ocean chemistry chemical properties physical properties
TRANSCRIPT
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Ocean Chemistry
Chemical Properties
Physical Properties
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Foundations
Aristotle Robert Boyle Edmund Halley Count Luigi
Ferdinando Marsigli Antoine Laurent
Lavosier Joseph Louis Gay-
Lussac Alexander Marcet
Johann Georg Forchhammer
William Dittmar Justus von Liebig James Johnstone Vladimir Ivanovich
Vernadsky Alfred Redfield
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Forms of Matter
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The Water Molecule
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The Water Molecule
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The Water Molecule
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Dissolving Ability
Universal solvent Polar nature & hydrogen bonding
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Conservative ions Major constituents have very constant ratios
to one another Not generally removed or added by living
organisms
Nonconservative ions Change concentrations depending on
season, locale and biological processes
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Dissolved Gases
The most abundant gases in the atmosphere and in the oceans: Nitrogen (N2) Oxygen (O2) Carbon dioxide (CO2)
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Dissolved Gases Saturation concentration
The maximum amount of any gas that can be held in solution
Temp, salinity & pressure Solubility has an inverse relationship with
temp and salinity Solubility has a direct relationship with
pressure
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Distribution with Depth Photosynthesis
Sunlight + H2O + CO2 C6H12O6 + O2
Respiration Organics + O2 CO2 + H2O + Energy
Decomposition Uses up oxygen
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O2
Hypoxic Anoxic Anaerobic
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O2 and CO2
CO2
45 – 54 mL/L
Oxygen minimum zone
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Sources of Salt Continental weathering
Riverine input Volcanic gases
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Source (& Sink) of Salt Hydrothermal vents
Discovered in 1977 Geyser on the seafloor Spews super-hot, mineral-rich water Very biodiverse
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Source (& Sink) of Salts Hydrothermal vents
Black Smokers Hottest of the vents Spew iron and sulfide,
which combine to form iron monosulfide (FeS)
White Smokers Cooler temp Barium, Calcium and
Silicon
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Regulating the Salt Balance - Sources & Sinks
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Residence Time RT =Amount of
ionRate of
input or removal
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CO2 and The World Ocean
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The pH of Seawater H+
Hydrogen cation OH-
Hydroxide anion
H+ = OH- H+ < OH- H+ > OH-
Neutral Alkaline Acidic
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Buffering Capacity of CO2
Buffer Substance that prevents sudden, or large,
changes in acidity or alkalinity of a solution
CO2 + H2O H2CO3 H+ + HCO3- 2H+ + CO3
2-
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Fig. 6.18
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Fig. 6.19
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Fig. 6.20
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Fig. 6.21
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Page 103
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