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Rkpo ni wndog ks k wokpng ni wkr= k `ndpkrktevo stufy ni tjo
Rwkgfkg kgf @nganhoso krdof `ngihe`ts
K tjoses eg pkrtekh iuhiehhdogt ni tjo roquerodogts inr tjo foaroo ni Dkstor eg
Hkws (H.H.D)
_gevorsety ni Fubheg, Vregety @nhhoao
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Fo`hkrkteng
Vjes tjoses jks gnt boog subdettof ks kg oxor`eso inr k foaroo kt tjes nr kgy
ntjor _gevorsety.
E karoo tjkt tjo wnrc fos`rebof joroeg es ogterohy dy nwg.
E aevo pordesseng tn Vregety @nhhoao Hebrkry, Fubheg tn hogf nr `npy tjes tjoses
upng roquost. Vjes pordesseng `nvors nghy segaho `npeos dkfo inr stufy
purpnsos, submo`t tn gnrdkh `ngfetengs ni k`cgnwhofadogt.
Peagof=
Kurheo \eorro
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K`cgnwhofadogts
E kd jokrtehy tjkgciuh tn dy tjoses suporvesnr, \rniossnr @nheg Pdetj, inr khh
jes johp kgf auefkg`o tjrnuajnut tjo yokr.
E wnuhf heco khsn tn tjkgc Cohhoy D`@kbo inr jor cegf johp kgf inr dkcega tjes
yokr sn ogmnykbho.
Vn dy pkrogts, E nwo tjo dnst prninugf kgf otorgkh arktetufo inr tjo
ugihkaaega suppnrt kgf og`nurkaodogt tjkt tjoy jkvo prnvefof nvor tjo yokrs.E khsn wesj tn tjkgc dy ireogf, Muheo Coggofy inr khh jor dnrkh suppnrt kgf jor
juao johp tjes yokr. Vjkgc ynu inr dkcega tjes yokr sn spo`ekh.
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Puddkry
Vjo submo`t dkttor ni tjes fessortkteng `ng`orgs aogfor-bksof venhog`o eg tjoKire`kg roaeng ni tjo Arokt Hkcos. E jkvo `jnsog tn in`us dy wnrc ng Rwkgfk
(furega tjo ;556 Aogn`efo) kgf tjo Fodn`rkte` Ropubhe` ni @ngan (FR@)
(seg`o ;55:) wjoro soxukh venhog`o jks boog usof ks wokpng ni wkr kakegst tjo
`evehekg pnpuhkteng. Egfoof, wetj tjo stufy ni tjo `kusos, s`npo kgf
`ngsoquog`os, E egtogfof tn prnfu`o kg nvorveow ni wjkt `ngstetutof rkpo ks k
wokpng ni wkr kgf wjkt woro tjo akps eg tjo egtorgktengkh `redegkh kgf
judkgetkrekg hkw eg tjo submo`t. Egfoof eg bntj nugtreos, egtorgktengkh kgf
gktengkh mufe`ekh rodofeos jkvo boog usof, gkdohy tjo kf jn` Vrebugkh inr
Rwkgfk, tjo Egtorgktengkh @redegkh @nurt kgf tjo Rwkgfkg kgf @nganhoso
fndoste` `nurts. Eg dy npegeng, bntj jkvo ikehof tn prnso`uto soxukh venhog`o
eg tjo roaeng.
Povorkh roksngs `kg oxphkeg tjkt rosuht. Qjeho ngo `kg wngfor wjotjor tjo
ikehuro tn provogt tjnso ovogts es `kusof by k hk`c ni kpprnprekto hoakh
egstrudogts tjkt skg`teng tjnso `redos, E porsngkhhy fnubt sn. Eg dy npegeng
tjo rokh dkttor es tjo edphodogtkteng ni tjnso hoaeshktengs. E inugf tjkt wetj k
strnga pnhete`kh wehh tn prnso`uto tjnso `redos, hoaeshktengs `kg bo usof
oiie`eogthy tn skg`teng soxukh venhog`o. Vjnuaj, provogtega rkpo ng k dkss
s`kho ks et n``urrof eg tjo roaeng es k feiiorogt dkttor. Egfoof, sovorkh `kusosjkf boog aevog tn oxphkeg tjo dkss egstrudogtkhezkteng ni rkpo eg tjnso
`nugtreos. Ierst, E jkvo gnte`of tjkt gktengkh snur`os ni pnwors hk`cof tjo
pnhete`kh wehh tn prnso`uto tjnso `redos `ngseforof ks hoss sorenus tjkg ntjors.
Vjog, ovog wjog pnhete`kh regahokfors skef tjkt tjoy woro wehhega tn pugesj
soxukh niiogfors kgf provogt iurtjor soxukh venhog`o eg tjoer `nugtreos,
`nrrupteng kgf inroeag egvnhvodogt bkrrof tjoer oiinrts. Vjerfhy, egtorgktengkh
kgf gktengkh mufe`ekh k`tnrs woro gnt oiie`eogthy trkegof tn fokh wetj soxukh
survevnrs. Iegkhhy kgf dnst edpnrtkgthy, tjoro es eg tjnso Ptktos k aogorkhhy
sn`en-`uhturkh `ngtoxt tjkt ik`ehetktos rkpo. Qndog kgf dog jkvo tjoer
oxpo`tof rnhos eg tjo `nddugety.
E tjoroinro, karoo wetj tjo s`jnhkrs veow tjkt provogtega rkpo wehh nghy bo
pnssebho ei aogfor-bksof rnho oxpo`tktengs kro ovnhvega eg k wky tjkt es
ikvnrkbho tn wndog. Dnst ni tjo `urrogt fndoste` hoaeshktengs kro skg`tengega
rkpo but fnos gnt provogt tjod. Vjo iuturo hoaeshkteng sjnuhf ik`ehetkto tjo
roksseagdogt ni aogfor rnhos eg tjo sn`eoty kgf tjo por`opteng ni wndogs
soxukhety. Vjoroinro, rkpo wnuhf gnt bo por`oevof ks kg oiie`eogt tnnh tn kttk`c
kgf wokcog k `nddugety nr k arnup nr ks kg kttk`c kakegst dogs prnporty.
Bosefos, so`urety inr`os eg bntj `nugtreos sjnuhf bo aevog tjo dokgs tn wnrc
oiie`eogthy tn provogt iurtjor kttk`cs kakegst `evehekgs kgf tn pugesj soxukh
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niiogfors wetjeg tjoer nwg inr`os. Iegkhhy, tjo ro`ogt ovogts ng tjo FR@s sneh
sjnw tjo rnho ni tjo o`ngndy eg tjo rosnhuteng ni tjo @nganhoso `reses kgf tjo
goof tn ogf `nrrupteng eg tjo `nugtry. Vjo `uhturo ni edpugety jks dkfo tjo
prnso`uteng ni soxukh niiog`os vory feiie`uht ei gnt edpnssebho eg sndo pkrts ni
@ngan. Vjes es fero`thy tjo `kuso ni so`urety tjrokt eg tjnso roaengs. Egfoof,
dkss rkpo es usof ks k tnnh tn wokcog kgf fesnrakgezo tjo `eveh sn`eoty kgftjoroinro ets mufe`ekh systod kgf so`urety inr`os. Vjnso wokcogof
egirkstru`turos kro eg`kpkbho ni porinrdega tjoer tkscs oiie`eogthy. Dnro
pro`esohy, soxukh venhog`o es gnt prnso`utof kgf tjo roaeng es phk`of eg ve`enus
`er`ho eg wje`j krdof inr`os kro egoiie`eogt tn prnto`t `evehekgs kgf tjo Muste`o
es gnt porinrdof.
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Vkbho ni @ngtogts
@jkptor ;= Egtrnfu`teng :
;.;Egtrnfu`teng :;.2@ngtoxt ;0@jkptor 2= ;556- Rwkgfkg krdof `ngihe`t kgf tjo soxukh venhog`o ni
wndog ;5
2.; Egtrnfu`teng ;5
2.2 Vjo Jestnre`kh bk`carnugf ni Rwkgfk 2;
2.2.; Vjo rnnts ni tjo otjge` fevefo 2;
2.0 Vjo Gkturo kgf tjo P`npo ni tjo Poxukh Yenhog`o ik`of by wndog furega
tjo @ngihe`t 26
2.6 Vjo Egtorgktengkh @redegkh Vrebugkh inr Rwkgfk (E@VR) kgf tjo
prnso`uteng ni soxukh venhog`o 29
2.6.; Vjo rohovkgt begfega hkw roakrfega soxukh venhog`o eg Rwkgfk kgf tjo
`ndpotog`o ni tjo E@VR 25
2.6.2 Vjo okrheor E@VRs sotbk`cs roakrfega tjo egvosteakteng kgf tjo prnso`uteng
ni rkpo= k roiho`teng ni tjo egtorgktengkh pnhete`kh hk`c ni egtorost ng tjo essuo> 0;
2.6.0 Vjo ro`ogt trogf ni tjo E@VR `ng`orgega aogfor- bksof venhog`o eg Rwkgfk
6;
2.? Vjo Ak`k`k @nurt kgf tjo fndoste` @nurts essuos ?0
2.?.; Vjo Niie`ekh Ankhs ni tjo Ak`k`k @nurt ?6
2.?.2 Ets Nporkteng ??
2.9 Vjo fndoste` rodofeos= su``oss nr ikehuro inr tjo trkgsetengkh Muste`o> 9;
2.1 @ng`huseng 96
@jkptor 0= Poxukh Yenhog`o eg tjo Fodn`rkte` Ropubhe` ni @ngan 99
0.; Egtrnfu`teng 99
0.2 Poxukh venhog`o eg tjo FR@ seg`o tjo nutbrokc ni tjo `eveh wkr 9:
0.2.; Vjo jypntjote`kh `kusos ni soxukh venhog`o eg tjo FR@ 1
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0.2.2 Vjo dofe`kh, psy`jnhnae`kh, sn`en-o`ngnde` kgf mufe`ekh `ngsoquog`os ni
soxukh venhog`o eg tjo FR@ 11
0.0 Vjo Hoakh Irkdownrc ni tjo `ngihe`t eg tjo FR@ :(Gnvodbor 2
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cehhof eg tjkt pnseteng. STRkpo wks tjo jkrfost tjega tn fokh wetj eg
Rwkgfk nur pkrt ST tjo durfor ni ponpho- E cgnw tjkt `kg snugf
bkf, but tjkt wks gnt ks bkf tn us ks tjo rkpo kgf ospo`ekhhy tjo
systodkte` rkpo kgf akga rkpo ni `jehfrog. Dkssk`ros cehh tjo bnfy.
Rkpo cehhs tjo snuh. Kgf tjoro es k hnt ni rkpo. 99
Vjes tostedngy `hokrhy sjnws tjo porpotrktnrs wehh tn uso rkpo ks k dotjnf ni
wkrikro. Rkpega wks fngo ng purpnso tn judehekto Vutses kgf fostrny tjog ks k
arnup.91 Poxukh venhog`o wks kg kttk`c tn tjo otjge` arnup kgf tn pugesj
wndog ks pkrt ni tjo prnpkakgfk kakegst Vutses. Eg tjnso `er`udstkg`os et es
ovog dnro edpnrtkgt tn prnso`uto tjo porpotrktnrs ni su`j `redo ks ponpho
hekbho ni Aogn`efo, tnrturos ot`. ks et jks boog fngo eg tjo Kckyosu9:`kso.
But, fospeto tjo ropoktof prn`hkdktengs oxprossega k `nddetdogt tn prnso`uto
rkpo, tjo \rnso`utnrs Niie`o jks govor krte`uhktof k `ngsestogt prnso`uteng
strktoay furega tjo ierst fo`kfo ni tjo Vrebugkhs wnrc.95
Eg ik`t, eg `ndpkresng
wetj tjo E@VU wnrc, tjo E@VR prngnug`of vory iow rkpo `ngve`tengs. Egfoof,
k tntkh ni ? rkpo `ngve`tengs ks k `redo kakegst judkgety, ks k inrd ni
Aogn`efo kgf ks k venhkteng ni tjo Aogovk @ngvogtengs jkvo survevof tjo
kppokh.1< Qjeho nghy 2? % ni tjo `ndphotof `ksos woro su``ossiuh kt tjo
E@VR, tjo E@VU `ndphotof su``ossiuhhy 52 % ni ets `ksos inr rkpo. 1; Vjo
99Ebef.
91Kire`kg Reajts, RQKGFK Brncog Bnfeos, Vnrg Pperets, Hevega wetj tjo Aogn`efo, rkpo
kgf JEY/KEFP (KIRE@KG REAJVP Qnrc pkpor2
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fespkrety ni tjo rkpo `ngve`tengs es ovog dnro sjn`cega wjog wo cgnw tjkt tjo
iroquog`y ni rkpo wks du`j dnro edpnrtkgt eg Rwkgfk tjkg eg Bnsgek.12 Vjes
`hokrhy sjnw tjo hk`c ni pnhete`kh wehh tn prnso`uto soxukh niiog`os. Ngo `kg
wngfor wjy tjo \rnso`uteng tokd fef gnt sood wehhega tn prnso`uto soxukh
venhog`o niiogfors.
Povorkh roksngs jkf khrokfy boog dogtengof.10
Ierst, inr dkgy yokrs et jks boog edpnssebho tn jkvo k `ngsestogt kpprnk`j eg
roakrfs tn soxukh venhog`o bo`kuso ni tjo otorgkh turgnvor ni tjo prnso`utengs
tokds.16 Iurtjordnro, tjo E@VR suiiorof k hk`c ni dokgs kt ets fespnskh,
ospo`ekhhy iegkg`ekhhy. Inr egstkg`o tjo E@VU ro`oevof khdnst fnubho iugfega
ni tjo [email protected]? Vjo ntjor ikehuro ni tjo kf jn` Vrebugkh `ng`orgs tjo oxporteso
ni ets stkii tjkt wks trkegof tn fokh wetj soxukh venhog`o. Vjo sjnrtkao ni
iegkg`ekh rosnur`os kssn`ektof wetj ugfor qukheieof stkii `roktof juao essuos eg
roakrfs tn tjo dkgkaodogt ni tjo kfdegestrkteng. Egfoof, tjo hkttor wks nitog
`rete`ezof tn prnvefo eg`ndphoto kgf ugrohekbho iegkg`ekh ro`nrfs, egkfoqukto
so`urety kgf wetgoss prnto`teng kgf k hk`c ni hokforsjep. 19
Vjnso frkwbk`cs eg tjo wnrc ni tjo kfdegestrkteng jkvo jkf k fero`t egihuog`o
eg tjo wnrc ni tjo Vrebugkh etsohi kgf tjo Mufadogts nut`ndos. Egfoof, k
mufe`ekh iegfega es fero`thy hegcof tn tjo kfdegestrkteng kgf tjo stru`turo ni tjo
Vrebugkh. Eg ntjor wnrfs, et es ughecohy tjkt Mufaos wehh prngnug`o kfoqukto
rodofeos wjog ets kfdegestrkteng es fysiug`tengkh.11 Vjes es ovog dnro truo
12Ebef.
