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Renal Functions
Guyton 26,27,28Dr Sitelbanat Awadalla
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Objectives
At the end of this lecture student should be able to describe:
Physiologic anatomy of Urinary system
Functions of the kidney Structure, Parts and Types of
Nephrons Juxtaglomerular Apparatus Blood Supply and innervation
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Renal System
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Kidney functions
1. Homeostatic function
Regulates: Osmolality of ECF Plasma ions concentration ECF volume Arterial blood pressure Acid-base balance
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Kidney Functions Cont
2.Excretion
Metabolic end products Urea, creatinine, uric acid, bilrubin
Foreign substances drugs, toxins
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Kidney Functions Cont
3. Biosynthesis Renin Erythropoietin Calciferol (1,25 dihydroxy Vit. D) Glucose (gluconeogenesis)
angiotensinogen, ammonia Prostaglandins, adenosine,
endothelin, nitric oxide, bradykinin
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Macroscopic structure of the kidney
Renal capsule Cortex Medulla –
pyramid – papilla Pelvis – major &
minor calyxes Ureter bladder
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human kidney is composed of three regions: the renal cortex, medulla, and pelvis.
Macroscopic Structure of the Kidney
Renal cortex
Renal pyramid
Renal medulla
Renal pelvis
Ureter
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Microscopic structure
Nephron is the basic unit of the kidney Each kidney consist of 106 nephronsAll kidney functions are performed by nephronNephron is a blind tube consist of 5 different regions 10Dr Sitelbanat
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Nephron1. Glomerulus
Bowman capsule Tuft of capillary
2. Proximal convoluted tube (PCT)
3. Loop of Henle Descending – thin Ascending
1/3 thin 2/3 thick
4. Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
5. Collecting duct 11Dr Sitelbanat
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Types of nephron
Cortical nephrons
Juxtamedullary nephrons
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Types of Nephron
Renal cortex
Renal medulla
Cortical nephron
Juxtamedullary nephron
1. cortical nephrons in the cortex 2. juxtamedullary nephrons in both the cortex and the
medulla
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Cortical vs juxtamedullary nephron
1. Cortical 85% Outer cortex Larger
glomerulus Short loop Peritubular
capillary blood supply
Juxtamedullary 15% Deep in the
cortex Small glomerulus Long loop Vasa recta
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Juxtaglomerular appartus
Junction between thick limb & afferent of its glomerulus
Tall columnar cells in tubule (macula densa)
Granular cells on afferent (renin)
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Renal circulation Renal artery Segmental
branch Interlobar Arcuate Interlobular Afferent arteriole Glomerular
capillary Efferent arteriole Peritubular
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Renal circulation cont
RBF=1.2 l/min
(25% of C.O.)
Cortical blood flow > Medallary flow
Cortical blood flow meant for filtraion 19Dr Sitelbanat
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Renal innervation
Renal plexus sympathetic Vasomotor regulate renal blood flow
Parasympathetic
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Summary
1. Function 2. Component of Renal System3. Macroscopic Structure of kidney4. Nephron; structure, types5. Blood supply & Innervation6. Juxta-glomerular apparatus
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