Ontwikkeling en implementatie van informatiesystemen
Prof.dr. Sjaak Brinkkemper19 januari 2009
IOBM – Week 4, 2009
Agenda
Introductie: belang goede aanpak
Benaderingen van systeemontwikkeling en implementatie
Fasen in de traditionele benadering van systeemontwikkeling en -implementatie
Leerdoelen
Voor- en nadelen kennen van de verschillende methoden voor systeemontwikkeling
Activiteiten in de verschillende fasen van systeem-ontwikkeling kunnen benoemen
Verschillende wijzen voor het uitrollen van een nieuwe informatiesysteem kunnen onderscheiden (start-up approaches)
Wat zou u doen?
a. Stel u bent hoofd IT b. Stel u bent consultant bij IT service provider
KLM - Accenture: Vervoer van passagiers Passagiers inchecken
Gemeente IJsselsteijn - Conclusion: Gemeentelijke Burger Administratie (GBA) Uittreksels uit het bevolkingsregister verstrekken
Check-in channels @ KLM
Desk check-in
Kiosk check-in
Internet check-in
Gemeente IJsselstein
33.500 inwoners Centrum van Nederland Agglomeratie Utrecht Geen dienstverlening via internet
EAM Modellen van IJsselstein
Agenda
Introductie: belang goede aanpak
Benaderingen van systeemontwikkeling en implementatie
Fasen in de traditionele benadering van systeemontwikkeling en -implementatie
IT-projecten mislukken te vaak
IT investeringenin 2003 bedroegen $852 miljard (IDC)
Vooruitgang gaat langzaam …
[Source: Standish Chaos report, 2001]
Cijfers 2006Success: 35%Failure: 19%Challenged: 34%
Agenda
Introductie: belang goede aanpak
Benaderingen van systeemontwikkeling en implementatie
Fasen in de traditionele benadering van systeemontwikkeling en -implementatie
Parties involved in systems development
Aanvulling op boek:- Business analyst- Solutions architect- Application specialist- Web designer- Test engineer- Technical author- Configuration eng.- …
Information systems planningalignment of corporate and IS goals
Strategic plan
IS planning
Systems development initiatives
Discussie
Wat zijn belangrijke factoren om mee te nemen in een IS planningsproces uitvoeren?– KLM– IJsselsteijn
Aanpakken
1. Systems Development Life Cycle2. Prototyping3. End-user development4. Outsourcing
Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
Voor grote complexe systemen die formele analyse en strakke controle vergenNadelen: Duur, tijdrovend en onvoldoende flexibel. Gevaar van verouderde requirements wanneer systeem eindelijk operationeel is.
‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation
Understand problem
Systems analysisUnderstand solution
Systems designSelect and plan best solution
Systems implementationPlace solution into effect
Systems maintenanceEvaluate results of solution
‘Waterval’ Methode
Prototypingiterative approach
Met name toegepast wanneer user requirements moeilijk te definiëren zijnNadelen: Gevaar om stappen in ontwikkel-proces over te slaan, applicatie wordt niet uit ontwikkeld, gebrekkige documentatie
Determine requirements
Analyzealternatives
Specifydesign
Implementdesign
Userreview
Determine requirements
Analyzealternatives
Specifydesign
Implementdesign
Userreview
Determine requirements
Analyzealternatives
Specifydesign
Implementdesign
Userreview
1e iteratie
2e iteratie
3e iteratie
End-user development
Gebruikers ontwikkelen zelf systemen– met name specialistische systemen die
lokaal worden gebruikt Systemen voldoen beter aan eisen van
de gebruiker IS afdeling is hierbij ondersteunend
Nadelen:– Niet geschikt voor grote transactionele
systemen– Buiten IS afdeling dus testing, documentatie
en onderhoud niet gegarandeerd
Sourcing alternatives for system development
Sourcing: – Getting help from outside, e.g.,
consultants, system integrators Self-sourcing
– Do it yourself with your own IT staff Outsourcing
– Delegation to outside party– Application Service Provider (ASP)
Discussie
Welke bedrijfsfuncties zijn (geen) kandidaat voor outsourcing?– KLM– IJsselsteijn
Denk u later in uw professionele carrière met outsourcing te maken te krijgen?