10Joefe Ge`jnhs Jkffkf, Dnbehezega tjo Qehh tn \rnso`uto= @redos ni Rkpo kt tjo Uuanshkv
kgf Rwkgfkg Vrebugkhs (2
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Vjo stufy ni tjo egtorgktengkh `kso hkw rovokhs tjo edpnrtkg`o ni tjo hnbbyega.
Kdnga hnbbyega kaog`eos, et `kg bo `etof tjo trkgsgktengkh kfvn`k`y gotwnrc
kgf tjo dofek.:6 Vjoy `kg khsn bo tjo Judkg Reajts nrakgezktengs, s`jnhkrs nr
murests nr ovog dofek:?
Vjo wob keds tn prndnto gnrd kfnpteng,
edphodogtkteng kgf pnhe`y `jkgao by ox`jkgaega eginrdkteng kgf sorve`os.
Eg tjo E@VR tjo prossuro wks hoss edpnrtkgt tjkg inr tjo E@VU. Vjo dofek
wje`j fes`ussof tjo Rwkgfkg Aogn`efo nghy in`usof ng tjo `jehfrog bnrg
irnd rkpo. Nghy : dofek stnreos ng rkpo furega tjo Rwkgfkg aogn`efo
kppokrof eg tjo dkmnr wnrhf pubhe`ktengs eg tjo ;: dngtjs porenf ni tjo
boaeggega ni tjo `ngihe`t.:9 Furega ;556-;55?, gngo ni tjo Kdgosty
Egtorgktengkh pubhe` fn`udogts dogtengof rkpo.:1 Vjes pnnr dofekteskteng hof
tn tjo desdkgkaodogt ni tjo `ksos by tjo @nurt wjn wks wehhega tn sjnrtog tjo
prn`oofegas kgf wks gnt prossurof by tjo egtorgktengkh sn`eoty.:: Vjo sjnrtkao
ni tjo pross `nvorkao ng Rwkgfk roiho`ts tjo hkrao egortek ni tjo wostorg
`nugtreos ng Kire`kg essuos tjkt kro gnt soog ks k gktengkh egtorost by tjod. :5
Bosefos, tjoy kro ikr kwky irnd Rwkgfk kgf fn gnt aot tjo go`osskreos
eginrdkteng. Kgntjor roksng tjkt `nuhf oxphkeg tjo hk`c ni dofekteskteng ni tjo
E@VR prn`oofegas es tjo wrnga kssudpteng tjkt prenr su``ossos wetjeg tjo
:6
Joefe Ge`jnhs Jkffkf, Dnbehezega tjo Qehh tn \rnso`uto= @redos ni Rkpo kt tjo Uuanshkvkgf Rwkgfkg Vrebugkhs (2
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E@VU wnuhf egihuog`o tjo `nurt eg Vkgzkgek ks tjoy bntj sjkrof tjo skdo
prnso`utnr.5< Ng`o tjoy ugforstnnf tjkt tjo prnso`uteng wks gnt anega eg tjo
skdo fero`teng, tjoer oiinrts ikehof tn `jkgao tjo trebugkh kpprnk`j tn soxukh
venhog`o.5;
Vjo oxtorgkh kgf egtorgkh kfvn`k`y wetjeg tjo trebugkh nghy
dkgkaof tn kdogf tjo egfe`tdogt ni Mokg- \kuh Kckyosu tn eg`hufo rkpo.52
Bosefos, Rwkgfkg hn`kh wndogs nrakgezktengs fef gnt jkvo eg foptj
`nggoxengs wetj trkgsgktengkh nrakgezktengs ks tjo Uuanshkv arnups. 50 Rkpo
wks gnt prenretezof by Rwkgfkg wndogs arnups ks tjoy woro tryega tn robuehf
tjoer hevos kgf wkgtof tn in`us ng tjo eg`ndega `jkhhogaos su`j ks pnvorty,
s`jnnhega, jokhtj`kro56 Rofestrebutevo Muste`o tjog wks gnt tjoer dkeg `ogtro
ni egtorost kgf tjkt egihuog`of tjo wnrc ni egtorgktengkh nrakgezktengs wje`j
ant dnro egvnhvof eg tjo foiog`o ni tjo o`ngnde` kgf sn`ekh reajts ni tjo
pnpuhkteng rktjor tjkg tjo pnhete`kh kgf `eveh reajts.5? Kgntjor strecega oxkdpho
ni tjo hk`c ni `nddetdogt tn prnso`uto kgf pugesj soxukh venhog`o es tjo wky
wetgossos usof tn bo troktof furega kgf kitor tjo Vrekhs. Egfoof, tjo wndog
wjn tosteieof boinro tjo trebugkh jkf tn ik`o irustrkteng kgf feskppnegtdogt.
Vjoy nitog ioht botrkyof by tjo @nurt wjn oxk`orbktof tjoer suiiorega by
dkcega tjod tosteiy eg quostengkbho `er`udstkg`os (eg wje`j tjoy jkf tn
kgswor jugfrofs ni quostengs irnd tjo foiogfkgts `nugsoh furega `rnss
5< Ebef.5;
Inr dnro fotkehs soo Joefe Ge`jnhs Jkffkf, Dnbehezega tjo Qehh tn \rnso`uto= @redos niRkpo kt tjo Uuanshkv kgf Rwkgfkg Vrebugkhs (2
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oxkdegktengs).59 Vjo wetgossos inugf k jnsteho ogverngdogt ks sndo ni tjo
Mufaos ioht rohu`tkgt tn hedet ox`ossevo `rnss oxkdegktengs.
Eg tjes `ngtoxt, ks k `evehekg hkwyor E wnuhf krauo tjkt tjo kfvorskrekh systod es
gnt tjo bost krogk tn fokh wetj rkpo `ksos eg wje`j ve`teds kro nitog
trkudktezof kgf ksjkdof ni tjoer setukteng. Jkvega tn tkhc pubhe`hy kbnut
soxukh k`ts `kg trkudktezo ovog dnro tjo ve`teds kgf dkco tjod iooh
judehektof wjog tjoy jkvo gnt boog wkrgof by tjo \rnso`utnr tokd. E wnuhf
rktjor kfveso tjod tn uso k systod su`j ks kg egquesetnrekh ngo tjkt deajt bo k
bottor snhuteng inr tjo oiie`eog`y ni tjo Vrebugkh kgf tjo trkgquehhety ni tjo
ve`teds. Egfoof eg tjes systod, tjo egvosteaktengs kro hof by kg egfopogfogt
Mufao wjn bregas tjo ovefog`os tnaotjor kgf sjkros tjod wetj bntj sefos
boinro tjo trekh wetjnut tjo pnssebehety inr tjo foiog`o tn jkrkss tjo ve`teds wetj
niiogsevos quostengs. Joro, et soods tjkt tjo `nurt egstokf ni bregaega sndo
roheoi ro-ve`tedezof tjo rkpo survevnrs kgf rktjor tjkg johpega tjod tn
roegtoarkto eg tjo sn`eoty, dkraegkhezof tjod dnro. Egfoof, GANs ropnrts
sjnwof tjkt wndog wjn tosteieof wjnso kgngydety jkf gnt boog prnto`tof ks
prndesof by tjo \rnso`utnr, suiiorof ng`o tjoy wogt bk`c jndo, irnd tjo
kttetufo ni `ngtodpt kgf sjkdo ni tjoer `nddugety.51 Dnst ni tjod woro soog
ks trketnrs kgf wevos ni tjo ogody. 5: Ovog wnrst, wetgossos ioht botrkyof kgf
s`krof inr tjoer skioty kitor jkvega tosteieof ks tjoy woro gnt tnhf boinro tjkt
tjoer gkdo wnuhf bo aevog tn tjo foiog`o wjeho tjo fuo prn`oss roquerodogts
dkgfkto tn fn sn. Vjoroinro, ovog ei et es k venhkteng ni tjo prn`ofurkh ruhos tn
59Beikeior Gnwrnmoo,Unur Muste`o es tnn shnw= Qehh tjo E@VR Ikeh Rwkgfks rkpo Ye`teds>
SGnvodbor 2
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pubhesj tjoer gkdos, eg rokhety et es queto usukh tjkt pkrteos tn tjo prn`oofegas
dkco tjod pubhe` nutsefo tjo Vrebugkh. Vjog, ng`o tjoy wogt bk`c jndo,
ve`teds kro cgnwg ks tjo ngos wjn tosteieof kgf rkpo fo`rokso tjoer `jkg`o ni
dkrrekaokbehety tjkt deajt bo tjo nghy wky tn roegtoarkto tjod egtn tjo
`nddugety. Vjog et sjnuhf bo tjo futy ni tjo \rnso`utnr tn eginrd tjo
wetgossos ni tjkt ik`t, ovog ei et dky hokf tn hnso sndo wetgossos. Vjoer skioty
sjnuhf bo tjo ierst tjega eg dkttor tn ogkbho trust ni tjo ve`teds tnwkrfs tjo
Muste`o prn`oss. Et es khsn k futy ni tjo @nurt tn trokt fo`ogthy tjo wetgossos
cgnwg tn jkvo suiiorof soxukh venhog`o. Egfoof, tjo E@VR Mufaos kgf
\rnso`utnrs jkf boog rohu`tkgt tn rostrkeg tjo oxor`eso ni tjo `rnss
oxkdegktengs kgf ovog hkuajof furega tjod,55 sjnwega k tntkh hk`c ni rospo`t.
Eg tjo skdo tedo, tjo wetgossos jkf tn kgswor nutrkaonus quostengs su`j ks
Qoro ynu egmurof eg tjo prn`oss ni boega rkpof by gego dog> ;
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wetj sovorkh `ksos eg tjo skdo tedo wje`j dkfo vory feiie`uht inr tjo
pnpuhkteng tn inhhnw kgf ugforstkgf tjo trekh's roksngega.
Qjog wo hnnc kt tjo ntjor Egtorgktengkh egstkg`os ik`ega tjo skdo essuos kt tjkt
tedo, tjo ikehuro ni tjo E@VR es ovog dnro strecega. Joro, wo tjegc kbnut tjo
_G Ppo`ekh @nurt inr Peorrk Hongo wje`j eg speto ni iowor rosnur`o kgf stkii kt
ets fespnskh dkgkaof tn egvosteakto kgf prnso`uto soxukh venhog`o `ksos kgf
ovog, tn oxpkgf tjo oxestega egtorgktengkh hkw by `jkraega egfevefukhs wetj
soxukh shkvory kgf inr`of dkrrekao.;
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k`quettkh ng rkpo `jkraos ni k Rwkgfkg dkynr.;
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prn`oss ni robuehfega tjo Rwkgfkg `nddugety. Egfoof, tn rostnro k pok`oiuh
kgf fodn`rkte` sn`eoty, `etezogs sjnuhf bo kbho tn trust tjoer goeajbnurs kgf
tjoer anvorgdogt kgf tjo egstetutengs tjkt et `ndpresos nr tjo skdo ktrn`eteos
deajt n``ur kakeg. Eg tjkt `ngtoxt, tjo ioohega ni edpugety tjkt rnso irnd tjo
E@VR prn`oofegas jks brnuajt kffetengkh essuos. Qjoroni, tn kvnef tjo
ro`urrog`o ni tjnso `rete`esds boinro ntjor Egtorgktengkh Muresfe`tengs,
(ospo`ekhhy boinro tjo E@@) aogfor-bksof venhog`o prnso`utengs sjnuhf bo
dkfo tjo tnp ni tjo prenreteos eg tjo toxts tjodsohvos, ks wohh ks k pnssebho
skg`teng inr tjo kaogts wjn ikehof tn k`t eg `ng`nrfkg`o wetj tjo toxt.
Vjoroinro, tjo \rnso`uteng wnuhf jkvo gn ntjor `jne`o tjkg egvosteaktega kgf
prnso`utega tjnso `redos sorenushy.
Vn `ng`hufo, tjo okrhy wnrc ni tjo E@VR ng aogfor-bksof venhog`o jkf gnt
boog vory su``ossiuh. Jokvehy `rete`ezof by tjo s`jnhkrs, tjo Vrebugkh jks seg`o
tjog `jkgaof ets strktoay kgf jks cgnwg sndo edprnvodogts.
2.6.6 Vjo ro`ogt trogf ni tjo E@VR `ng`orgega aogfor- bksof venhog`o eg
Rwkgfk
Ks et jks boog kfdettof by k hnt ni k`kfode`s, ngo ni tjo dnst edpnrtkgt stops
inr tjo pugesjdogt ni kg egtorgktengkh `redo es ets foiegeteng. Eg nrfor tn bo kbho
tn prnso`uto su``ossiuhhy k `redo, tjo hktor dust jkvo boog brnkfhy foiegof by
Ptktutos nr/kgf tjo @nurts. Cgnwega tjkt, k bea essuo wje`j jks boog que`chy
rnso eg tjo egtorgktengkh hkw es tjo hk`c ni k pro`eso foiegeteng ni rkpo nr soxukh
venhog`o. Qjeho soxukh venhog`o jkf boog prosogt eg dnst ni tjo `ngihe`ts
wnrhfwefo, et jks boog rkrohy prnso`utof ugteh ro`ogthy. Vjus, et jkf boog
krauof tjkt tjo `redo ni rkpo sjnuhf bo ogjkg`of ng tjo s`kho ni arkvety ni wkr
6
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`redos. Vjoroinro, et jks boog suaaostof tn ro`nageso rkpo ks kg kffetengkh
egtorgktengkh `redo, nr tn oxphe`ethy brnkfog tjo foiegeteng ni oxestega
egtorgktengkh `redos wetj rkpo kgf soxukh venhog`o.;;6 Roakrfega tjo `kso hkw
ni tjo E@VR eg tjo dkttor, et soods tjkt tjo hkttor npteng jkf boog `jnsog.
Eg tjkt hego, tjo dnst seageie`kgt `kso ni tjo Vrebugkh es `ortkeghy Kckyosu.;;?
