Download - NZ Population
Population
New Zealand
Lesson 1: Characteristics and Distribution of NZ Population
Key Questions:1. What are some of the key figures of the NZ population?2. Where is the NZ population located?
Skills: mapping
Do Now:On the piece of blank paper, draw a map of New Zealand and
locate as many of these features as possible:AucklandChristchurchTaurangaNew PlymouthSouthern AlpsWellingtonLake TaupoDunedin
4,143,279
871,696
2,803,673
538,049
0.935
13.94
7.05
0.502
4
75
4,376,300
2,209,200
aging
Activity 1: NZ Population Characteristics
Match the numbers to the categories in your table.
There are three tasks to complete ACCURATELY and NEATLY on each map
Refer to page 10 Anderson text bookGlue in the maps so they do not get lost!After you have glued in the maps copy the following in your
books:
The distribution of NZs population is uneven. This is because people traditionally tend to locate where relief and climatic conditions are favourable. Densely populated areas tend to be associated with rich agriculture and intensive farming, industrial zones and urban centres. Most of the people live on the fertile plains and river deltas close to rivers and the sea.
Activity 2: NZ Population Distribution
Where do people livein New Zealand?
76% live in the North Island
52% live in the Northern regions
(Northland, AucklandWaikato, Bay of
Plenty)
87% live in cities and
towns
56% live in the 4LARGEST urban
areas(Auckland, Christchurch,
Hamilton, Napier-Hastings)
1/3 live in the Auckland region
STUDY BREAK – Where in New Zealand?
MURIWAI BEACH
STUDY BREAK – Where in New Zealand?
WELLINGTON
STUDY BREAK – Where in New Zealand?NAPIER
STUDY BREAK – Where in New Zealand?TAIHAPE
STUDY BREAK – Where in New Zealand?
ABEL TASMAN NATIONAL PARK
Lesson 2: Natural Features Influencing Population Density
Key Questions:1. What are some of the natural features that influence where
people do and don’t live?
Skills: mapping
Do Now:List THREE positives and THREE negatives about the natural
environment of Auckland.
Comparing where people live to NZ’s natural landforms
Population distribution map
NZ Landforms map
Comparing where people live to NZ’s natural landforms
Population distribution map
NZ Landforms map
Less than
2 people
Per sq km
Southern
Alps- very
mountainous,
thin soils
Comparing where people live to NZ’s natural landforms
Population distribution map
NZ Landforms map
More than 25 people persq km (Aucklandmore than 100)
Flat land, easy tobuild on, travel-more favourable
Climate is reallyimportant.
We like lots ofsun and warmth,
not too much rain!Its important for our
farming and agricultureproduce (fruit, wine)
Comparing where people live to NZ’s annual rainfall
Population distribution map
NZ Landforms map
Less than
2 people
Per sq km
Lots of rain-
Over 2000m
m
Southern Alps
Southern Alps
Comparing where people live to NZ’s annual rainfall
Population distribution map
NZ Landforms map
Between 6-25People sq km
ReasonableRainfall-farmingWaikato Waikato
Comparing where people live to NZ’s annual temperature
Population distribution map
NZ Landforms map
Less than
2 people
Per sq km
Really cold-
Less than 6°C
Southern Alps
Southern Alps
Comparing where people live to NZ’s annual temperature
Population distribution map
NZ Landforms map
More than 25
People sq km
Warm-settled
by Maori first,
Kumara growing
Auckland/ Northland
Auckland/ Northland
Comparing where people live to NZ’s annual sunshine hours
Population distribution map
NZ Landforms map
Less than
2 people
Per sq km
Less than
1800 hours
Of sunshine
Southern Alps
Southern Alps
Comparing where people live to NZ’s annual sunshine hours
Population distribution map
NZ Landforms map
6-25 people
Per sq kmWine growing
regions
Gisborne/ Hawkes Bay
Gisborne/ Hawkes Bay
Important Geographic Ideas– In Geography we have 11 IGIs that we
should always try to use when explaining geographic concepts.
