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Personality assessmentPersonality assessment
...in the end, the love you take is equal to the love you ...in the end, the love you take is equal to the love you makemake
Personality assessmentPersonality assessment
...in the end, the love you take is equal to the love you ...in the end, the love you take is equal to the love you makemake
Dr Niko TiliopoulosRoom 448, Brennan McCallum building
Email: [email protected]
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The final summaryThe final summary
ApproachApproach LevelLevel CoverageCoverage CauseCause BiasBias FocusFocus
11stst forceforce
PsychodynamPsychodynamicic
Idiographic-Idiographic-NomotheticNomothetic PartialPartial DeterminedDetermined
SubjectivSubjectivee
(observer(observer))
NegativeNegative
22ndnd forceforce
Behavioural-Behavioural-CognitiveCognitive NomotheticNomothetic Minimal-Minimal-
PartialPartial DeterminedDetermined ObjectiveObjective Positive-Positive-NegativeNegative
33rdrd forceforce HumanisticHumanistic IdiographicIdiographic PartialPartial Non-Non-
determineddetermined
SubjectivSubjectivee
(individua(individual)l)
PositivePositive
ExistentialExistential IdiographicIdiographic HolisticHolistic Non-Non-determineddetermined
SubjectivSubjective(individue(individu
al)al)
Positive-Positive-NegativeNegative
TraitsTraits Idiographic-Idiographic-NomotheticNomothetic
Nearly Nearly holisticholistic ProbableProbable
SubjectivSubjective-e-
ObjectiveObjective
Positive-Positive-NegativeNegative
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General types of personality General types of personality assessmentassessment
Tests of performanceTests of performance Attempt to reveal the intent or internal mental state of a participantAttempt to reveal the intent or internal mental state of a participant
• E.g. Mental abilities tests, IQ tests, Psychomotor testsE.g. Mental abilities tests, IQ tests, Psychomotor tests The problem of The problem of ecological validityecological validity
Behaviour observationsBehaviour observations Assessment of typical manifestations of an attribute within a specific Assessment of typical manifestations of an attribute within a specific
contentcontent• E.g. E.g. (Semi- unstructured)(Semi- unstructured) Interviews, Participant-observations Interviews, Participant-observations (ethnography)(ethnography)
The problem of The problem of replicabilityreplicability
Self (peer)-reportsSelf (peer)-reports Participants are asked to report elements of their (or their peers) Participants are asked to report elements of their (or their peers)
feelings, attitudes, beliefs, values, etc.feelings, attitudes, beliefs, values, etc.• E.g. Personality tests, Standardised (clinical) interviews, surveysE.g. Personality tests, Standardised (clinical) interviews, surveys
The problem of The problem of dishonestydishonesty
Psychophysiological assessmentPsychophysiological assessment Measuring biological functions that relate to personalityMeasuring biological functions that relate to personality
• E.g. fMRI scans, EEG data, GSR data, PET scans, blood tests, gene E.g. fMRI scans, EEG data, GSR data, PET scans, blood tests, gene sequencingsequencing
The problems of The problems of reductionism and practicalityreductionism and practicality
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Scoring (quantifying) your Scoring (quantifying) your personalitypersonality
Established rules for scoring & obtaining Established rules for scoring & obtaining quantitative information from behaviour quantitative information from behaviour samplessamples
Objective scoringObjective scoring E.g. Standardised (Clinical) QuestionnairesE.g. Standardised (Clinical) Questionnaires
Subjective scoringSubjective scoring(psychologist’s judgement)(psychologist’s judgement) E.g. Vignette, Projective, and role-playing E.g. Vignette, Projective, and role-playing
teststests
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Concerns regarding the interpretation of test Concerns regarding the interpretation of test resultsresults
Are the observed attributes real?Are the observed attributes real? (Cultural) test biases(Cultural) test biases Procedural /administrative biasesProcedural /administrative biases FakingFaking Framing and observer biasesFraming and observer biases
Are the observed attributes important?Are the observed attributes important? The difference between statistical and practical The difference between statistical and practical
(psychological) importance(psychological) importance
Do tests help or hurt?Do tests help or hurt? The person as a numberThe person as a number The issue of The issue of labellinglabelling
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PsychometricPsychometric properties of personality properties of personality tests I: tests I: ValidityValidity
The degree to which a test measures The degree to which a test measures what it claims to measurewhat it claims to measure
The appropriateness or meaningfulness The appropriateness or meaningfulness of test scores or interpretationsof test scores or interpretations
The degree to which measurements or The degree to which measurements or observations are a observations are a true representation true representation of realityof reality
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Psychometric properties of personality Psychometric properties of personality tests II: tests II: ReliabilityReliability
The degree of consistency or stability of The degree of consistency or stability of measurement scores across time or measurement scores across time or contextcontext
The absence of measurement The absence of measurement fluctuations that are unaccounted by fluctuations that are unaccounted by the measurement’s scopethe measurement’s scope
An individual should consistently produce An individual should consistently produce similarsimilar responses to any test that measures responses to any test that measures the same personality elementsthe same personality elements
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Reliability vs. ValidityReliability vs. Validity
A valid measure always A valid measure always hitshits the target; a reliable the target; a reliable measure always hits the measure always hits the same placesame place on the target on the target
Reliability is a necessary but Reliability is a necessary but notnot sufficient condition for sufficient condition for validityvalidity
At the conceptual level, a valid measure is At the conceptual level, a valid measure is alwaysalways reliablereliable
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Looking aheadLooking ahead 22ndnd year year
PSYC2014: Personality & Intelligence IPSYC2014: Personality & Intelligence I• In-depth presentation of specific theories, e.g. Freud, Jung, In-depth presentation of specific theories, e.g. Freud, Jung,
Maslow, Bandura, Allport, etc.Maslow, Bandura, Allport, etc.
33rdrd year year PSYC3015: Personality & Intelligence IIPSYC3015: Personality & Intelligence II
• Cross-cultural theories, evolutionary theories, genomic theoriesCross-cultural theories, evolutionary theories, genomic theories
PSYC3018: Abnormal PsychologyPSYC3018: Abnormal Psychology• Personality disorders and other fantastic cuckoo stuff Personality disorders and other fantastic cuckoo stuff
44thth year year Psychometric AssessmentPsychometric Assessment
Religion & SpiritualityReligion & Spirituality
Personality Dynamics & PhilosophyPersonality Dynamics & Philosophy
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Exam Exam information!information!