Egetekhhy et fef gnt `ngtkeg rkpo `jkraos;;9 but tjegas `jkgaof kitor tjo
tostedngy ni k wetgoss fognug`ega tjo k``usof ni tjo rkpo ni jor fkuajtor. ;;1
Vjorokitor, tjo Mufaos kfnptof k `ng`optukh kpprnk`j tn foiego rkpo ugfor
egtorgktengkh hkw.;;:
Eg fnega sn, tjo Vrekh @jkdbor usof tjo @KV;;5
kgf
foiegof rkpo ks inhhnws= k pjyse`kh egvkseng ni soxukh gkturo, `nddettof ng k
porsng ugfor `er`udstkg`os wje`j kro `nor`evo.;2< Vjes foiegeteng es sedpho
ognuaj tn kbho tjo iuturo prnso`utengs tn og`ndpkss k suiie`eogthy brnkf rkgao
ni soxukh venhogt k`ts.;2; Et fnos gnt roior tn kgy `ngsogt eg purpnso. Egfoof, tjo
Vrekh @jkdbor egior irnd tjo setukteng eg Rwkgfk, tjkt et `nuhf jkvo gn `ngsogt
eg tjo aogorkh `hedkto ni venhog`o kgf tjoroinro, tjoro es gn prnni ni gng-
`ngsogt eg tjo ohodogt ni tjo `redo.;22 But tjo \rnso`uteng sjkhh prnvo tjo
;;6 Robo``k H. Jkiikmoo, \rnso utega `redos ni rkpo kgf soxukh venhog`o kt tjo E@VR= tjo
kpphe`kteng ni mnegt `redegkh ogtorpreso tjonry (2
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aogorkh `nor`evo `er`udstkg`os.;20Bosefos, tjes brnkf foiegeteng ogkbhos tjo
\rnso`uteng tn eg`hufo k vory hkrao gudbor ni setuktengs. Vjoro es gn
oxjkustevo hest ni k`ts sus`optebho tn bo prnso`utof but rktjor k fos`repteng ni
tjo ossogtekh kspo`ts ni tjo `redo ks inr tjo @KVs foiegeteng ni Vnrturo.;26
Eg
Kckyosu,;2? tjo Vrebugkh jks ro`nagezof tjkt rkpo dky bo k inrd ni tnrturo
ugfor `ortkeg `er`udstkg`os kgf et sjkros `nddng iokturos wetj tjo hkttor.;29
Qjog et wks jnpof tjkt tjes foiegeteng wnuhf khhnw dnro prnso`utengs ni
soxukh niiogfors, eg rokhety, ets edpk`t jks boog `ngseforkbhy rofu`of.
Vjo ierst fevoraog`o irnd tjoKckyosu;21
foiegeteng n``urrof tjo skdo yokr eg
tjo Iurugfemk;2: `kso ni tjo E@VU. Joro, tjo Mufaos `ngseforof tjkt gn
foiegeteng ni rkpo `nuhf bo inugf eg tjo egtorgktengkh judkgetkrekg hkw kgf eg
tjo egtorgktengkh `ustndkry hkw kgf tjoroinro, k foiegeteng sjnuhf bo frkwg
irnd tjo gktengkh muresfe`tengs;25. Eg fnega sn, tjoy edphe`ethy romo`tof tjo
ruhega eg Kckyosu.;0< Vjoy bksof tjoer fo`eseng ng tjo preg`epho ni guhhud
`redog sego hoao stre`tk;0;
kgf foiegof rkpo ks=
Poxukh pogotrkteng, jnwovor sheajt=
;20Ebef.
;26 Khesng @nho, \rnso`utnrv. Ak`udbetse= Vjo Gow Foiegeteng inr \rnso`utega Rkpo _gforEgtorgktengkh Hkw (2
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- Ni tjo vkaegk nr kgus ni tjo ve`ted by tjo poges ni tjo porpotrktnr nrkgy ntjor nbmo`t usof by tjo porpotrktnr3 nr
- Ni tjo dnutj ni tjo ve`ted by tjo poges ni tjo porpotrktnr3- By `nor`eng nr inr`o ni tjrokt ni inr`o kakegst tjo ve`ted nr k tjerf
porsng.;02
Et es egtorostega tn gnto tjkt tjes foiegeteng eg`hufos tjo pogotrkteng by tjo
dnutj ks k inrd ni rkpo wjeho k hnt ni gktengkh `redegkh hkws fn gnt `ngsefor et
ks boega rkpo but rktjor soxukh venhog`o.;00
Vjus, et soods tjkt tjo @nurt jks
`jnsog tn inhhnw tjo egtorgktengkh trogf tn brnkfog tjo foiegeteng ni rkpo.
Cgnwega tjkt su`j k fevoraog`o botwoog tjo kf jn` Vrebugkhs dky bo jkrdiuh
tn tjo egtorgktengkh Muresprufog`o ng soxukh venhog`o, tjo E@VR hktor `jnso tn
uso tjo Iurugfemks foiegeteng ni rkpo ks k pkrt ni tjo Kckyosu brnkfor
kpprnk`j;06 egDusodk.;0? Egfoof, ovog ei tjo kf jn` Vrebugkhs kro gnt stre`thy
bnugf by pro`ofogt, yot et es edpnrtkgt tn dkegtkeg `ngsestog`y eg tjo `kso hkw
wjog et es pnssebho. Vjog, et `ngsefors tjkt tjo E@VU kfnptof k `ng`optukh
kpprnk`j;09 ks wohh wjog et tnnc egtn k``nugt tjo nganega ovnhuteng ni
`redegkh hkw.;01 Et `kg bo gntof tjkt tjo kpprnk`j tkcog by tjo E@VU jks gnt
boog oxodpt irnd `rete`esd.
;02Iurugfemk Vrekh Mufaodogt, gnto ;25, S;:?T.;00
Khesng @nho, \rnso`utnrv. Ak`udbetse= Vjo Gow Foiegeteng inr \rnso`utega Rkpo _gforEgtorgktengkh Hkw. (2
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Egfoof, et jkf boog krauof tjkt tjo gktengkh `redo ni rkpo dust gnt bo tjo bost
kgkhnay inr egtorgktengkh `redos wjoro tjo `er`udstkg`os kro rkfe`khhy feiiorogt
irnd k setukteng ni esnhktof kgf spnrkfe` `redos.;0: Kffetengkhhy, `ngsogt eg k
gktengkh `ngtoxt es k coy pnegt ni tjes `redo ks rkpo es type`khhy tjo egtork`teng
botwoog twn egfevefukhs wjn kro troktof by tjo hkw oqukhhy ks kutngndnus kgf
tjog gng- `ngsogt es prednrfekh tn prnvo rkpo.;05 Ng kgntjor jkgf, eg tjo
`ngtoxt ni krdof `ngihe`t, tjo kutngndy ni tjo `evehekgs es kbsogt ks tjoy kro
phk`of ugfor k gng- `ngsogsukh kttk`c.;6< Eg Cugkrk`,;6; tjo E@VU usof bntj
fo`eseng tn `ng`hufo tjkt ets Ruhos ni \rn`ofuro kgf Ovefog`o, ospo`ekhhy ruho
59, fef gnt ox`hufo gng-`ngsogt irnd tjo ohodogt ni `redos ovog ei tjo
surrnugfega `er`udstkg`os sjnuhf bo tkcog egtn k``nugt wjog tjo prnni ni
`ngsogt wks ks`ortkegof boinro tjo @nurt.;62 Vjo Vrebugkh kppheof ets provenus
foiegeteng tn ostkbhesj wjotjor tjo ik`ts boinro et `kg bo `ngseforof ks k rkpo.
Vjog, tjo dogs rok es tjo egtogteng tn oiio`t tjes soxukh pogotrkteng, kgf tjo
cgnwhofao tjkt et n``urs wetjnut tjo `ngsogt ni tjo ve`ted.;60;66
Hktor, tjo E@VR roeginr`of ets `jne`o ni qukheie`kteng eg Ak`udbetse.;6? Eg tjes
`kso tjo k``usof jks boog inugf auehty ni Aogn`efo kgf tjo `redos kakegst
Judkgety ni oxtordegkteng kgf rkpo by tjo Vrekh @jkdbor wje`j edpnsof k
;0: Khesng @nho, \rnso`utnrv. Ak`udbetse= Vjo Gow Foiegeteng inr \rnso`utega Rkpo _gforEgtorgktengkh Hkw. (Egtorgktengkh @redegkh Hkw Roveow :, 2
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sogtog`o ni 0< yokrs edpresngdogt.;69 Vjo @jkdbor ro`nagesof tjkt tjo
wetgossos tostedngeos woro `rofebho but tjkt et `nuhf gnt bo egiorrof irnd
tjod tjkt tjo k``usof wks rospngsebho inr khh tjo khhoaof k`ts.;61 Egfoof, inr
tjo @nurt, tjo tostedngeos `nuhf gnt hokf tn tjo `ng`huseng tjkt rkpo wks
`nddettof eg k dkss s`kho kgf tjkt tjo k``usof cgow et wks tkcega phk`o nr
nuajt tn cgnw et.;6: Vjog, et `kg bo suaaostof tjkt tjo Vrebugkh wnuhf jkvo
fo`efof feiiorogthy ei tjo \rnso`uteng `nuhf jkvo prnvog tjkt dkss rkpo
n``urrof eg tjes krok. Dkgy rkpos `nuhf hokf tn k iegfega ni edputof
cgnwhofao, tjoroby prnvefega k goxus inr rospngsebehety.;65
@ng`orgega tjo gnteng ni `ngsogt, tjo Vrekh @jkdbor fef gnt fero`thy stkto
wjotjor prnni ni tjo hk`c ni `ngsogt wks kg ohodogt ni tjo `redo but et fef
edphy tjkt tjo kbsogt ni `ngsogt `nuhf bo egiorrof irnd tjo `nor`evo
`er`udstkg`os ks roquerof egKckyosu;?
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gnt bo kg ohodogt ni tjo `redo.;?6 Vjo Kppokhs @jkdbor `ng`hufof egstokf
tjkt tjo burfog ni prnni wks ng tjo \rnso`uteng ntjorweso tjo k``usof wnuhf
jkvo tn iegf predk ik`eo ovefog`o ni tjo `ngsogt ni tjo ve`ted kgf tjes burfog
jks boog `ngseforof ks boega tnn jeaj inr tjo k``usof.;??
Vjes fo`eseng ni tjo
Kppokhs @jkdbors yot, fef gnt quosteng tjo efok tjkt gng- `ngsogt `nuhf bo
egiorrof irnd tjo prnni ni oxestega `nor`evo `er`udstkg`os;?9. Hktor eg ets
fo`eseng, tjo Vrebugkh ro`ng`ehof tjo kppkrogt fevoraog`o eg tjo Cugkrk`;?1
kgfKckyosu;?: kpprnk`jos.;?5 Gng- `ngsogt `kg bo prnvog boyngf roksngkbho
fnubt by ostkbhesjega `nor`evo `er`udstkg`os ugfor wje`j k dokgegaiuh
`ngsogt es gnt pnssebho.;9< Bosefos, tjo @nurt ro`khhof tjkt tjo provenus soxukh
`ngfu`t ni tjo ve`ted sjnuhf gnt bo usof ks k foiog`o by tjo k``usof. ;9; Vjo
oxestog`o ni porsngkh dntevo inr `nddettega rkpo fnos gnt fesphk`o `redegkh
rospngsebehety.;92 Iegkhhy, tjoro es gn roquerodogt ni `nrrnbnrkteng ni
tostedngeos tn fo`efo ei k tostedngy es k rohekbho prnni tn bo tkcog egtn k``nugt
by tjo @nurt.;90 Eg `ng`hufega tjo `kso, tjo Mufaos ruhof tjkt tjo Vrekh
@jkdbors jkf boog ugroksngkbho wjog et fef gnt kfnpt k jnheste` kpprnk`j kgf
fef gnt tkco gnte`o ni khhoaktengs kakegst tjo k``usof ni nrforega `ortkeg kttk`cs
;?6Ebef.
;??Khesng @nho, \rnso`utnrv. Ak`udbetse= Vjo Gow Foiegeteng inr \rnso`utega Rkpo _gfor
Egtorgktengkh Hkw. (2
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kgf kbottega `ortkeg durfors.;96 Vjoroinro, Ak`udbetse jkf boog sogtog`of tn
heio edpresngdogt. Pn, tjoso fo`esengs ni tjo @nurt sood tn sjnw k ro`ogt wehh
tn prnso`uto kgf skg`teng sorenushy rkpo ks k wkr `redo. Et soods tjkt tjo
okrheost destkcos ni tjo Egtorgktengkh Vrebugkh jkvo hof tjo @nurt tn ro-oxkdego
ets kpprnk`j tn aogfor-bksof venhog`o. Vjes jks khsn brnuajt tjo @nurt tn
`jkgao ets ovefogtekry kgf prn`ofurkh ruhos, ospo`ekhhy bo`kuso ni ets provenus
desdkgkaodogts ni tjo wetgossos jokregas. Vjo Ak`udbetse `kso etsohi johpof
tn edprnvo tjo setukteng `ng`orgega tjo wetgosss jokregas. Gnw, tjo
\rnso`utnr `kg prnvo tjo kbsog`o ni `ngsogt ni tjo ve`ted tn tjo soxukh
egtor`nurso by sjnwega tjo oxestog`o ni `nor`evo `er`udstkg`os. Iurtjordnro,
tjo Kppokhs @jkdbor kfdettof tjkt su`j `er`udstkg`os oxestof eg tedo ni
aogn`efo, `redo kakegst judkgety nr wkr `redos. Vjo \rnso`uteng es khsn
khhnwof tn tkco mufe`ekh gnte`o ni ik`ts ni `nddng cgnwhofao kgf
fn`udogtkry ovefog`o irnd ntjor prn`oofegas tn prnvo tjnso ovogts.;9? Vjus,
et es gnt roquerof kgydnro tn quosteng tjo ve`ted wjotjor nr gnt sjo `ngsogtof
tn tjo soxukh k`tevety nr kbnut tjo k`tukh ik`ts jkppogega kt tjkt tedo. Vjog, et
kvnefs setuktengs eg wje`j sjo wnuhf bo quostengof eg kg niiogsevo dkggor kgf
tjoroby, ro-ve`tedesof bo`kuso ni tjo trkudk tjkt `nuhf roprosogt su`j
gkrrkteng.;99
;96 Khesng @nho, \rnso`utnrv. Ak`udbetse= Vjo Gow Foiegeteng inr \rnso`utega Rkpo _gfor
Egtorgktengkh Hkw. (2
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Hecoweso, et jks boog krauof boinro tjkt tjo \rnso`utengs egvosteaktengs woro
gnt wohh dkgkaof wje`j hof tn tjo fuphe`kteng ni stktodogts by tjo wetgoss. ;91
Oiio`tevohy, nitog tjo \rnso`utnr niie`o fef gnt cgnw wjog kgf tn wjnd tjo
wetgossos jkf khrokfy tosteieof kgf kbnut wje`j ik`ts eg pkrte`uhkr. Vjoroinro,
ovefog`o woro hnst nr jkf tn bo aevog sovorkh tedos. Eg nrfor tn edprnvo tjo
systod, kg Eginrdkteng kgf Ovefog`o Puppnrt Po`teng (EOPP) jkf boog `roktof
wetjeg tjo \rnso`uteng Niie`o.;9: Kffetengkhhy, kg Egvosteakteng Feveseng wks
ostkbhesjof tn prnvefo suppnrt su`j ks dofe`kh `kro tn wetgossos. ;95 Vjo
\rnso`uteng wnrcs `hnsohy wetj tjo Vrebugkh Roaestry wje`j tkcos tjo
rospngsebehety eg suppnrtega tjo rojkbehetkteng ni tjo survevnrs ni soxukh
venhog`o.;1< Eg ik`t, et es k dkttor ni predkry edpnrtkg`o tjkt tjo ve`teds iooh
tjoy jkf boog hestogof kgf trokt wetj feagety by tjo @nurt ;1; kgf tjo
egvosteakteng tokd kgf tjkt tjoy fn gnt suiior ni steadktezkteng inr jkvega
tosteieof boinro tjo Vrebugkh ng`o tjoy an bk`c jndo. K annf dkgkaodogt ni
tjo `ksos ik`ehetkto tjo iuturo wnrc ni ntjor egtorgktengkh egstetutengs wje`j
wngt jkvo essuos tn iegf wetgossos wehhega tn tosteiy.