Discussie
Wat is een verstandige aanpak voor de ontwikkeling van nieuwe systemen?
KLM Gemeente IJsselsteijn
Agenda
Introductie: belang goede aanpak
Benaderingen van systeemontwikkeling en implementatie
Fasen in de traditionele benadering van systeemontwikkeling en -implementatie
Systems investigation
Main activities:– Initiating system investigation– Enterprise Architecting– Feasibility analysis (technical,
economic, legal, operational, schedule)
Main deliverable:– Systems investigation report– Enterprise Architecture
ROIPayback periodDiscounted cashflow
‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation
Understand problem
Systems analysis
Understand solution
Systems design
Select and plan best solution
Systems implementation
Place solution into effect
Systems maintenance
Evaluate results of solution
‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation
Understand problem
Systems analysis
Understand solution
Systems design
Select and plan best solution
Systems implementation
Place solution into effect
Systems maintenance
Evaluate results of solution
Enterprise Architecture (Centre Parcs)
Management
Handling Finance
Call-center
Touroperator
Agent Commission
Booking
BookingBatch
Booking
Booking
Pre-Arrival Package (PAP)
Booking
Booking
Invoice
Payment
Booking
Invoice
Payment
Commission
FinancialReports
Center Parcs Europe (HQ) Individual Parks
Operations
FinancialReports
BookingBatch
Individual Departments
(leisure, catering, retail, housekeeping)
Planning
Reports
Suppliers
Supermarkets (Jumbo)
BookingInformation
Orders
Goods/Services
Finance
Invoice
Payment
FinancialReports
Payments from bookings
Cu
sto
mer
CRM
CustomerInformation
Customer Knowledge
‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation
Understand problem
Systems analysis
Understand solution
Systems design
Select and plan best solution
Systems implementation
Place solution into effect
Systems maintenance
Evaluate results of solution
‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation
Understand problem
Systems analysis
Understand solution
Systems design
Select and plan best solution
Systems implementation
Place solution into effect
Systems maintenance
Evaluate results of solution
System analysis
Main activities:– Data collection (detail problem study)– Data analysis (activity and data
modeling)– Requirements analysis
Main deliverable:– System analysis report– Requirements specification
‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation
Understand problem
Systems analysis
Understand solution
Systems design
Select and plan best solution
Systems implementation
Place solution into effect
Systems maintenance
Evaluate results of solution
‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation
Understand problem
Systems analysis
Understand solution
Systems design
Select and plan best solution
Systems implementation
Place solution into effect
Systems maintenance
Evaluate results of solution
Data modeling‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation
Understand problem
Systems analysis
Understand solution
Systems design
Select and plan best solution
Systems implementation
Place solution into effect
Systems maintenance
Evaluate results of solution
‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation
Understand problem
Systems analysis
Understand solution
Systems design
Select and plan best solution
Systems implementation
Place solution into effect
Systems maintenance
Evaluate results of solution
Activity modeling‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation
Understand problem
Systems analysis
Understand solution
Systems design
Select and plan best solution
Systems implementation
Place solution into effect
Systems maintenance
Evaluate results of solution
‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation
Understand problem
Systems analysis
Understand solution
Systems design
Select and plan best solution
Systems implementation
Place solution into effect
Systems maintenance
Evaluate results of solution
Discussie
Wat zijn belangrijke entiteiten in het domein van:– check-in– verstrekken uittreksel GBA
Zelfde voor activiteiten. Zelfde voor systeemrequirements
Systems design
Main activities:– Develop design (logical and technical)– Generate design alternatives– Freeze design specification– Negotiate contract
Main deliverables:– Design report– Contract with vendor/system integrator
(optional)
‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation
Understand problem
Systems analysisUnderstand solution
Systems designSelect and plan best solution
Systems implementationPlace solution into effect
Systems maintenanceEvaluate results of solution
‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation
Understand problem
Systems analysisUnderstand solution
Systems designSelect and plan best solution
Systems implementationPlace solution into effect
Systems maintenanceEvaluate results of solution
Diag. Name tiascDiag. Desc. Module - Assembly ControlDiag. Version tiB51a
Modification Date 26-11-1999
Assembly ControlParameters(tiasc000)
WIP Estimates(tiasc700)
Assembly LineStatus (tiasc720)
Utilization perCritical OptionCombination(tiasl310)
Line Utilization(tiasl300)
Assembly Lines(tiasl130)
Calendar Codes(tcccp010)
ExchangeableConfigurations
(tiasl230)
Line Sequences(tiasl400)
Employees(tccom001)
Assembly Orders(tiasc200)
Line Segments(tiasl140)
Line Rules (tiasl170)
Remix/SequenceParameters(tiasl410)
SequenceFeedback(tiasc610)
Line Station Orders(tiasc210)
Purchase Orders byLine Station Order
(tiasc211)
Line StationVariants (tiasc220)
Assembly PartSupply Transfer(SILS) (tiasc820)
Assembly PartSupply Transfer
(Batch) (tiasc810)
General Item Data(tcibd001)
Operations(tiasc222)
Assembly Parts(tiasc221)
Tasks (tirou003)Warehouses(tcmcs003)
Option Combinations(tiasl110)
Option CombinationLists (tiasl111)
Bucket Definition(tiasl100)
Buckets (tiasl101)
Assembly PartRequirements
(tiasc740)
Clustered LineStation Orders
(tiasc730)
FinancialTransactions
(tiasc710)
Work Centres(tirou001)
Process TriggerDefinitions (tiasl800)
Assignments(tiasc510)
Assignments byLine Station(tiasc520)
Line Segments byAssembly Line
(tiasl141)
Line Rules by LineSegment (tiasl171)
Resource ActivityTypes (tcccp001)
Cost Components(tcmcs048)
Currencies(tcmcs002)
Features andOptions by LineStation Order
(tiasc212)
Stations by LineSegment (tiasl150)
Option CombinationExpressions (tiasl160)
Option Combination Lists- Option Combinations
(tiasl165)
User
Device
Messages(tiasc001)
Number Groups(tcmcs051)
First Free Numbers(tcmcs050)
Process Triggers(tiasl810)
Workteams byAssignment(tiasc530)
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has calc. office
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System implementationSteps in this phase
‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation
Understand problem
Systems analysis
Understand solution
Systems design
Select and plan best solution
Systems implementation
Place solution into effect
Systems maintenance
Evaluate results of solution
‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation
Understand problem
Systems analysis
Understand solution
Systems design
Select and plan best solution
Systems implementation
Place solution into effect
Systems maintenance
Evaluate results of solution
System implementationStart-up approaches
Alternative 1
Alternative 2
Alternative 3
Alternative 4
‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation
Understand problem
Systems analysis
Understand solution
Systems design
Select and plan best solution
Systems implementation
Place solution into effect
Systems maintenance
Evaluate results of solution
‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation
Understand problem
Systems analysis
Understand solution
Systems design
Select and plan best solution
Systems implementation
Place solution into effect
Systems maintenance
Evaluate results of solution
Discussie
Wat is de beste invoeringstrategie in uw situatie?
Waar hangt de keuze van de invoeringstrategie mee samen?
Onderhoud van het informatiesysteem
Bemannen van een support organisatie– 1e, 2e en 3e lijns ondersteuning
Updates, patches en nieuwe releases van de software
Monitoren van de performance en maken van back-ups
Nieuwe functionaliteit ontwikkelen op verzoek van gebruikers
‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation
Understand problem
Systems analysis
Understand solution
Systems design
Select and plan best solution
Systems implementation
Place solution into effect
Systems maintenance
Evaluate results of solution
‘Waterval’ MethodeSystems investigation
Understand problem
Systems analysis
Understand solution
Systems design
Select and plan best solution
Systems implementation
Place solution into effect
Systems maintenance
Evaluate results of solution
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