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PHYSICAL &
CHEMICAL
PROPERTIES
OF MATTER
Created by
Joey Nunn and David Pauli, 2007
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Physical Properties Physical Properties
A property that can be
observed or measured
without changing the
identity of the matter.
These are often used to
identify and classify matter.
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Examples of Physical
Properties
• Odor
• Volume
• Color
• Texture
• Hardness
• Flexibility
• Shine
• Temperature
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Thermal Conductivity
The ability to transfer
thermal energy from
one area to another.
Example: Plastic
foam is a poor
conductor of heat, so
hot chocolate in this
type of cup will not
burn your hand.
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State
The physical form in which a substance
exists, such as a solid, liquid, or gas.
Example: Water can take on a state of a
solid (ice), liquid, or gas (vapor)
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Malleability
The ability to be
pounded into thin
sheets
Example: Aluminum
can be rolled and
pounded into sheets
to make foil, cans,
and other products.
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Ductility
The ability to be
drawn or pulled into a
wire
Example: Copper is
often used to make
wire.
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Solubility
The ability to dissolve
in another substance
Example: Sugar
dissolves in water
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Density
The amount of matter
occupying a given
volume
Example: Lead is
used to make sinkers
for fishing line
because lead is more
dense than water
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1. What are three physical properties of
water?
2. Why does a golf ball feel heavier than
a ping-pong ball?
3. How can you determine the relative
densities of liquids?
4. How could you determine a coin is
made of pure silver?
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Chemical Properties
A property of matter that
describes a substance
based on its ability to
change into a NEW
substance with different
properties. These
properties are not as
easy to observe as
physical properties.
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Flammability
The ability to burn
Example: Burning a
piece of wood
creates new
substances like ash
and smoke. These
substances have
different properties.
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Reactivity
Two substances get
together and something
happens
• Reactivity with oxygen
• Reactivity with acid
• Reactivity with water Reaction of Sulfuric Acid and Sugar
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What are some
physical and
chemical properties
of this old car?
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Comparing Physical and Chemical Properties
Iron
Substance Physical Property Chemical Property
Reacts
w/oxygen Malleable
Wood Grainy texture Flammable
Rubbing
Alcohol
Clear Liquid Flammable
Helium Less dense
than air Nonflammable
Baking Soda White Powder Reacts
w/vinegar
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Physical Change
A change that affects one or more physical
properties
Example: Breaking a pencil or a piece of
chalk.
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Physical Change Examples
Freezing water
Melting butter
Cutting hair
Dissolving sugar
Mixing oil & vinegar
Bending metal
Can most of these changes be undone?
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Chemical Change
A change that occurs
when one or more
substances are
changed into entirely
new substances with
different properties.
Clues include
production of sound,
light, color, or odor
and/or fizzing,
foaming, or creation
of heat.
Example: Baking a cake
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Chemical Change Examples
Soured milk
Effervescent tablets
Rusting metal
Hot gases
Can most of these changes be undone?
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1.Classify each of the following
properties as either physical or
chemical: reacts with water, breaks
down a seam, is blue, fizzes when
combined with vinegar.
2. What are three clues that indicate a
chemical change might be taking
place?