Dnronvor, et soods iugfkdogtkh tjkt ve`teds boheovo tjkt Muste`o jks boog fngo
tn provogt iuturo ktrn`eteos irnd jkppogega. Vn su``oof eg tjes tksc, et jks boog
ro`nagesof tjo edpnrtkg`o ni ropkrkteng inr tjo ve`teds wjn kro aogorkhhy dnro
in`usof ng prk`te`kh essuos su`j ks tjoer rojkbehetkteng eg tjoer `nddugety, tjo
jokhega prn`oss nr tjo rosnhuteng ni tjoer jokhtj prnbhods, k`querodogt ni tjoer
dokgs ni hevega kitor tjo foktj ni tjoer rohktevos. Eg tjes roakrf, tjo prnaross
;91Ebef ;9.
;9: Ebef.;95
Ebef ;1.;1
Povorkh `kusos jkvo boog inugf by oxports tn oxphkeg tjo pjogndogng ni dkss
rkpo n``urrega eg tjo FR@. Egfoof, ngo ni tjo dkeg kspo`ts ni tjo @nganhoso
`ngihe`t es tjo dkssevo uso ni soxukh kaarosseng kakegst tjo `evehekg pnpuhkteng.
Qjeho et es `nddng tn wetgoss soxukh venhog`o furega krdof `ngihe`ts
wnrhfwefo, tjoer `kusos kgf s`kho vkry fopogfega ng tjo sn`en-o`ngnde`kh
`ngtoxt.Vjoroinro, kitor jkvega ro`khhof wjkt sots ni hkw wks kpphe`kbho tn tjo
`redos tkcega phk`o eg tjo okstorg pkrt ni @ngan, dy rosokr`j wehh in`us ng
tjoer kpphe`kteng tn tjo @nganhoso `ngihe`t (by bntj gktengkh @nurts kgf
egtorgktengkh ngos). Vjus, tjes sjnuhf khhnw do tn `ng`hufo wjkt eg dy veow
sjkhh bo tjo dnst ikvnurkbho kpprnk`j tn bo tkcog.
Roakrfega tjo `redos n``urrega wetjeg tjo Cevus, tjroo sots ni hkw dky bo usof
tn provogt kgf prnto`t tjo `evehekg pnpuhkteng kakegst iurtjor venhog`o but khsn
tn pugesj tjo niiogfors ni su`j `redos=
- Vjo egtorgktengkh Judkgetkrekg Hkw- Vjo Egtorgktengkh Judkg Reajts- Vjo fndoste` @nganhoso `redegkh hkw.
Ok`j ni tjoso snur`os wehh bo stufeof eg tjo heajts ni tjo @nganhoso `ngihe`t
tjorokitor.
0.0.; Eg egtorgktengkh Judkgetkrekg Hkw (EJH)
Vjo so`ngf @ngan wkr es bntj egtorgo kgf egtorgktengkh. Egfoof, dkgy ni tjo
dehetek arnups jkf boog iegkg`of kgf johpof by tjo goeajbnurs Ptktos ni tjo
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FR@. Dnronvor, tjo _G212 sogt ets inr`os eg nrfor tn ik`ehetkto tjo roturg ni
pok`o kgf tn ros`uo `evehekgs.
Kffetengkhhy, @nganhoso roboh arnups jkvo hof kttk`cs kakegst tjo gktengkh
inr`os seg`o tjo nutbrokc ni tjo `eveh wkr ugteh gnw kgf tjog sjnuhf bo `nvorof
by tjo ruhos ni [email protected] Vjo hkw ni GEK@ fnos gnt inrosoo kgy `ndbktkgt
stktus, et fnos gnt foiego `ndbktkgt kgf fnos gnt pros`rebo spo`eie` reajts kgf
nbheaktengs inr tjod.216 Vjoroinro, et jks boog krauof tjkt EJH prnto`ts ponpho
bo`kuso ni tjoer k`teveteos rktjor tjkg tjoer stktus.21? Vjog, ieajtors e.o. k
dodbor ni kg krdof arnup wetj k ieajtega iug`teng ks robohs arnups eg @ngan
sjnuhf bo troktof roakrfega tjo ruhos kpphe`kbho tn GEK@ kgf deajt bo
kttk`cof. Pndo ntjor kutjnrs ng tjo `ngtrkry, wnrcof by kgkhnay kgf foiegof
wjn sjnuhf bo `ngseforof ks ieajtors eg GEK@ wetj tjo `ndbktkgts eg [email protected]
Eg kgy `kso, ponpho wjn tkco pkrt eg tjo `ngihe`t jkvo tjo nbheakteng tn
festegauesj tjodsohvos irnd tjo `evehekg pnpuhkteng kgf tn rospo`t EJH ruhos
kpphe`kbho tn [email protected] Vjoroinro, et soods tjkt tjo `ngihe`ts tkcega phk`o eg tjo
@nganhoso torretnry sjnuhf bo ruhof by EJH.
Egfoof, tjo dkss kttk`cs botwoog tjo gktengkh krdof inr`os kgf tjoso krdof
arnups jks boog ro`nagezof ks krdof inr`os wje`j kro ruhof by EJH,
ospo`ekhhy, tjo inur ;565 Aogovk @ngvogtengs(A@), tjoer kffetengkh \rntn`nhs
(K\ E kgf EE), tjo ;5
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kakegst tjo `evehekg pnpuhkteng, eg`hufega rkpo, judehektega kgf foarkfega
troktdogts su`j ks soxukh venhog`o. Vjnso kro `ngseforof ks arkvo brok`jos ni
tjo EJH. Dnro pro`esohy, tjo inurtj ;565 Aogovk @ngvogteng stepuhktos eg ets
krte`ho 21215
tjkt wndog sjkhh bo ospo`ekhhy prnto`tof kakegst kgy kttk`c ng
tjoer jngnur, eg pkrte`uhkr kakegst rkpo, oginr`of prnstetuteng, nr kgy inrd ni
egfo`ogt ksskuht. Bosefos tjkt, tjo krte`ho 19 2:
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Vjoroinro, tjo dkss rkpo kgf soxukh venhog`o wje`j tnnc phk`o eg tjo FR@
furega tjo `eveh wkr kgf seg`o tjog jkvo tn bo `ngseforof ks arkvo brok`jos ni
tjo @ngvogteng kgf tjo Ptkto jks k futy tn prnso`uto tjnso rospngsebho.2:6
Vjkt es ovog truor wjog wo hnnc kt tjo egtorgktengkh `ustndkry hkw wje`j
prnjebets kgy rkpo kgf soxukh venhog`o ks wkr `redos.2:?
Vjo FR@ jks wetgossof krdof arnups `nddettega soxukh shkvory, inr`of
prnstetuteng, rkpo, kgf rkpo `kusega foktj, wehiuh cehhegas ni `evehekgs tjkt fef
gnt tkco pkrt eg tjo jnsteheteos furega tjo pkst twn fo`kfos. Khh tjoso k`ts kro
sovorohy skg`tengof by tjo ruhos ni EJH, ovog wjog tjo `ngihe`t es egtorgo tn k
Ptkto.
Egfoof, tjo `nddng krte`ho 0 tn tjo inur A@ prnjebets furega gng-egtorgktengkh
krdof `ngihe`t, kgy fero`t kttk`c ng `evehekgs wjn fn gnt tkco fero`thy pkrt eg
tjo jnsteheteos. Eg pkrte`uhkr, et stktos tjkt venhog`o tn heio su`j ks durfor ks
wohh ks `ruoh troktdogt su`j ks tnrturo, dutehkteng nr kgy inrd ni `nrpnrkh
pugesjdogt es prnjebetof.2:9 Khboet tjo toxt fnos gnt oxphe`ethy roior tn rkpo,
tjo hkttor es nbvenushy ugforstnnf ks eg`hufof eg tjoso s`ogkrens ks et es k inrd
ni `nrpnrkh pugesjdogt, tnrturo kgf k `ruoh troktdogt nr egfo`ogt ksskuht. 2:1
Hecoweso, tjo krte`ho 6 ni tjo K\ EE tn tjo ;565 A@ pro`eso tjkt nutrkao upng
porsngkh feagety, eg pkrte`uhkr judehektega kgf foarkfega troktdogt, rkpo,
oginr`of prnstetuteng kgf kgy inrd ni egfo`ogt ksskuht () kgf shkvory, kro
k`ts wje`j kro stre`thy inrbeffog ugfor EJH. Vjoroinro, tjo ughkwiuh kttk`cs hof
2:6Inr dnro fotkehs soo Krte`hos ;6: kgf ;65 ni tjo Inurtj Aogovk @ngvogteng.
2:?Poo Ruho 50 ni tjo Egtorgktengkh @ustndkry hkw.2:9
Poo `nddng krt.0 [email protected]:1
Poo E@R@, Ruho 50. Rkpo kgf Ntjor inrds ni Poxukh Yenhog`o8jttp=//www.e`r .nra/`ustndkry-ejh/oga/fn`s/v;^`jk^`jkptor02^ruho507 (E@R@, Jnw fnoshkw prnto`t eg wkrE@R@ Dkgukh, Ynh.;, `jkp.02) k``ossof ng Mugo 2
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by tjo gktengkh deheteks ng tjo @nganhoso `evehekg pnpuhkteng, furega tjo ieajts
kakegst tjo @nganhoso Anvorgdogt kro `ng`orgof by tjoso prnvesengs kgf
sjnuhf bo prnso`utof bksof ng tjes preg`epho. _gteh 2
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Eg nrfor tn prnso`uto k rkpo ks k `redo kakegst judkgety, tjo E@@ johf tjkt et
suiie`os tn prnvo tjkt tjo k`t wks egs`rebof eg k `ngtoxt ni k soreos ni k`ts ni
venhog`o wjnso tjo gkturo kgf sovorety dky feiior `ngseforkbhy. 256 Vjoroinro,
k segaho soxukh ksskuht `kg bo ognuaj tn `ngstetuto k `redo kakegst Judkgety ei
tjo prnso`uteng `kg prnvo tjo hegc botwoog tjes k`t kgf ntjor venhktengs ni tjo
Judkg reajts ni tjo `evehekg pnpuhkteng eg tedo ni krdof `ngihe`t.25? Kgy
porsng `kg bo johf hekbho inr k `redo kakegst judkgety.
Eg tjkt `ngtoxt, tjo E@@ jks npogof ets egvosteakteng eg tjo setukteng ni tjo
Fodn`rkte` Ropubhe` ni @ngan eg 2
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Fyehn, Aordkeg Cktkgak, Dkttjeou Gaufmnhn @jue, Bns`n Gtkakgfk, Pyhvostro
Dufk`udurk kgf @khhexto Dbkrusjedkgk.25:
Ks khrokfy dogtengof, tjo niie`ekh `ngihe`t eg tjo FR@ ogfof eg 2
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Eg tjkt `ngtoxt, ngo `kg wngfor wjotjor tjo foiegeteng ni tnrturo og`ndpkssos
rkpo. Ei et es tjo `kso tjog tjo FR@ wnuhf jkvo tjo nbheakteng tn prnso`uto dkss
rkpo n``urrega ng ets torretnry seg`o ;55:. Eg `kso et wnuhf gnt bo kbho tn fn sn,
tjo @nganhoso anvorgdogt es ogtethof tn ksc kssestkg`o tn tjo E@@.
Eg ;55: khrokfy, sovorkh egtorgktengkh egstkg`os ni Muste`o johf tjkt rkpo `nuhf
bo eg sndo `er`udstkg`os, k inrd ni tnrturo. Egfoof, tjo E@VU0
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eg tjo hkttor, et es `ngseforof tjkt venhog`o bksof ng tjo aogfor es k inrd ni
fes`redegkteng kakegst wndog ks et jegfors tjo wndog tn oxor`eso kgf ogmny
tjoer reajts ks dog fn.0;; Vjo @OFKQ prnvefos inr k hnt ni nbheaktengs 0;2 inr
tjo Ptktos soocega tn ogf soxukh venhog`o kakegst wndog. Inr oxkdpho et
rodegfs us ni tjo edpnrtkg`o ni kg oiie`eogt mufe`ekry systod `ndpnsof ni
stkii tjkt wnuhf jkvo ro`oevof tjo kpprnprekto trkegega tn ro`oevo tjo ve`teds
kgf tjkt wnuhf niior tjo kfoqukto dofe`kh kgf psy`jnhnae`kh kssestkg`o. 0;0
Bosefos, tjo E@@\R prnjebets krbetrkry krrost, fotogteng0;6 kgf shkvory0;? kgf
prnto`ts iroofnd ni dkrrekao0;9
. Vjo prnjebeteng ni shkvory jks khsn boog
rokiierdof by tjo krte`ho 9 ni tjo @OFKQ. 0;1
Kt k roaengkh hovoh, sndo hoakh prnto`tengs jkvo khsn boog `roktof. Eg tjkt
`ngtoxt, tjo FR@ jks boog pkrty tn tjo Kire`kg @jkrtor ng Judkg kgf \onphos'
Reajts seg`o ;5:1.0;: Vjes @jkrtor ogsuros tjo ohedegkteng ni khh inrds ni
fes`redegktengs kakegst wndog kgf tjo prnto`teng ni tjo wndkg kgf tjo `jehf
kakegst kgy inrd ni tnrturo, foarkfega kgf ehh troktdogts kgf shkvoryVjnso
jkf boog rokiierdof by tjo \rntn`nh tn tjo Kire`kg @jkrtor ng Judkg kgf
0;; Judkg Reajts Qkt`j, Og quto fo muste`o = \nursuevro hos kutours fo venhog`os soxuohhos`nddesos pogfkgt hk auorro ku @ngan (Eg pursuet ni Muste`o = prnso`utega tjo porpotrktnrs ni
soxukh venhog`o `nddettof furega tjo @ngan Qkr)Judkg Reajts Qkt`j RopnrtYnh. ;1, Gn.;(K) (Dkr`j 2
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\onphos Reajts ng tjo Reajts ni Qndog eg Kire`k,0;5 tjkt inrbefs k`ts su`j ks
iodkho aogetkh dutehkteng,02< tnrturo, ehh troktdogt02; kgf rokiierds tjo reajt tn
feagety...022 Eg fnega sn, tjo \rntn`nh stktos tjkt=
Ptktos \krteos ugfortkco tn prnto`t ksyhud soocega wndog, roiuaoos,
roturgoos kgf egtorgkhhy fesphk`of porsngs, kakegst khh inrds ni
venhog`o, rkpo kgf ntjor inrds ni soxukh oxphnetkteng, kgf tn ogsuro
tjkt su`j k`ts kro `ngseforof wkr `redos, aogn`efo kgf/nr `redos
kakegst judkgety kgf tjkt tjoer porpotrktnrs kro brnuajt tn muste`o
boinro k `ndpotogt `redegkh muresfe`teng.020
Khh ni tjnso prnvesengs sjkhh bo kppheof kt khh tedos by tjo `ngtrk`tega Ptktos e.o.
ovog eg setuktengs wjoro et es niie`ekhhy ug`hokr wjotjor tjo `nugtry es ik`ega
spnrkfe` k`ts ni venhog`o nghy nr es `rnssof by kg krdof `ngihe`t (egtorgktengkh
nr gnt). Vjoroinro, tjo @nganhoso kutjnreteos kro bnugf tn rospo`t tjoso ruhos
wjog EJH es gnt kpphe`kbho.