– When explaining where people live we should try to use at least one of the following IGIs:
ions
REG Refer to specific areas/ regions
and how regions differ from one
another
AC
CE
SS I
B IL
IT
Y
This refers to how easy or difficult it is to get to different regions (places)
We can refer to distance when
explaining why people close to places like
rivers and the coastline
LO
C
A
TI
O
N
We use this IGI a lot because we must always give specific information
PATTERNWe can use this IGI to look at patterns that can occur
in terms of where groups of people live
Using the maps and info on pages 9-12, choose:– 1 sparsely populated area– 1 areas with high population density
from both the North and South Island on the maps you did yesterday.
Write annotated (notes) summarising the natural factors that repel and attract people (include specific information and IGIs) there.
For each one, try to find ONE similar example from India.
Landforms: Mountainous regions REPEL, like the Southern Alps, which have a population density of less than 1 person per km² because the area is steep making accessibility difficult.
This is similar to the situation in the Himalayas in northern India, where the population is less than 6 people per km2
Choose to answer one of the following:Choose to answer one of the following:
If you could live anywhere in NZ where If you could live anywhere in NZ where would you live and why?would you live and why?
Which island has the best natural Which island has the best natural environment for people? Justify (explain) environment for people? Justify (explain) your answer.your answer.
– Include specific information and natural factors Include specific information and natural factors in your answerin your answer
DO NOW:
Cultural factors relating to Cultural factors relating to population distributionpopulation distribution
Relate to peopleRelate to people They may be social (relating to They may be social (relating to
peoples personal needs) or peoples personal needs) or economic (relating to peoples economic (relating to peoples needs to earn and spend money and needs to earn and spend money and generate wealth)generate wealth)
Often social and economic factors Often social and economic factors are linkedare linked
Historical cultural factors
Maori lived in tribal areas with others who shared the same history and family connections.
They chose defensive sites overlooking transport routes (rivers) for their pas and placed their villages and gardens nearby.
There was safety in numbers
After 1840…After 1840…
NZ became part of the British Empire and was linked to societies in other parts of the world.
Soon NZers were living in towns, earning and spending money, producing and consuming goods and services.
Transport and trading systems provided links
TasksTasks Heading in books:Heading in books:
New Zealanders are concentrated in urban areasNew Zealanders are concentrated in urban areas Read page 14-16 AndersonRead page 14-16 Anderson Answer the following:Answer the following:
– What is a hinterland? Give an example of one-What is a hinterland? Give an example of one-use a diagram to explain if you wantuse a diagram to explain if you want
– What is a primate city?What is a primate city?– What, where and why is NZ’s primate city? What, where and why is NZ’s primate city?
Include specific information Include specific information Complete activities 1 and 2 page 16Complete activities 1 and 2 page 16
Movement in NZ
3. Between
urban areas
2. Between rural and
urban areas
1. Towards
the north of
the country
4. Within urban areas
1. Towards the north of the country Northward Drift
In 1900 NZ’s population was evenly In 1900 NZ’s population was evenly distributed between the two islandsdistributed between the two islands
During the 20During the 20thth century this changed as century this changed as South Islanders and immigrants South Islanders and immigrants moved to the North Islandmoved to the North Island
TaskTask Anderson page 13-Anderson page 13- table on reasons why table on reasons why
people lived in South Island and then headed people lived in South Island and then headed NorthNorth
Why the South Is attracted and then lost Why the South Is attracted and then lost people to the North Islandpeople to the North Island
Draw an outline map of NZ with a BIG arrow Draw an outline map of NZ with a BIG arrow from the South Island to the North Islandfrom the South Island to the North Island
In the map of the South Island write down In the map of the South Island write down reasons why people lived in the South Is reasons why people lived in the South Is between 1865-1890between 1865-1890
In the arrow and North Is write down why In the arrow and North Is write down why people moved northpeople moved north
Migration Model
Key:Key:Push factorsPush factors Flow of peopleFlow of peoplePull factorsPull factorsIntervening obstaclesIntervening obstacles
-++
-
--
++++++Gold rush
overForests were clear, farmland available
Land wars over
Not many opportunities
Auckland developed as main port & industrial area
Cold weather
South Island North Island
21st Century
This northward trend is much less important because 76% of all New Zealanders already live in the North Island, with 52% living in the northern third of the island.
