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PERENNIALIS
M
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What is Perennialism
Comes from the word perennial meaningeverlasting.
A very conservative and inexible philosophy ofeducation.
A teacher-centered philosophy that emphasizesthe importance of transferring nowledge!information! and sills from the older "presumablywiser# generation to the younger one.
Perennialism says since people are human! oneshould teach $rst about humans! not machines ortechni%ues.
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A&' () *+,CA&( o educate the rational person /to
cultivate the intellect
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0(W1*+2*
)ocus on the past and permanentstudies! mastery of facts and timeless
nowledge.
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3ole of *ducation eacher helps students thin rationally/
based on 4ocratic method! oral
exposition/ explicit teaching oftraditional values
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eaching 'ethods 4ub5ect centered
'ethods of disciplining the mindthrough reading and discussion.
Promotes character development
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2eneral Principles ofPerennialism
6. Permanence is more real than change
7. 8uman nature remains essentially the same
no matter the culture9. he good life-the life that is $t for
man:woman to live-remains essentially thesame
;. 'oral principles remain essentially the same
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People of Perennialism 3obert 8utchins Perennialist educator who strongly believed inhaving traditional liberal arts in all schools
&ntroduced the 2reat =oos program
Wanted ( extracurricular activities in schools>saidthey were irrelevant to the learning process
4tated that textboos ?have probably done as muchto degrade the American intelligence as any singleforce.@
Professor and +ean at ale 1aw 4chool
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People of Perennialism 'ortimer Adler
8elped 8utchins organize the 2reat =oos
program Proposed a single elementary and
secondary curriculum for all students!with no curricular electives except the
choice of a second language Professor of Philosophy at Columbia
,niversity
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Perennialism in the Classroom
4tudents spend most of their timemastering the three ?3s@- reading!
Briting! Brithmetic 2reatest importance placed on reading
each values and character trainingthrough discussions about underlying
values and moral principles in stories (nly elective is the choice of second
language
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Perennialism in the Classroomcontinued>
)ew! if any! textboos
4chools are organized around boos!ideas! and concepts
each from the 2reat =oos-wors byhistorys $nest thiners and writers
eachers do not lecture but lead and
facilitate discussions
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Perennialism in the ClassroomContinued>
3ole of the eacher each time-honored classics
1ifelong 1earner
+iscussion 1eader>ot 1ecturer
3ole of the 4tudent Active hiner:1earner
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Perennialism in the Classroomcontinued>
eaching ools 4tandardized ests
eacher-made tests 'emorization
Classic =oos
Classroom 'anagement (rderly rows
eat:Clean room
4trict rules
Punishment:3ewards
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3elated Curriculum rends 2reat boos
- a collection of literature deemed in
Western culture to be foundational!signi$cant! and relevant! regardless of thetime period.
hese boos include the wors of
4ocrates! Aristotle! 8omer! Plato!2eoDrey Chaucer! and William4haespeare.
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Paideia Proposal
All children can learn.
The Paideia Proposal re5ects the assumption that
some children can be fully educated while otherscan only be trained for 5obs. &t asserts that allchildren can master critical thining sills and thatgaps in achievement will diminish as children riseto meet higher expectations.
Adler declares! ?here are no unteachablechildren.@
?All children deserve the same %uality ofeducation! not 5ust the same %uantity.@
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3eturning to the liberal arts
The Trivium consisted ofF
- Grammar- Rhetoric
- Logic
The Quadrivium consisted ofF
- Arithmetic -- umber in itself
- Geometry -- umber in space
- Music, Harmonics, or Tuning Theory -- umber in time
- Astronomy or Cosmology -- umber in space and time
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3eferences
www.oregonstate.edu www.successfuleducation.info
*diger! '. "6GGH#. &nuence of ten leadingeducators of American education. Education,
66I"7#! 7JH. 3etrieved from *=4C(host. Perennialism "7KK9#. 3etrieved from
httpF::www.mtsu.edu:Ltsbrown:pere.htm
4ader! +.! Mittleman! 0. Teachers, Schools, and
Society: A Brief Introduction to Education. p.7KK-7KH. 3etrieved from httpF::www.education.com
httpsF::www.google.com.ph:N%Opaideiaproposal
http://www.education.com/https://www.google.com.ph/#q=paideia+proposalhttps://www.google.com.ph/#q=paideia+proposalhttps://www.google.com.ph/#q=paideia+proposalhttp://www.education.com/http://www.education.com/