0.0.0 Eg @nganhoso gktengkh hkw
k) Vjo dehetkry Muste`o
0;5Frkitof eg ;55? kgf rkteieof by tjo FR@ eg 2
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Irnd ;512 tn 2
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prnjebets `redos kakegst tjo judkgety eg`hufega soxukh venhog`o eg tjo `ngtoxt
ni aogorkhezof kttk`cs kakegst tjo `evehekg pnpuhkteng nr tjo Ptkto 002.000
Vnfky, dkgy GANs su`j ks Kdgosty Egtorgktengkh, fognug`o tjo
eg`ndpktebehety ni tjo oxestega gktengkh hkw wetj tjo Rndo Ptktuto ni tjo E@@
kgf tjo Aogovk @ngvogtengs. Egfoof, ovog ei hettho kdohenrkteng jkvo boog
dkfo seg`o tjo 2
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@nganhoso `redegkh hkw es stehh rohovkgt furega tjo krdof `ngihe`ts eg tjo FR@,
ovog eg tjo torretnreos `ngtrnhhof by tjo roboh arnups. 005
Eg tjkt `ngtoxt, tjo dehetek kgf tjo anvorgdogt kro rospngsebho inr tjo k`ts
`nddettof ng tjo torretnreos ni @ngan kgf sjnuhf bo prnso`utof boinro tjo
fndoste` `redegkh @nurts. Egfoof, tjo @nganhoso `redegkh hkw06< inrbefs rkpo
kgf soxukh venhog`o kakegst wndog kgf prnvefos inr edpresngdogt sogtog`os
inr tjo niiogfor.06; Vjo gktengkh hkw stktos tjkt wndog dust ksc tjoer jusbkgf
pordesseng tn an tn @nurt.062 Vjes ruho `kg `hokrhy bo kg nbstk`ho tn tjo reajt tn
Muste`o kgf es k `hokr brok`j ni tjo egtorgktengkh `redegkh hkw preg`epho wje`j
inrbefs fes`redegkteng botwoog dog kgf wndog060 (ovog sn tjo prk`teso jks
sjnwg tjkt tjo gktengkh @nurts fn gnt `jo`c ei su`j pordesseng jks boog kscof
by tjo wevos). Vjkt hkw `kg bo k fotorrogt inr wndog wjn wesj tn an boinro k
Mufao inr tjo venhog`o tjoy ogfurof ei tjoy tjegc tjkt tjoer jusbkgf deajt
roiuso. Bosefos, tjo hkw es fes`redegktnry tnwkrfs dog ks rkpo es nghy
`ngseforof ks k `redo `nddettof tnwkrfs wndog. 066 Vjus, dog kro fogeof tjo
005 Judkg Reajts Qkt`j, Og quto fo muste`o = \nursuevro hos kutours fo venhog`os soxuohhos`nddesos pogfkgt hk auorro ku @ngan (Eg pursuet ni Muste`o = prnso`utega tjo porpotrktnrs nisoxukh venhog`o `nddettof furega tjo @ngan Qkr)Judkg Reajts Qkt`j RopnrtYnh. ;1, Gn.
;(K) (Dkr`j 2
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reajt tn soo tjoer rkpests boega prnso`utof kgf sn, kro fogeof tjo reajt tn k iker
trekh. Vjo gktengkh hkw06? khsn prnvefos inr kaarkvktega `er`udstkg`os su`j ks
tjo uso ni tnrturo tjkt jkf hof tn foktj.069 Eg tjnso `er`udstkg`os, ei foktj
n``urs, tjo sogtog`o `kg bo tjo foktj pogkhty nr heio edpresngdogt inr tjo
k``usof.061
Vjo akps ni tjo gktengkh hkw jeajheajts tjo trkfetengkh `ng`opteng ni tjo
@nganhoso sn`eoty kgf tjo ugoqukh troktdogts tjkt @nganhoso wndog ogfuro
ovoryfky wjn kro soog ks egiorenr tn dog kgf ugfor tjoer pnwor.06: Cgnwega
tjkt su`j fes`redegktnry ruhos oxest tnwkrf wndog eg pok`oiuh tedo, ngo `kg
wngfor jnw du`j tjo gktengkh `nurts woro wehhega tn skg`teng rkpo eg tjkt
spo`ekh `ngtoxt ni aogorkh venhog`o.
0.6 Vjo Dkgkaodogt ni tjo `redo by tjo @nganhoso \ubhe` Kutjnreteos
Egfoof eg tjo FR@, khh tjo krdof inr`os jkvo boog johf hekbho inr venhog`o
kakegst wndog. Vnfky, tjo @nganhoso Muste`o jks stehh gnt dkgkaof tn `ngtrnh
tjo prnbhod ni soxukh venhog`o. Eg ik`t tjoro es k wefosprokf edpugety ni tjo
niiogfors bo`kuso ni tjo roiuskh ni tjo `nddugety tn `ngsefor tjoso `redos ks
sorenus niiog`os kakegst wndog. Vjes es ehhustrktof tjrnuaj tjo @nganhoso Hkw
tjkt `ngsefors tjes `redo ks k `redo kakegst tjo jngnur ni tjo jusbkgf kgf gnt
kakegst tjo wndog.
065
soxukh venhog`o `nddettof furega tjo @ngan Qkr)Judkg Reajts Qkt`j RopnrtYnh. ;1, Gn.
;(K) (Dkr`j 2
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Eg tjo FR@, tjo hkw prnvefos tjkt `ndbktkgts wnrcega inr tjo gktengkh dehetkry
inr`os dust bo mufaof boinro tjo dehetkry `nurts inr tjo niiog`os tjoy kro
suppnsof tn jkvo porpotrktof wjeho deheteks dodbors nr dutegoors kro ugfor
tjo muresfe`teng ni tjo `eveh trebugkhs. But, tjo @nganhoso hkw es nbsnhoto kgf tjo
aogorkh `hedkto ni edpugety provogts tjo @nurts irnd prnvefega Muste`o. 0?
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inrdor deheteks copt nboyega tn tjoer inrdor roboh arnups kgf gnt tn tjo
egtoarktof dehetkry niie`ekh egstetutengs.0?9 Vjog, ovog tjo niie`ekh krdy jkf
boog johf rospngsebho inr soxukh venhog`o wetjeg tjo `nugtry.
Vjo ugwehhegagoss tn prnso`uto tjo porpotrktnrs ni soxukh venhog`o jks rosuhtof
eg tjo hnss ni `ngiefog`o by tjo survevnrs eg tjo @nganhoso Muste`o systod. Vjo
vory iow trekhs tjkt fokht `ksos ni rkpos eg tjo FR@ fef gnt johp tjod tn trust
tjo mufe`ekh systod.0?1 Ng tjo `ngtrkry, vory iow ve`teds jkf boog kwkro tjkt
prn`oofegas kakegst tjoer rkpests woro boega dkfo. Ngo ni tjoso trekhs es cgnwg
ks tjo Vrekh ni Abkfnheto wje`j roprosogts ngo ni tjo dnst strecega oxkdphos ni
tjo ikehuro ni tjo gktengkh @nurts.0?: Vjoso trekhs n``urrof kitor tjo dkss `redos
kakegst `evehekgs porpotrktof by tjo DH@ trnnps furega dehetkry nporktengs
kakegst k dehetek eg tjo torretnry ni Eture.0?5 Eg 2
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tn tosteiy eg @nurt.096Nghy tjo `nhhokauos ni tjo k``usof woro khhnwof tn spokc
boinro tjo @nurt, nbvenushy dnsthy eg ikvnur ni tjo k``usof.09? Vjo \rnso`utnr,
foprevof ni tjo bkses rosnur`os tn hokf jes egvosteaktengs `nuhf gnt `jkrao tjo
k``usof kgf tjo `nddkgfors inr tjo soxukh niiog`os tjoy `nddettof.099
Vjo
nghy hokfor, wjn jkf boog sogtog`of tn mkeh boinro tjo @nurt, jkf boog
sogtog`of ng tjo arnugf tjkt jo khhnwof tjo egsubnrfegkteng ni jes inr`os kgf
gnt inr tjo k`tukh `redos `nddettof by jes snhfeors wjog tjoy woro ugfor jes
`nddkgf.091
Vjes quostengs tjo bkse` reajt tn k iker trekh inr tjo ve`teds.
Eg tjkt `ngtoxt, et `kg bo gntof tjo ro`ogt oiinrt ni tjo @nganhoso Anvorgdogt
(prossurof by tjo Egtorgktengkh @nddugety kgf GANs) tn ogf tjo `uhturo ni
edpugety. Oiio`tevohy, et jks stkrtof tn robuehf tjo mufe`ekry systod, ospo`ekhhy
by rosottega tjo Vrebugkh eg tjo festre`t ni Eture wjoro tjo ierst `ngfodgktengs
inr rkpo jkf boog prngnug`of.09:
Eg 2
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egtoarktof egtn tjo gktengkh inr`os. Qjog prnso`utengs tnnc phk`o et dkeghy
`ng`orgof bkse` ieajtors wjn jkf boog sogtog`of tn sdkhh sogtog`os ks wohh.012
Degnrs woro khsn egvnhvof eg tjo `nddetdogt ni tjo `redos.010 Yory iow
eginrdkteng jkf boog aevog `ng`orgega tjoer inhhnw-up kitor tjoer kppokrkg`o
boinro tjo @nurt.
Bosefos ovog ei tjo @nganhoso @eveh Pystod ni Muste`o treof tn prnvefo roheoi tn
tjo ve`teds, et jks nghy prnso`utof vory iow `ksos ni rkpo. 016 Vjo kbsog`o ni
`eveh nr `redegkh prnso`utengs kakegst tjnso rospngsebho ni soxukh niiog`os kbots
tn tjo sehog`o ni tjo ve`teds kgf iegkhhy dkcos ets nwg wnrc dnro hkbnrenus ks
et hk`cs ni wetgossos kgf tjus ni ovefog`os . Bosefos, ovog tjo rkro su``ossiuh
prn`oofegas boinro tjo `eveh Muresfe`tengs jkf boog jeajhy `rete`esof by Judkg
Reajts nrakgesktengs wje`j krauof tjkt tjo prn`ofurkh roquerodogts tn k iker
trekh jkf gnt boog rospo`tof (ks k prnpor hoakh roprosogtkteng ni tjo k``usof)
kgf tjkt tjo ve`teds kro gnt suppnrtof by kgy psy`jnhnae`kh johp furega kgf
kitor tjo prn`oofegas ovog tjnuaj su`j prn`oofegas kro cgnwg tn bo vory
trkudktesega.01? Iegkhhy, ovog wjog sndo prn`oofega hokfs tn tjo pugesjdogt
ni tjo k``usof, tjo hkttor fnos gnt khwkys ogf up eg mkeh ks jo sndotedos
dkgkao tn os`kpo irnd presng furega tjo trnubhos `kusof by tjo `ngihe`ts.019
Vjoroinro, dkgy ni tjo ve`teds proiorrof tn roquost johp irnd tjo `eveh sn`eoty
012Ebef.
010Ebef.
016 Ebef.01?
Ebef 0:-05.019
Kdgosty Egtorgktengkh Eh ost todps quo Muste`o snet rogfuo= Hk Rpubhequo fdn`rktequo fu@ngan k bosneg fugo gnuvohho strktaeo og dktero fo Muste`o(Et es tedo inr Muste`o tn bo fngo=tjo FR@ goofs k gow strktoay eg dkttor ni Muste`o) Kdgosty Egtorgktengkh Ropnrt(2
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kgf dnro pro`esohy, hn`kh nrakgesktengs011 tjkt prnvefo tjod wetj hoakh kfve`o
kgf iegkg`ekh suppnrts.01:
Vjus, tjoso nrakgezktengs johpof tn `rokto dnbeho @nurts eg tjo Okstorg pkrt ni
tjo FR@. Vjo dnbeho `nurt prnarkddo jks k strnga in`us ng `redos egvnhvega
soxukh venhog`o.015 Et og`ndpkssos bntj `evehekg kgf dehetkry `nurts kgf jks
boog wefohy woh`ndof by hn`kh `nddugeteos eg Pnutj Cevu ks wohh ks by
egtorgktengkh oxports ng muste`o.0:
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_ginrtugktohy, tjoer rosnur`os kro vory hedetof kgf sn tjoer johp rodkegs
egsuiie`eogt.0:9 Vjes es ovog truor wjog et `ng`orgs soxukh venhog`o. Egfoof, khh
tjo hoakh oxports ro`nagezo tjkt soxukh venhog`o es egjorogthy `ndphox tn prnvo
boinro k @nurt. Et khwkys goofs dofe`kh ovefog`o, oxports kgf trkegof hkwyors
kgf Mufaos.0:1 Vjnso kro rkrohy prosogt eg @nganhoso fndoste` @nurts, ei gnt
prosogt kt khh.
Ng`o kakeg et soods tjkt tjo niie`ekh dokgs tn `krry nut Muste`o kro egoiie`eogt eg
k `nugtry phkauof by `nrrupteng kgf dkss venhog`o. @nddugety-bksof Muste`o
nr hn`kh kpprnk`j by `eveh nrakgezktengs deajt bo tjo `huo tn ogf wetj tjo
`uhturo ni edpugety kgf brega k ioohega ni Muste`o tn tjo ve`teds. Uot et `kggnt
bo suiie`eogt ng ets nwg.