2. Between rural and urban areas
Take a copy of the worksheet.Take a copy of the worksheet. I will hand out a small slip of paper that starts I will hand out a small slip of paper that starts
with an answer and ends with a question.with an answer and ends with a question. One person starts by reading out their One person starts by reading out their
question. Everyone checks their paper. If question. Everyone checks their paper. If someone thinks they have the answer, someone thinks they have the answer, they read it out. If the class agrees, write it they read it out. If the class agrees, write it down on the sheet. The person who read down on the sheet. The person who read the answer then reads out their questionthe answer then reads out their question
Rural to urban drift:Rural to urban drift:– People moving from the country to the cityPeople moving from the country to the city
Eg. From the Waikato to Auckland Eg. From the Waikato to Auckland
Why?Why?– Mainly for economic reasons (jobs)Mainly for economic reasons (jobs)
Agriculture technology improved and so farms Agriculture technology improved and so farms become bigger and machinery replaces become bigger and machinery replaces peoplepeople
Children move from rural areas to cities for Children move from rural areas to cities for educationeducation
Retirees tend to move away from rural areas Retirees tend to move away from rural areas (too much hard work) (too much hard work)
BUTBUTBecause 87% of NZers live in urban (city) Because 87% of NZers live in urban (city)
areas we now see a areas we now see a counterflowcounterflow called called the:the:
Urban to rural drift:Urban to rural drift:– People moving from the city to the countryPeople moving from the city to the country
Eg. Auckland to NorthlandEg. Auckland to Northland
Why?Why?– People can commute easilyPeople can commute easily– People like living on lifestyle blocks-better People like living on lifestyle blocks-better
lifestyle lifestyle– Maori people are returning to tribal landsMaori people are returning to tribal lands
3. Migration between urban 3. Migration between urban areasareas
Inter-urban migration is movement Inter-urban migration is movement between cities in New Zealand.between cities in New Zealand.
Why do most people move? (pg 34)Why do most people move? (pg 34)
4. Migration within urban areas4. Migration within urban areas
Intra-urban migration is movement Intra-urban migration is movement inside cities. This is the most common inside cities. This is the most common migration in New Zealand.migration in New Zealand.
Off the top of your head, think of four Off the top of your head, think of four things that cause people to move things that cause people to move within the city. Perhaps you can within the city. Perhaps you can use your family as an example?use your family as an example?
TaskTask Copy the diagram showing why people Copy the diagram showing why people
move towards or away from a city move towards or away from a city centre migration model on page 35 centre migration model on page 35 (figure 3.24)(figure 3.24)
SUMMARIZE!!
External MigrationExternal Migration
In 2006 nearly ¼ (23%) of New Zealand’s In 2006 nearly ¼ (23%) of New Zealand’s total population had been born total population had been born overseas.overseas.
New Zealand government uses New Zealand government uses immigration laws and quotas to control immigration laws and quotas to control immigrationimmigration into New Zealand. into New Zealand.
The New Zealand government does not The New Zealand government does not control control emigrationemigration. New Zealanders . New Zealanders are able to move overseas if they want are able to move overseas if they want to.to.
Discussion: Should we have immigration quotas?
Tasks Tasks Read pages 24-26 AndersonRead pages 24-26 Anderson Heading in books:Heading in books:
Government control of immigrationGovernment control of immigration Answer the following:Answer the following:
– Until 1987 what sort of immigrants did NZ Until 1987 what sort of immigrants did NZ immigration laws encourage?immigration laws encourage?
