
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Preparedness Plans
•The most common preparedness plans are:
– Preparedness Plans
– Emergency Operations Plans (EOPs).
– Standard operating guidelines (SOGs).
– Standard operating procedures (SOPs).
– Jurisdictional or agency policies.
– Corrective Action and Mitigation Plans
– Recovery Plans
Preparedness
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– EOPs are developed at the Federal, State, and local levels to provide a uniform response to all hazards.
– EOPs written after October 2005 must be consistent with NIMS.
Preparedness
Emergency Operations Plans
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Preparedness Planning Responsibilities
• Establish/coordinate plans and protocols• Integrate/coordinate activities• Establish guidelines and protocols to
promote interoperability• Adopt guidelines for resource
management• Establish response priorities• Establish/maintain multiagency
coordination mechanisms
Preparedness
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Preparedness Planning
• Plans describe how resources will be used.
• Plans describe mechanisms for:– Setting priorities.– Integrating entities/functions.– Establishing relationships.– Ensuring that systems support all incident
management activities.
Preparedness
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Information Derived From Plans
•Plans may include information about:– Hazards and risks in the area. – Resources in the area.– Other formal agreements and plans.– Contact information for agency administrators
and response personnel.– Other pertinent information.
Preparedness
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Required Knowledge
•The Incident Commander, Command and General Staff members should have a working knowledge of all preparedness plans and agreements.
Preparedness
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NIMS Integration Center
Training and Exercises• Facilitate development and dissemination
of national standards, guidelines, and protocols.
• Facilitate use of modeling/simulation.• Define general training requirements and
approved courses.• Review/approve discipline-specific training
requirements.
Preparedness
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Resources
• Resources consist of all personnel and major items of equipment available for assignment to incidents
• Equipment resources will include the personnel required to operate them
Resource Management
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Resource Classifications
•Not available or ready to be assigned (e.g., maintenance issues, rest periods)
•Ready for immediate assignment and has been issued all required equipment
•Currently working on an assignment under the direction of a supervisor
Out-of-
Service
Available
Assigne
d
Resource Management
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•At any incident:– The situation must be assessed and the
response planned. – Managing resources safely and effectively is the
most important consideration.– Personnel and equipment should respond only
when requested or when dispatched by an appropriate authority.
MobilizationResource Management
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Communications &Information Management
• Common operating picture accessible across jurisdictions and functional agencies– Allows incident managers at all levels to make effective,
consistent decisions expeditiously– Ensures consistency at all levels of incident management
• Common communications and data standards to ensure accessibility and interoperability
Communications
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Supporting Technologies
• Provides an architecture for science and technology support to incident management– Interoperability and compatibility– Technology support– Technology standards– Broad-based requirements– Strategic planning for research and development
• Operational scientific support• Technical standards• Solving operational problems through
research and development
Technology
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– Check-In. • All responders must report in to:
– Ensure personnel accountability– Track resources– Prepare personnel for assignment– Locate personnel in case of emergency– Organize the demobilization process
• Personnel check in only once – upon arrival at the incident
• Following check-in, report to incident supervisor for assignment briefing
Record Keeping & Resource TrackingTechnology
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– Incident Action Plan. Response operations must be coordinated as outlined in the IAP.
– Unity of Command. Each individual will be assigned to only one supervisor.
Record Keeping & Resource TrackingTechnology
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Record Keeping & Resource Tracking
– Span of Control. Supervisors must be able to adequately supervise and control their subordinates, as well as communicate with and manage all resources under their supervision.
– Resource Tracking. Supervisors must record and report resource status changes as they occur.
Technology
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Ongoing Management & Maintenance
• All users and stakeholders can participate in NIMS Integration Center – Various levels of government– Functional disciplines– Private entities
• Process relies on – Lessons learned from actual incidents and exercises– Best practices across jurisdictions and functional
disciplines
Management
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More Information
• David [email protected]
• Adelphi University, Emergency Management Program
Contact Richard [email protected]