_ginrtugktohy, tjo ro`ogt venhog`o rkeso `ng`orgs kbnut tjo ro`ogt oiinrts tn
prnso`uto soxukh venhog`o kgf deajt shnw nr egtorrupt tjo prnso`utengs ks tjo
Anvorgdogt jks hettho nr gn kutjnrety eg hkrao pkrts ni tjo okst. GANP kgf hn`kh
@nurts kro gnt ognuaj tn provogt su`j venhog`o jkppogega. Vjoroinro, sndo
jkvo krauof tjkt johp sjnuhf bo snuajt irnd tjo Egtorgktengkh systod
ospo`ekhhy tjrnuaj tjo E@@s prn`ofuros. Qjoroni, tjo @nganhoso hoaeshkteng
jkf boog dnfeieof eg nrfor tn eg`hufo tjo Rndo Ptktuto prnvesengs.
0.? Vjo `ngsoquog`os ni tjo rkteie`kteng ni tjo Rndo Ptktuto inr tjo @nganhoso
hoaeshkteng kgf mufe`ekry systod
Qjeho tjo fndoste` hoakh systod rodkegs ugsktesik`tnry, sndo dky krauo tjkt
egtorgktengkh hkw deajt iehh tjo oxestega aksps eg tjo prnto`teng ni wndog
kakegst soxukh venhog`o. Eg tjkt roakrfs, tjo @nganhoso hoakh systod es k dngest
0:9 Ebef.0:1 Ebef.
5:
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systod.0:: Vjoroinro, tjo @ngstetuteng ro`nagesos tjo suporenrety ni
egtorgktengkh hkw nvor tjo fndoste` hoakh nrfor.0:5 Egtorgktengkh trokteos kgf
`ngvogtengs rkteieof nr kpprnvof by tjo Ptkto bo`ndo tjo fndoste` hkw kitor
tjoer pubhe`kteng eg tjo gktengkh Akzotto kgf tjoro es gn goof inr kgy kffetengkh
hoaeshkteng tn aevo oiio`t tn tjo trokty kt gktengkh hovoh.Vjo FR@ rkteieof tjo
Rndo Ptktuto ng ;; Kpreh 2
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kgydnro, ovog eg `kso egvnhvega dodbors ni tjo krdof inr`os. Vjoroby, ks pkrt
ni k aogorkh phkg tn kfkpt tjo nrakgezkteng ni tjo `redegkh prn`ofuro et wks
suppnsof tn dnfeiy tjo `nfo ni Dehetkry Muste`o. Et khsn egtogfof tn nrakgeso
`nnporkteng wetj tjo E@@.052
Vjes rkteie`kteng edpheos tjo goof inr
jkrdngezkteng ni `ortkeg hoaeshktengs wetj tjo roquerodogts ni tjo Ptktuto ni tjo
Egtorgktengkh @redegkh @nurt, pkrte`uhkrhy eg nrfor tn kheag gktengkh hkw
aukrkgtoos wetj tjnso ni tjo E@@ ok`j tedo ks tjoy prnvo tn bo k hnwor nr
egsuiie`eogt prnto`teng k``nrfega tn tjo egtorgktengkh vkhuos.050 Eg nrfor tn fn
sn, et prnjebetof kdgosteos, pkrfngs kgf eddugeteos inr E@@ `redos kgf akvo
ugevorskh Muresfe`teng tn tjo gktengkh @nurts eg roakrfs tn tjoso `redos. 056
Vjo edphodogtkteng ni tjo Rndo Ptktuto es ni `ngseforkbho edpnrtkg`o eg tjo
F@R ks tjo `nugtry es `urrogthy egvosteaktof by tjo E@@. Bosefos, tjo setukteng
eg tjo FR@ es jeajhy prnbhodkte` inr prnso`utengs tn tkco phk`o ks tjo `nugtry
jks boog strkgahof by kg nganega `reses wetj _akgfk kgf Rwkgfk inr fo`kfos
gnw. Vjo pnpuhkteng, ospo`ekhhy wndog kgf `jehfrog kro oksy tkraots kgf iokr
ropreskh. Vjo aogorkh `ngtoxt ni venhog`o eg @ngan dkcos tjo wnrc ni tjo
Mufe`ekh Pystod feiie`uht ei gnt edpnssebho. Vjoroinro, sndo dky krauo tjkt tjo
`jknte` `er`udstkg`os sjnuhf khhnw tjo egtorgktengkh `nddugety tn fokh etsohi
wetj tjo prnso`uteng ni ponpho johf rospngsebho ni soxukh venhog`o nutsefo ni
tjo @nganhoso bnugfkreos wjoro trkegof hoakh tokds kro prosogt tn roprosogt
bntj sefos ikerhy.
052Poo suprk Stjo preg`epho ni `ndphodogtkretyT.
050Hoo Ptngo kgf Dkx fu \hosses, Vjo edphodogtkteng ni tjo Rndo Ptktuto ni tjo
Egtorgktengkh @redegkh @nurt eg Kire`kg @nugtreos (@jkp.:.2.0) Egstetuto inr Po`urety Ptufeos8jttp=//www.esskire`k.nra/`frndostktuto/pkaos/fn`udogt.pfi7 k``ossof ng Mugo 2
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Ngo ni tjo krogks es tjo E@@. Egfoof, jkvega seagof tjo Rndo Ptktuto, tjo FR@
`kg bo johf rospngsebho inr wkr `redos, `redos kakegst Judkgety, `redo ni
aogn`efo tkcega phk`o wetjeg ets torretnry, boinro tjo Egtorgktengkh
Muresfe`teng.
Vjo frkitors ni tjo Rndo Ptktuto jkf boog foophy egihuog`of by tjo wnrc ni tjo
kf jn` Vrebugkhs `ng`orgega soxukh venhog`o. Vjoroinro, tjoy brnkfog tjo
foiegeteng ni wkr `redos kgf `redos kakegst Judkgety tn eg`nrpnrkto soxukh
venhog`o. Hktor ng, tjo dodbors ni tjo @nurts roetorktof stktodogts kbnut tjoer
wehhegagoss tn provogt soxukh `redos. Kffetengkhhy, tjo ierst prnso`utengs hof by
tjo Vrekh @jkdbor `ng`orgof `redos n``urrof ng tjo @nganhoso torretnreos. Ngo
`nuhf jkvo oxpo`tof tjkt et wnuhf hokf tn tjo fovohnpdogt ni tjo `kso hkw ng
soxukh niiog`os. _ginrtugktohy tjo E@@s wnrc fef gnt inhhnw tjes pktj.
Egfoof, roakrfega tjo E@@ prn`oofegas, sndo jkvo krauof tjkt tjo @nurt `nuhf
gnt prnso`uto tjo k``usof inr soxukh venhog`o ks et wks `urrogthy boog fngo by
tjo @nganhoso kutjnreteos. Uot, tjnso `nddogts kro khsn nbmo`tengkbho wjog wo
soo tjo foio`t ni tjo gktengkh prnso`utengs eg tjkt krok. Jnwovor, et soods tjkt
tjo \rnso`utnr es tkcog tjes veow eg heajt ni jes ro`ogt fo`esengs.
0.9 Vjo E@@ prn`oofegas inr tjo FR@
_gfor tjo krte`ho ?0 ni tjo Rndo Ptktuto, tjo \rnso`utnr inr tjo E@@ es ogtethof
tn prnso`uto egfevefukhs rospngsebho ni wkr `redos05?, `redo kakegst
Judkgety059 kgf Aogn`efo051 wjog, ugfor tjo `ng`opt ni `ndphodogtkrety,
fndoste` hoakh systods kro ugwehhega nr aoguegohy ugkbho tn `krry nut kg
05?Poo Krte`ho : ni tjo Rndo Ptktuto.
059Poo Krte`ho 1 ni tjo Rndo Ptktuto.
051Poo Krte`ho 9 ni tjo Rndo Ptktuto.
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egvosteakteng nr prnso`uteng ni kg k``usof egfevefukh. Vjo Ptktuto ni tjo
Egtorgktengkh @redegkh @nurt wks kfnptof eg Rndo ng ;1 Muhy ;55: by k
dkmnrety ni tjo stktos kttogfega tjo Rndo @ngiorog`o. Vjo Rndo Ptktuto
subsoquogthy ogtorof egtn inr`o eg Muhy 2
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Destor Gnbnfeos kgf wje`j jkf boog prnvof vory oiie`eogt inr tjo
prnso`uteng ni aogfor `redos.055
Dnronvor, surpresegahy wjeho et wks ierst roquostof by tjo inrdor \rosefogt
Hkurogt-Fser Ckbehk tjkt tjo E@@ prnso`uto tjnso niiogfors, tjo @nganhoso
anvorgdogt jks seg`o tjog, bo queto rohu`tkgt tn `nnporkto wetj tjo E@@
prnso`uteng tokd kgf krrost tjod.
Bosefos, ovog tjnuaj et deajt bo krauof tjkt tjes `jne`o dkfo by tjo
\rnso`uteng niie`o kedof tn ogsuro tjo prnso`uteng kgf pugesjdogt ni k
@nganhoso krdof inr`os hokfors boinro tjo Egtorgktengkh @redegkh @nurt inr wkr
`redo kgf tjoroinro tn kvnef k setukteng ni edpugety, sndo dofek kgf GANs
krauof tjkt et deajt strogatjog tjo ioohega tjkt tjo prnso`uteng ni soxukh
venhog`o kgf rkpo es gnt wnrtj et kgf hoit bojegf by tjo Egtorgktengkh
Muresfe`teng.6
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Vn `ng`hufo, eg roakrfs tn tjo egtorgktengkh prn`oofegas et soods tjkt et es
roprosogtktevo ni tjo khh `ngtrnvorseos `ng`orgega tjo egtoriorog`o ni
egtorgktengkh k`tnrs eg tjo FR@ dkttors.
0.1 Vjo `ngtrnvorsekh egtoriorog`o ni egtorgktengkh k`tnrs eg tjo `ngihe`t
Ks et jks khrokfy boog pnegtof nut okrheor, oxtorgkh k`tnrs jkf phkyof k rnho eg
tjo `eveh wkr ni tjo FR@. Gnt nghy jkvo tjo goeajbnurs wjn wesjof tn
dngnpnhezo @nganhoso snur`os ni wokhtj but khsn tjo wostorg `nugtreos.
GANs6
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boog kbho tn suo niiogfors inr egtorgktengkh `redos, tjoer ruhegas kro hedetof.6
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Kitor jkvega suddkrezof tjo `jkrk`toreste`s ni soxukh venhog`o n``urrega eg
bntj Ptktos eg tedos ni krdof `ngihe`ts, tjes stufy sjkhh `ndpkro bntj setuktengs
eg nrfor tn `ng`hufo ng tjo bost snhutengs tn bo kppheof tn tjo prnbhod.
@jkptor 6= k `ndpkrktevo stufy ni Rwkgfkg kgf @nganhoso essuos
6.; Egtrnfu`teng
Eg tjo prenr `jkptors, E jkvo in`usof dy wnrc ng prnfu`ega kg nvorveow ni tjo
setukteng roakrfega wndog kgf soxukh venhog`o eg bntj `nugtreos seg`o tjo
nutbrokc ni tjo `ngihe`ts. E jkvo ierst oxphkegof tjo s`npo kgf gkturo ni aogfor-
bksof venhog`o tjoy jkvo ogfurof furega tjo pkst twn fo`kfos kgf tjog
suddkrezof wjkt jks boog tjo setukteng ni tjo hkw kgf ni tjo mufe`ekh systod eg
aogorkh.
Jkvega suddkrezof tjo setukteng eg bntj `nugtreos, et soods rohovkgt tn
`ngirngt tjod. Vjus, E wehh ierst, `ndpkro tjo wky rkpo es por`oevof eg Rwkgfk
kgf eg tjo FR@. Fnega sn, E wehh soo jnw tjo `kuskteng ni tjo pjogndogng jkf
boog oxphkegof eg bntj Ptktos, tjo egihuog`o ngo jks phkyof ng tjo ntjor kgf
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iegkhhy E sjkhh `ndpkro tjo snhutengs prnpnsof eg bntj `ksos. Vjog wo `nuhf
`ng`hufo ng wjkt hossngs `nuhf bo hokrgt irnd tjnso oxporeog`os eg tjo iuturo
prn`oss ni hoaeshktevo frkitega.
6.2 Vjo por`opteng ni soxukh venhog`o eg Rwkgfk kgf tjo FR@
Eg dnst ni tjo wkrs jkvega tkcog phk`o wnrhfwefo, rkpo wks k `nddng iokturo.
Egfoof, wjeho dnsthy fes`nurkaof nr skg`tengof by egtorgktengkh `ustndkry hkw
ni wkr, soxukh venhog`o jkf boog wefohy prk`tesof kgf por`oevof ks gnrdkh eg
tjo `ngtoxt ni aogorkh venhog`o tjkt surrogfors krdof `ngihe`ts.6
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tjkt dks`uhegety wks bksof ng k jeaj soxukh frevo kgf venhog`o kakegst
vuhgorkbho wndog wks k wky tn oxpross et.6;< Vjo krdy egstetuteng ik`ehetktos
tjo jktrof ni wndog kgf sn og`nurkaos rkpo. Eg bntj `nugtreos, wndog kro tjo
weio, tjo dntjor nr tjo fkuajtor. Vjoy kro tjo `ogtropeo`o ni tjo `nddugetys
`njoseng. Ei ynu kttk`c tjo wndkg, ynu kttk`c jor arnup. Qjeho tjoy woro
frevog tn rkpo wndog, snhfeors woro tnhf tjkt tjoy woro kttk`cega tjoer
jusbkgfs, iktjors eg ntjor wnrfs tjo dog suppnsof tn prnto`t tjoer `hkgs.
Qjeho eg bntj `ksos, wndog woro kttk`cof tn wokcog tjoer `hkgs, eg Rwkgfk,
tjo streio hof tn Aogn`efo. Egfoof, eg tjo Rwkgfkg torretnreos, tjo Jutu usof
soxukh venhog`o tn orkfe`kto tjo ogody, gkdohy tjo Vutse, por`oevof ks kgntjor
otjge`kh arnup. Vjoroinro, ks dogtengof okrheor, Jutu usof rkpo tn sprokf
fesoksosu`j ks JEY/KEFP tn fostrny tjo Vutse.6;; Vjoy rkpof Vutse wndog eg
nrfor inr tjod tn aevo bertj tn Jutu `jehfrog. Eg ik`t, tjo otjge` arnup
dodborsjep es bksof ng tjo iktjor. @ngsoquogthy, ei tjo iktjor es k Jutu, jes
sng wehh bo tnn, ovog tjnuaj jes dntjor es k Vutse.
