RUNWAY INCURSIONS In the NewsNearCollisionon
Runway•DEFINITIONS•STATISTICS•EVENTS - RESULTS/CAUSES•EVALUATOR EMPHASIS•AIRPORT SIGNAGE TEST•INTERNET RESOURCE
RUNWAY INCURSION
WHAT CAN YOU DO?
OBJECTIVE -
The FAA DEFINES--Any occurrence at an airport involving
an aircraft, vehicle, person, or object on
the ground that creates a collision hazard
or results in loss of separation with an
aircraft taking off or intending to
takeoff, landing, or intending to land.
GLOSSARYPILOT DEVIATION(PD)
OPERATIONAL ERROR(OE)
VEHICLE OR PEDESTRIAN
DEVIATION(VPD)
Runway IncursionStatistics
Data and Trends
0
50
100
150
200
250
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000187 223 281 242 219 186 200 240 275 292 325 321 429
Runway Incursions by Incursion Types
Note: CY 2000 data is preliminary and subject to change. Data valid as of January 9, 2001
Operational Errors Pilot Deviations
Vehicle/Pedestrian Deviations
260
Data and Trends
Operational Errors Pilot Deviations
Vehicle/Pedestrian Deviations
Runway Incursion Types per 100,000 Operations
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
Note: CY 2000 data is preliminary and subject to change. Data valid as of October 13, 2000
RUNWAY INCURSIONS RESULTING FROM PILOT DEVIATIONS
74%
18%
6% 2%
CY 1999
Part 91Part 121Part 135
Other
65%22%
8%5%
CY 1998
75%
20%
4%1%
CY 2000
Data and Trends
Note: CY 2000 data is preliminary and subject to change. Data valid as of January 9, 2001
OE20.5%
PD59.7%
VPD19.6%
Other.02%
Runway incursions during
CY 2000 429 total 429 total incursionsincursionsCY 2000CY 2000
Specific Runway Incursion Events
The Administrator has identified incursions as one of the top safety priorities that all FAA personnel must address.
Let’s look at some specific occurrences.
Runway Incursion
Quincy Muni Baldwin Field(UIN)
13
18 22
31364
BE-1900United ExpressFlt 5925
King AirN1127D Cherokee
Runway Incursion
DEKALB-PEACHTREE, 2/15/00
2L 2R
3416
9
20R
20L
27
PA-28N8447Y
Sikorsky S76
Tower
SARASOTA/BRADENTON INTL
TERMINAL
14
32
224
CAUTION: BE ALERT TO RUNWAYCROSSING CLEARANCES READBACKOF ALL RUNWAY HOLDINGINSTRUCTIONS REQUIRED.
JonesAviation
F
N89827C-152 N79960
C-172
DolphinAviation
Tower
SARASOTA/BRADENTON INTL
TERMINAL
14
32
224
DolphinAviation
F
JonesAviation
N89827 called from Dolphin,taxi fortakeoff
Cleared tothe end ofRwy 14
Controller goes on break and Supervisor takesover the position
Tower
SARASOTA/BRADENTON INTL
TERMINAL
14
32
224
Dol phinAviation
F
JonesAviation
N79960 calls from Jones to taxi for take off
Supervisor clears him to Rwy 14 thinking he is at Dolphin and will taxi to theend of Rwy 14
NOTE the other aircraft at ‘F’ & Rwy 14!
N89827 N79960
Tower
SARASOTA/BRADENTON
TERMINAL
14
32
224
Dol phinAviation
F
JonesAviation
N89827 calls ready for takeoff - told to hold short. N79960 calls number two for take off - told to hold short. 10:34:00 Supervisor clears N89827 into position/holdSupervisor clearsother aircraft “position & hold” at “F”
N89827 N79960
Tower
SARASOTA/BRADENTON INTL
TERMINAL
14
32
224
Dol phinAviation
F
JonesAviation
N89827 N79960
Other aircraftcleared fortake-off
Tower
SARASOTA/BRADENTON INTL
TERMINAL
14
32
224
Dol phinAviation
F
JonesAviation
N89827 N79960
10:34:54 N89827 cleared for take-off
Supervisor looks at paper strip showingN79960 at the end ofRwy 14, he sees ahigh wing aircraftthere
Tower
SARASOTA/BRADENTON INTL
TERMINAL
14
32
224
JonesAviation
F
N89827C-152 N79960
C-172
DolphinAviation
10:23:57 he clearsN79960 “into positionand hold” Rwy 14
Tower
SARASOTA/BRADENTON INTL
TERMINAL
14
32
224
JonesAviation
F
N89827C-152
N79960C-172
DolphinAviation
**April 1, 2000, 1030 CST, Shelby County Airport, Shelbyville, IL. Pitts S-2A, N224V, owned and piloted by a Commercial pilot, while landing on Rwy 14 (grass, 200’ x 3,264’) struck a golf cart 5’ off the side of the Rwy that was applying weed killer adjacent to the Rwy. The golf cart driver was fatally injured and the aircraft was substantially damaged.