Vjes kspo`t ni tjo Rwkgfkg Aogn`efo es gnt prosogt eg tjo FR@. Egfoof, tjo
kttk`cs hof tnwkrfs wndog kro fero`tof tnwkrfs k feiiorogt ankh. Vjes
feiiorog`o sjnws us tjo hegc botwoog tjo `kusos ni tjo `ngihe`ts kgf tjo `kusos
ni tjo soxukh venhog`o tjkt jkvo n``urrof seg`o ;556 eg tjo roaeng.
6.0 Vjo `kusos kgf `ngsoquog`os ni soxukh venhog`o eg tjo roaeng seg`o ;556
6;< Ebef 651.6;;
Pkgfrk Ck Jng @ju kgf Kggo-Dkreo fo Brnuwor, Rwkgfk Aogn`efo Ye`teds Ppokc Nut
(Jorezngs Dkakzego 2
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Kitor tjo Rwkgfkg Aogn`efo, sovorkh Jutu Rwkgfkg aogn`efkeros ihof tn tjo
FR@ kgf `roktof deheteks. Khtjnuaj, tjoy protogfof tn foiogf Jutus egtorosts
kakegst tjo Vutses, tjoer rokh dntevo wks tn tkco nvor tjo @nganhoso degos
rosnur`os hn`ktof kt tjo bnrfor wetj Rwkgfk.
Vjog et es ugforstkgfkbho tjkt soxukh venhog`o wks nrakgesof ks k wky tn
prnvnco tjo `jkns eg tjo roaeng. Et wks pkrt ni k brnkfor `kdpkeag ni venhog`o
tn `ngtrnh tjo krok kt tjo oxpogso ni tjo niie`ekh anvorgdogt inr`os. Poxukh
venhog`o wks k wky tn fesnrakgeso kgf ugfordego tjo arnup (otjge` nr gnt) tn
aot tjo pnwor eg tjo roaeng. Qndog woro usof ks k tnnh gnt ks prnto`tof
egfevefukhs eg bntj setuktengs. Aogfor rnhos kttrebuteng es tjo fero`t `kuso ni tjkt
pjogndogng. Vjo `nddnggoss ni soxukh venhog`o eg tedo ni krdof `ngihe`t es
tjo derrnr ni tjo sn`ekh kttetufos tnwkrfs wndog eg pok`otedo kgf `kg bo soog
ks ets must rosudpteng.6;2 Qjkt feiiorogtektos tjoso k`ts irnd tjnso eg tedo ni
pok`o es tjo egtogsety, qukgtety kgf tjo vesebehety ni tjkt venhog`o.6;0 Vjo uso
ni soxukh venhog`o ks k wokpng ni wkr es oiio`tevo nghy bo`kuso ni tjo pro-
oxestega `ng`opts ni jngnur, sjkdo kgf soxukhety eg tjo @nganhoso sn`eoteos
tjkt kro fero`thy hegcof tn wndogs bnfeos.6;6 Dks`uhegety es `ngstru`tof
krnugf tjo efok ni venhog`o kgf kakegst wndkg. Vjoro es k goof tn `rokto
`njoseng eg tjo `nddugety by ntjor dokgs tjkt tjo jktrof ni k arnup bo`kuso
ni ets aogfor.6;?
6;2Pkrk Doaor, Rkpo ni tjo @ngan= _gforstkgfega soxukh venhog`o eg tjo `ngihe`t eg tjo
Fodn`rkte` Ropubhe` ni @ngan (Kpreh 2
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Vjes venhog`o kakegst wndog es tjo oxprosseng ni k foopor prnbhod eg tjo
sn`eoty= wjkt es tjo rnho ni tjo wndkg eg tjo `nddugety>
Vnfky, storontypos ng aogfor ksseagof rnhos `ngteguo kgf roeginr`o
fes`redegkteng bksof ng aogfor kgf tjus, aogfor-bksof venhog`o. Inr egstkg`o
eg Rwkgfk, wndog jkvo tn fokh wetj pnvorty wje`j es fero`thy `kusof by
aogfor bksof inrds ni ox`huseng. Egfoof, khtjnuaj 50 por `ogt ni Rwkgfkg
ikrdors kro wndog kgf tjoroinro phky k aroktor rnho eg kare`uhturo, tjoy
`ngteguo tn oxporeog`o feiie`uhty nwgega hkgf kgf ntjor ikrdega kssots,
roakrfhoss ni hoakh `jkgaos tjkt to`jge`khhy pordet wndogs nwgorsjep.6;9
Bosefos, venhog`o wks rogforof pnssebho tjkgcs tn tjo aogorkh `ngtoxt ni
venhog`o kgf tjo fesnrakgezkteng ni tjo krdof arnups. Vjo dkeg roksngs ni tjo
egfes`ephego eg tjo krdy kro oxphkegof by tjo `retorek ni ro`ruetdogt, tjo hk`c ni
kpprnprekto trkegega kgf tjo edpugety. Egfoof, ovog tnfky tjo @nganhoso
gktengkh inr`os kro struaahega wetj kutjnrety essuos. Peg`o tjo Krusjk
Karoodogts inrdor deheteks dodbors jkvo boog eg`nrpnrktof egtn tjo niie`ekh
krdy inr`os eg nrfor tn k`jeovo pok`o. Gngotjohoss, k hnt ni tjod stehh nboy
tjoer deheteks kgf fn gnt rospo`t tjo nrfors aevog by tjoer suporenrs. Et `kg bo
dogtengof pkrte`uhkrhy, @nhngoh Eggn`ogt ]eduregfk kgf Aogorkh Bns`n
Gtkakgfk tjkt kro oetjor hestof eg tjo _G bhk`c hest inr Judkg reajts kbusos nr
ugfor egtorgktengkh wkrrkgt ni krrost by tjo E@@ but wjn, eg 2
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ik`ehetktos rkpo. Bosefos, tjoro es k iegkg`ekh dntevkteng tn rkpo ks tjo dkg es
suppnsof tn prnvefo inr jes weio kgf `jehfrog eg ox`jkgao ni tjo reajt tn aot
egtn soxukh rohktengsjep. Uot, tjo @nganhoso krdy jks gnt boog kbho tn pky
prnporhy ets snhfeors wjn soo hnntega kgf rkpos ks tjo nghy snhutengs. Ks tjoy
`kggnt prnvefo inr tjoer ikdeheos, tjoy boheovo tjkt tjoer wevos wnuhf roiuso
tjod kgf tjoroinro sndo ni tjod ikhh bk`c ng venhog`o. 6;:
Vjo dehetkry inr`os jkvo khsn boog johf hekbho ni krbetrkry fotogtengs kgf
rostre`tengs ni pubhe` heborty ng tjo @nganhoso sneh. Vjus, et hof tjo `evehekg
pnpuhkteng tn festrust tjo kutjnreteos. Qndog ospo`ekhhy coop sehogt wjog tjoy
jkf ik`of venhog`o.
Vjo aogorkh `jkns ni tjo sn`eoty kgf tjo fesnrakgezkteng ni tjo krdof inr`os
jegfor tjo edphodogtkteng ni tjo hoaeshkteng suppnsof tn prnto`t wndog kakegst
tjkt venhog`o kgf tn nrakgezo tjo prnso`uteng ni tjnso rospngsebho. Vjog, ovog
ei hoaeshktengs oxest tn provogt soxukh venhog`o, tjo `nugtry es trkppof eg k
ve`enus `er`ho. Poxukh venhog`o es usof ks k dotjnf ni wkrikro tn wokcog tjo
arnup kgf fesdkgtho tjo niie`ekh krdof inr`os nrakgezkteng kgf pnwor nvor ets
ponpho. Vjog tjo hkttor kro ugkbho tn provogt iurtjor venhog`o tn n``ur.
Eg bntj `nugtreos prnpnsetengs jkf boog dkfo tn provogt iurtjor venhog`o
kakegst wndog kgf tn pugesj tjo niiogfors.
6.6 Vjo egtorgktengkh kgf gktengkh rok`tengs tn tjo dkss soxukh venhog`o eg tjo
roaeng
hegs`uret og RF@(@er`udstkgtekh Ropnrt ng egso`urety eg tjo FR@) Gn.
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Eg tjo kitordktj ni k wkr, dnst ni tjo egirkstru`turos ni tjo Ptkto kro fostrnyof
kgf ugkbho tn iuhieh tjoer rnho. Ptehh, tjoro es k goof inr Muste`o tn provogt iurtjor
ktrn`eteos kgf robuehf k sn`eoty bksof ng trust. Vjoroinro, egtorgktengkh johp es
nitog roquerof eg kffeteng tn gktengkh dokgs ni trkgsetengkh Muste`o.
Eg tjes `kso, twn sots ni k`tengs jkf boog tkcog eg roakrfs tn aogfor-bksof
venhog`o. Ierst, kg Kf jn` Vrebugkh inr Rwkgfk jks boog `roktof. Et wnuhf
jkvo muresfe`teng nvor venhog`o tjkt tnnc phk`o eg ;556 but hot ksefo soxukh
shkvory, rkpos n``urrof eg tjo roiuaoo `kdps (irnd ;55? tn ;55:). But, wjeho
rkpo roqueros jeajhy prnie`eogt oxporteso ks et egvnhvos sogsetevo essuos, tjo
egtorgktengkh Vrebugkh hoakh tokd wks gnt trkegof tn fokh wetj setuktengs tjkt
eg`hufo dkss rkpo kgf ikehof tn brega prniossengkh oxporteso kgf k sogso ni
roheoi tn tjo ve`teds.
Po`ngf, eg roakrfs tn tjo FR@ `ngihe`t, gn kf jn` Vrebugkh wks `roktof.
Egstokf tjes prenr oxporeog`o wks oxpo`tof tn egihuog`o tjo wnrc ni tjo E@@ tn
kvnef ets pkst frkwbk`cs. _ginrtugktohy, bntj egtorgktengkh mufe`ekh systods
jkvo boog jeajhy `rete`ezof. Egfoof, tjo E@@ prnso`uteng tokd strktoay wks tn
prnso`uto `nddkgfors ni tjo niie`ekh krdy nr hokfors ni robohs krdof arnups
inr `redos tjkt fef gnt eg`hufo soxukh venhog`o3 su`j ks tjo inr`of oghestdogt ni
`jehfrog eg tjo krdof inr`os, tnrturo tjoroinro et jks boog skef tjkt rkpo wks k
so`ngf- `hkss `redo.6;5Gngo ni tjo @nganhoso niie`ors jkvega boog prnso`utof
boinro tjo E@@ jks boog egfe`tof ni rkpo. Vjes gnteng tjkt aogfor bksof
venhog`o kro hoss sorenus `redos es khsn roiho`tof wetjeg tjo A@ prnvesengs kgf
dnro spo`eie`khhy eg ets `nddng krte`ho 0 tjkt fnos gnt roior tn rkpo kt khh.
6;5 Hkureo Aroog, Ierst-`hkss redos, so`ngf-`hkss Muste`o= uduhktevo jkraos inr aogfor-bksof`redos kt tjo Egtorgktengkh `redegkh @nurt (2
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Bosefos, rkpo es gnt soog ks k arkvo brok`j ni tjo A@ but nghy ks k venhkteng ni
tjo Vrokteos. Vjnuaj, tjo Rndo Ptktuto,62< egihuog`of by tjo kf Jn` Vrebugkhs
`kso hkw, jkf eg`nrpnrktof tjo gnteng ni rkpo ks `redo kakegst Judkgety, wkr
`redo, arkvo brok`jos ni Aogovk @ngvogteng kgf `redo ni Aogn`efo (ei ntjor
ohodogts kro prosogt). Vjoroinro, et wks jnpof tjkt et wnuhf edprnvo tjo
setukteng ni wndog kakegst aogfor bksof venhog`o. But, eg prk`teso, tjnso
prnvesengs jkf gnt yot boog edphodogtof tn tjo @nganhoso setukteng.
Qjeho tjo egtorgktengkh @nurts jkvo cgnwg hettho edprnvodogt `ng`orgega tjo
provogteng kgf pugesjdogt ni tjnso `redos, tjo gktengkh systods jkvo gnt fngo
sn du`j bottor. Eg tjo @nganhoso `ngtoxt, roinrds kggnug`of by tjo
anvorgdogt jkf gnt boog edphodogtof yot. Qnrst, deheteks jkvo egvkfof Andk
iow dngtjs kan kgf coop porpotrktega dkss k`ts ni venhog`o tnwkrfs `evehekgs.
Eg `er`udstkg`os wjog dkss venhog`o es `nddettof by tjo dkssos kgf tjo
niie`ekh mufe`ekh egirkstru`turos jkvo boog jokvehy fostrnyof nr/kgf `nrruptof,
ngo `kg wngfor wjotjor sndo hoss niie`ekh dokgs `nuhf bo usof tn prnvefo k
sogso ni Muste`o. Joro wo tjegc kbnut tjo Rwkgfkg Ak`k`k `nurts.
Kitor tjo Rwkgfkg Aogn`efo, fndoste` @nurts jkvo boog ugkbho tn fokh wetj
khh tjo prnso`utengs. Vjoroinro, `ngtrnvorsekh krogks ni Muste`o jkf boog `roktof
su`j ks tjo Ak`k`k. Peg`o 2
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nrakgezktengs kgf dofek jkvega ropnrtof tjkt irnd ;55? tn 2
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`ksos wks gnt khwkys k annf tjega. Eg ik`t, Ak`k`k prn`oofegas egvnhvega
soxukh venhog`o woro gnt dkfo eg pubhe`. Uot, ponpho cgnwega et wnuhf bo eg
jues `hns (eg `kdork) auossof tjkt et wks egvnhvega soxukh niiog`os. Bosefos,
tjo prn`oofegas kro nut ni `ngtrnh kgf tjoro es k jeajor resc ni `nrrupteng wjog
tjo trekh es gnt dkfo pubhe`. Eg Rwkgfk, sndo wndog woro niiorof brebo eg
ox`jkgao ni frnppega tjo `kso.620
Dnronvor, tjnso @nurts woro gnt `ngseforof by tjo ve`teds ks porinrdega rokh
pugetevo kgf rostnrktevo Muste`o. Vjoroinro, ovog sn, tjo efok ni `nddugety
bksof Muste`o deajt bo egtorostega eg k pnst wkr `ngtoxt wjoro dnst ni tjo
mufe`ekh egirkstru`turos jkf boog fostrnyof, et sjnuhf bo `kroiuhhy stufeof kgf
edphodogtof eg rospo`t wetj iker trekh roquerodogts kgf et deajt gnt bo tjo bost
krogk tn mufao soxukh niiog`os. Ye`teds usukhhy fn gnt wesj tjoer `kso tn bo
cgnwg by tjoer `nddugety nr ikdehy. Eg tjo FR@, wndog kro gnt rokhhy
por`oevof ks ve`teds but kro ksjkdof ni wjkt tjoy ogfuro. Vjus, et deajt bo
dnro rohovkgt tn wnrc ng tjo por`opteng ni aogfor rnho by tjo @nganhoso
pnpuhkteng boinro bregaega soxukh niiog`os `ksos boinro `nddugety- bksof
`nurts.