ALERT BULLETIN….CONTINUED
ALERT BULLETIN….CONTINUED
**BEECH BONANZA B35 TAXIED TO RWY 1 VIA TWY ALPHA AND DEPARTED WITHOUT AUTHORIZATION, ROCKFORD, IL 261448C
ALERT BULLETIN….CONTINUED
**C182 FAILED TO FOLLOW ATC INSTRUCTIONS AND TAXIED ONTO RWY 22L WITHOUT CLEARANCE, MESA, AZ
ALERT BULLETIN….CONTINUED
a Fokker 100 crossed assigned runway and encroached on runway environment to landing traffic, Richmond, VA Traffic on short final was issued go-around instructions.
UNINTENTIONAL
COMMON ERRORS
FAILURE TO HOLD SHORT (MEANING THE PILOT MOVES INTO TAKEOFF POSITION PREMATURELY)
TURNING ON WRONG TAXIWAY
CROSSING A RUNWAY WITHOUT CLEARANCE
CAUSES FOR ERRORS
CLEARANCES
COMMUNICATIONS
GROUND NAVIGATION
POSITIONAL AWARENESS
WHO IS IMMUNE TO RUNWAY INCURSIONS
*FAR 139 AIRPORT
TOWERED
NON-TOWERED
*GENERAL AVIATION AIRPORTS
TOWERED
NON-TOWERED
NOBODY!
WHAT CAN YOU DO?
OBJECTIVE -
EXAMINER EMPHASIS ITEMS
COLLISION AVOIDANCE
RUNWAY INCURSION AVOIDANCE
PRACTICAL TEST REQUIREMENTS
A.O. AIRPORT OPERATIONS
TASK: RADIO COMMUNICATIONS
AND ATC LIGHT GUN SIGNALS
TRAFFIC PATTERNS
AIRPORT AND RUNWAY
MARKINGS AND LIGHTING
SITUATIONAL AWARENESS
DURING THE TESTIs the applicant familiar with the airport
diagram--before leaving the ramp
--for both the airport of origin and the destination airport
At towered airports does the applicant--know standard signs and markings
--know standard pilot/controller terminology
--ask for “progressive” taxi assistance if necessary
at non-towered airports does the applicant --use the radio to make their position and
intentions known
--use the radio to listen to other traffic
--clear aircraft visually prior to departing the ramp, along the taxi route, and prior to entering the active runway. This also applies to procedures after landing: clear of the active runway, cross other runways and taxiways only after assuring that they are not being used by other aircraft.
DURING THE TEST
DO THE APPLICANTS USE THEIR SENSES
THEIR EYES ?
THEIR EARS ?
THEIR BRAIN--RESULTING IN DECISION MAKING.
ARE THEY MAKING DECISIONS AND BEING PIC?
DURING THE TEST
NIGHT OPERATIONS
AIRPORT LIGHTS
RUNWAY LIGHTS ARE WHITE
TAXIWAY LIGHTS ARE BLUE
THRESHOLD LIGHTS ARE SPLIT LENSES: GREEN ON THE APPROACH TO A RUNWAY, RED AT THE END OF A RUNWAY
SHORT TEST
ILS
9-27
9-APCH
B
22
2
ANSWERS
Runway
Taxiway
Holding Position Markings for ILS/MLS Critical Area
ILSHolding Position Sign for ILS Critical Area
9-27Located on taxiways at anintersection with runway
and at runway/runway intersections
9-APCHHold position on taxiway located
in runway approach or departure area hold
Areas where aircraft are forbidden to enter
BTaxiway
22Runway
2Runway length remaining
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current events
National Runway Safety Summit
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) conducted a National
Runway Safety Summit June 26–28 in Washington, DC. The
meeting explored ways to improve safety on runways,
particularly at the nation’s busiest airports.
Summit Proceedings
NationalNational
RunwayRunway
SafetySafety
SummitSummit
Create your own Airport Runway Safety Website, FREE!
In an effort to promote safer surface operations, the Runway Safety
Program now offers all airports, regardless of size or use, the ability
to create their own websites. Airports can now inform the flying public
about airport hot spots, local procedures, operations,
runways specifications, communications, and much more.
Airports will even have the option of posting pictures and diagrams.
Create Website
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on the ground
Create your own Airport Runway Safety Website, FREE!
In an effort to promote safer surface operations, the Runway SafetyProgram now offers all airports, regardless of size or use, the abilityto create their own websites. Airports can now inform the flying publicabout airport hot spots, local procedures, operations, runwaysspecifications, communications, and much more. Airports will evenhave the option of posting pictures and diagrams. create website
Airport Signs, Markings & Lighting
Knowing airport signs, markings & lighting is the cornerstone
to safe surface operations. Take a few minutes and review the
current standards. view
Airport Ground Vehicle Operations
This information booklet highlights such topics as airport basics,operations at towered/nontowered airports, phraseology and emergency procedures. You can even take a test to evaluate yourknowledge. view
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Runway Incursion Action Team(RIAT)Runway Incursion Action Team(RIAT)
Runway Incursion Action Team(RIAT)RIAT meetings are held at airports experiencing an unusually high numberof runway incursions/surface incidents. FAA, industry and airport expertsconduct an on-site evaluation, identify problem areas, and develop a runway incursion prevention plan.
RIAT Schedule
RIAT Recommendations
THE FUTURE AIRPORT ENVIRONMENT
LAHSO
SMGCS
As the number of risk factors increases, the probability of an event is greater.
Mishaps can be avoided, but vigilance, careful preparation, courtesy, and common sense must prevail.