6.? @ng`huseng
Vn `ng`hufo, et soods tjkt gktengkh `nurts systods jkvo bntj essuos ni edpugety
kgf `nrrupteng. Qjeho tjo Ak`k`k ikehof tn prnso`uto `redos `nddettof by tjo
R\I, tjo @nganhoso @nurts rkrohy prnso`uto dodbors ni tjo krdy3 wnrst
inrdor dodbors ni tjo deheteks (cgnwg tn jkvo `nddettof `redos) kro
eg`nrpnrktof eg tjo gktengkh krdof inr`os kt jeaj rkgcega pnsetengs. Qetgossos,
620
Judkg Reajts Qkt`j, Rwkgfk, Muste`o @ndprndesof= Vjo Hoak`y ni Rwkgfks@nddugety-Bksof Ak`k`k @nurts Judkg Reajts Qkt`j Ropnrt Gn. ;-?9602-1?1-6 (Dky2
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Mufaos kgf ve`teds kro brebof nr tjroktogof. Joro, wo soo tjkt fuo prn`oss eg
tjo roaeng sjnuhf bo por`oevof ks kg o`ngnde` reajt dnro tjkg k pnhete`kh ngo.
Dngoy es kg edpnrtkgt ik`tnr tn ogsuro tjkg egfopogfogt kgf iker Muste`o es
dkfo inr tjo ve`teds. Ovog sn tjo gktengkh oiinrts woro wohh egtogfof3 tjoro es
stehh tjo uraogt essuo ni rospo`t ni tjo iker trekh roquerodogts. Vjes es ovog dnro
rohovkgt eg roakrfs tn soxukh niiog`os ks ve`teds goof tn trust tjo egstetutengs tn
spokc kbnut wjkt jkppogof tn tjod. Pehog`o rodkegs `rete`kh roakrfega soxukh
venhog`o.
@jkptor ?= @ng`huseng
Hoaeshktengs kt khh hovoh oxest tn prnso`uto aogfor-bksof venhog`o. Qjeho sndo
deajt krauo tjkt EJH es nhf iksjengof eg ets tords kgf deajt gnt `eto rkpo ks k
arkvo brok`j ni tjo A@, tjo `kso hkw, ospo`ekhhy tjo Kckyosu626 `kso, sjnws
tjkt toxts `kg bo egtorprotof eg k wky tn eg`hufo soxukh venhog`o ks k wkr `redo,
`redo kakegst Judkgety nr k`t ni Aogn`efo.Inr egstkg`o, tjo E@@ Ptktuto etsohi
soos soxukh venhog`o ks k arkvo brok`j ni tjo A@ kgf inrosoos ets prnso`uteng.
Gktengkh hkws khsn prnjebet soxukh venhog`o aogorkhhy.
But tjo `nrrupteng ni tjo @nurts kgf k fes`redegktnry sn`en-`uhturkh por`opteng
ni soxukh niiog`os jkvo goaktevo `ngsoquog`os inr tjo mufe`ekh systod.
626Poo Kckyosu, gnto ?9.
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Gngotjohoss, tjo rokh prnbhod es gnt tjo hk`c ni hoaeshkteng but ets
edphodogtkteng. Vjoroinro, E wnuhf karoo wetj tjo k`kfode` veows tjkt hkws
sjnuhf bo rofero`tof tn dnfeiy ofu`kteng prnarkds eg k wky tjkt `jkgao tjo
oxpo`tktengs `ng`orgega aogfor rnhos. Vjo ierst dkttor tn provogt soxukh
venhog`o sjnuhf bo tn `jkgao ponphos wky ni degf roakrfega soxukhety. Poxukh
niiog`os sjnuhf bo `ngseforof eg tjo toxt kgf eg prk`teso ks boega ks sorenus ks
ntjors su`j ks tnrturo, durfor, `redo kakegst Judkgety Vjo wky frkitors eg
aogorkh `hksseiy soxukh niiog`os ks k sub-`ktoanry ni ntjor `redos roiho`ts tjo
wky tjes k`t es por`oevof by tjo pnpuhkteng. Et ugfordegos ets oiio`ts.
Unur aogfor sjnuhf gnt foiego ynur rnho eg tjo sn`eoty. Dks`uhegety sjnuhf gnt
bo por`oevof ks k wky tn oxpross venhog`o tnwkrfs wndog. Qndog rnho eg tjo
sn`eoty sjnuhf bo rovkhnresof kgf gnt hedetof tn tjo efok tjkt tjoy kro dogs
prnporty.62? Eg nrfor tn edprnvo tjo hoaeshkteng eg tjkt sogso, wndog sjnuhf
jkvo k pnhete`kh rnho. Eg Rwkgfk, tjo dkmnrety ni tjo pnpuhkteng es `ndpnsof ni
wndog. Vjoy n``upy ?9 % ni tjo sokts kt tjo \krhekdogt (tjo jeajost
prnpnrteng eg tjo wnrhf) kgf k``nugt inr ?? % ni tjo wnrcinr`o.629
Govortjohoss, soxukh niiog`os jkvo boog k jeaj iokturo ni tjo Aogn`efo kgf
soxukh venhog`o es stehh kg essuo tjkt uraogthy roqueros kttogteng. Joro, et `kg bo
gntof tjkt tjoro es k fe`jntndy botwoog tjo wky wndog kro por`oevof eg tjo
`nddugety kgf tjo rnho ni wndog eg tjo pnhete`kh spjoro. Vjus, ofu`kteng ng
tjo por`opteng ni aogfors rnho eg tjo `nddugety es tjo essuo. K tnp-tn-bnttnd
kpprnk`j tn aogfor-bksof venhkteng es gnt ognuaj. Hkw kro oginr`of wjog tjoy
62? Hkureo Aroog, Ierst-`hkss redos, so`ngf-`hkss Muste`o= uduhktevo jkraos inr aogfor-bksof`redos kt tjo Egtorgktengkh `redegkh @nurt (2
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kro por`oevof ks hoaetedkto by tjo pnpuhkteng. Vjoroinro k bnttnd-tn-tnp
kpprnk`j sjnuhf khsn bo tjnuajt.
Vjo @OFKQ621 prnvefos inr k hnt ni nbheaktengs inr tjo Ptktos soocega tn ogf
soxukh venhog`o kakegst wndog. Et stktos tjo edpnrtkg`o ni `jkgaega dnrkh
kttetufos by wje`j wndog kro roakrfof ks subnrfegkto tn dog nr jkvega
storontypof rnhos. Vjoroinro, et es gnt ognuaj inr wndog tn bo prosogt eg tjo
\krhekdogt, but tjoy sjnuhf khsn jkvo k rnho tn phky eg tjo `eveh sn`eoty tjkt
fnos gnt porpotukto tjnso pktrekr`jkh efok. Qndog sjnuhf bo ro`nagesof ks
egfevefukh wjnso feagety dust bo rospo`tof ks su`j.
Bosefos, ro`ng`ehekteng rodkegs kg essuo eg Rwkgfk gnwkfkys. \onpho stehh
por`oevo tjodsohvos ks bohngaega tn feiiorogt otjgeos. Ofu`ktengkh prnarkds
tjkt prndnto oqukhety efoks kgf tjo `njoseng ni tjo sn`eoty sjnuhf bo
og`nurkaof. Ei ponpho stnp por`oevega tjodsohvos ks sopkrkto ogodeos arnups,
venhog`o wnuhf bo hoss hecohy tn n``ur kakeg. Rwkgfkg pnpuhkteng ioht
prossurof by tjo Anvorgdogt tn k`jeovo ro`ng`ehekteng. Vjoroinro, et fef gnt
wnrc rokhhy wohh. Vjkt sjnws tjo rohovkg`o ni k bnttnd-tn-tnp kpprnk`j tn tjo
essuo. GANs kgf `eveh arnup wnrc eg aogorkh dky bo dnro oiie`eogt joro.
Dnronvor, ronrakgezega tjo krdy es tjo so`ngf essuo tn bo fokht wetj. Vjo
niie`ekh krdof inr`os sjnuhf bo kbho tn prnvefo ets snhfeors prnpor wkaos kgf bo
nrakgezof eg k wky tjkt ogkbhos hnykhty tnwkrfs tjo jeorkr`jy. Vjo gktengkh hkw
sjnuhf prnvefo inr ro`ruetdogt auefohegos (tjo prnjebeteng ni Kdgosty, tjo
inrdkteng ni snhfeors, vottega eg tjo krdy, pnhe`o inr`os kgf tjo Mufe`ekh Pystod
o.a.). \renr deheteks dodbors sjnuhf gnt bo khhnwof tn egtoarkto tjo krdy nr
tjo pnhe`o inr`os but rktjor sjnuhf tkco pkrt eg prnarkds kedof tn roegtoarkto
621Poo krt.;; ospo`ekhhy.
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tjod egtn tjo `evehekg sn`eoty (wjog tjoy kro gnt johf rospngsebho ni `redos)
su`j ks sorve`os ni aogorkh egtorosts, tn ik`ehetkto tjoer `ndo bk`c tn wnrc
Egtorgktengkh iugfega joro deajt bo k snhuteng tn `rokto kg egfopogfogt krdy
tjkt hktor wnuhf bo kbho tn oiie`eogthy fokh wetj deheteks kgf `ngtrnh tjo dego
rosnur`os. Kg egfopogfogt `nddettoo (iugfof by kg egtorgktengkh nrakgezkteng
inr oxkdpho)62: sjkhh bo `roktof tn `ngtrnh tjo annf uso ni tjnso iugfega tn
prnso`uto niiogfors kgf ronrakgeso krdof inr`os. Ng`o nrakgezof kgf wetj
rosnur`os, et sjnuhf bo okseor tn krrost tjnso rospngsebho ni soxukh venhog`o kgf
tjkt wnuhf ogf tjo edpugety kgf `rokto trustiuh egirkstru`turos inr tjo
pnpuhkteng. Khsn, Mufaos wnuhf bo hoss sus`optebho ni boega brebof. Muste`o
wnuhf gnt bo soho`tevo.625 Egfoof, eg Rwkgfk, tjo R\I jkf boog k``usof ni
krnugf 2?
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soxukh venhog`o. Vjo egtorgktengkh `nddugety `kg `ngtrebuto tn tjes prn`oss by
johpega `eveh nrakgezktengs tn rkeso kwkrogoss kgf prnvefo hoakh kfve`o tn tjo
ve`teds but khsn tn hnbby tjo Anvorgdogt tn prnso`uto aogfor-bksof `redos. Et
wnuhf bo ovog bottor por`oevof by tjo pnpuhkteng ei et `ndos irnd `eveh arnups
egstokf ni inroeagors. Vjes es ovog truor eg tjes roaeng wjoro inroeag egihuog`o
jkf boog sn nbmo`tengkbho.
Vjo egihuog`o ni GANs jks khrokfy sjnwof sndo su``oss kgf hof tn sovorkh
egetektevos tn brega Muste`o tn tjo survevnrs ni soxukh venhog`o eg tjo FR@
ospo`ekhhy. Joro, wo tjegc kbnut tjo @nganhoso dnbeho `nurts jkvega
muresfe`teng nvor soxukh niiog`os. Egtorgktengkhhy iugfof tjnso `nurts prnvefof
hkwyors tn tjo ve`teds kgf k``usof ni soxukh venhog`o. Vjes cegf ni egetektevos
sjnuhf bo og`nurkaof ovog sn tjoy jkvo cgnwg sndo frkwbk`cs.
Dofekteskteng ni soxukh `redos deajt khsn brega sndo rosuhts ks et jks boog
soog inr tjo kf jn` Vrebugkh inr tjo inrdor ox- Uuanshkvek. Et es eg khh
Anvorgdogts bost egtorost tn coop k annf edkao eg irngt ni tjo egtorgktengkh
`nddugety kgf khsn boinro ets pnpuhkteng. Vjes dofekteskteng `kg bo pusjof
by tjo `eveh sn`eoty kgf nrakgezktengs.
Vn `ng`hufo tjo Kire`kg Arokt Hkco roaeng jks boog `rnssof by dkss aogfor
bksof venhog`o seg`o tjo okrhy 5
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niiog`os es dnsthy oxphkegof by tjo por`opteng ni aogfor-rnhos eg tjo
`nddugety.
Vjoroinro, tjo goxt stop tn edprnvo tjo setukteng eg roakrfs tn tjoso essuos,
ospo`ekhhy eg tjo roaeng ni tjo Arokt Hkcos, es tjo prnduhakteng ni hkws tjkt
prnvefo inr ofu`ktengkh doksuros but khsn ieajt `nrrupteng. Eg k Ptkto wjoro tjo
Mufe`ekh kgf pnhe`o egirkstru`turos wnrc egfopogfogthy kgf oiie`eogthy tn
prnso`uto tjnso `redos, tjo sorenusgoss ni tjo hkttor wngt bo quostengof
kgydnro kgf tjo por`opteng ni aogfor-bksof rnho wnuhf bo egihuog`of ks wohh.
Et es tjog k fnubho wky egihuog`o tjkt wehh hokf tn tjo roquerof `jkgao. Bosefos,
inroeag egihuog`o jks phkyof kg nbmo`tengkbho rnho eg tjo `ngihe`ts eg tjo roaeng.
Vjus, E wnuhf `ng`ur wetj GANP tjkt fn gnt roiuso oxtorgkh egtoriorog`os but
wkrg ng tjo cegf ni egtorvogteng tjkt wostorg k`tnrs sjnuhf phky.
;2;
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;22
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Kbbrovektengs
KBK Kdore`kg Bkr Kssn`ekteng
K\ Kffetengkh \rntn`nh tn tjo A@
KPI Hkwyors wetjnut Bnrfors
@OFKQ @ngvogteng Ohedegktega khh inrds ni fes`redegkteng kakegst wndog
FR@ Fodn`rkte` Ropubhe` ni @ngan
O@JR Ournpokg @ngvogteng inr tjo \rnto`teng ni Judkg Reajts kgf Iugfkdogtkh Iroofnds
O@tJR Ournpokg @nurt ni Judkg Reajts
IKRF@ Inr`os krdos fo hk Rpubhequo fdn`rktequo fu @ngan (Krdof inr`os inr tjo
FR@)
IFHR Fodn`rkte` Inr`os inr tjo Heborkteng ni Rwkgfk
A@ Aogovk @ngvogtengs
EK@ Egtorgktengkh Krdof @n