– Who are exempt from NZ immigration laws?Who are exempt from NZ immigration laws?– From 1870-1975, what and to whom were the From 1870-1975, what and to whom were the
NZ Government offering for NZ Government offering for immigration?immigration?
– What happened in 1950?What happened in 1950?– What is the main reason NZ has changed from What is the main reason NZ has changed from
a bicultural to a multicultural nation a bicultural to a multicultural nation since 1990?since 1990?
Tasks Tasks Heading in books:Heading in books:
Emigration is not controlled in NZEmigration is not controlled in NZ Read page 26 AndersonRead page 26 Anderson Answer the following:Answer the following:
– Why have many New Zealanders Why have many New Zealanders emigrated to Australia in recent years?emigrated to Australia in recent years?
– Provide two examples of emigrants from Provide two examples of emigrants from NZNZ
– Using figure 3.9b name the top three Using figure 3.9b name the top three areas New Zealanders emigrated to in areas New Zealanders emigrated to in 20062006
TasksTasks Heading in books:Heading in books:
How has external migration affected How has external migration affected New Zealand?New Zealand?
Make a list of at least THREE positive Make a list of at least THREE positive and THREE negative and THREE negative consequences of external consequences of external migrationmigration
Title: Element 4: Changes in the Title: Element 4: Changes in the size of a populationsize of a population
Aim:Aim: To know what has happened To know what has happened over time to change NZ’s over time to change NZ’s population sizepopulation size
Task Task Read page 42 AndersonRead page 42 Anderson Make your own copy of figure 4.5Make your own copy of figure 4.5
Heading: Heading: Changing growth trendsChanging growth trends Read page 43Read page 43 Using table 4.2 write 4 sentences Using table 4.2 write 4 sentences
summarising the trends from 1890-2006summarising the trends from 1890-2006 Complete the handout using the Complete the handout using the
information on page 43-44information on page 43-44
Age structureAge structure
Aim:Aim: To look at NZ’s ageing To look at NZ’s ageing population and the problems population and the problems associated with itassociated with it
Starter: Starter: What is an ageing What is an ageing population?population?
Reasons for ageing Reasons for ageing populationpopulation
People are living longerPeople are living longer– Improvements in medical science and Improvements in medical science and
public health have increased life public health have increased life expectancy expectancy
‘‘Baby boomers’ of the 1940s, 50s Baby boomers’ of the 1940s, 50s and early 1960s are about to retireand early 1960s are about to retire
Fewer babies are being born. A Fewer babies are being born. A falling birth rate means there are falling birth rate means there are proportionally more eldery peopleproportionally more eldery people
ISSUES- Positive (good) ISSUES- Positive (good) effectseffects
ISSUES- Negative (bad) ISSUES- Negative (bad) effectseffects
Possible solution to Possible solution to IssuesIssues
Effects on older people Effects on older people themselvesthemselves
-More free time-More free time
-Social- having friends-Social- having friends
-New facilities, possibly -New facilities, possibly closer to familycloser to family
-More people to do -More people to do volunteer workvolunteer work
-Can’t afford to retireCan’t afford to retire-Loss of independence Loss of independence -Loneliness for someLoneliness for some
Effects on younger Effects on younger peoplepeople
-Gain knowledge from -Gain knowledge from older peopleolder people
-Have contact with -Have contact with grandparents, someone grandparents, someone home to look after kidshome to look after kids
-Reduced youth popn -Reduced youth popn may mean schools closemay mean schools close
-might have to look -might have to look after grandparentsafter grandparents
-May be less jobs as -May be less jobs as older people continue to older people continue to workwork
-Increased financial and -Increased financial and emotional burdenemotional burden
Effects on NZEffects on NZ -Skilled and -Skilled and experienced work forceexperienced work force
-Volunteer work-Volunteer work
-Knowledge on history -Knowledge on history and pastand past
-New jobs ie building -New jobs ie building facilities facilities
-Cost of superannuation -Cost of superannuation and building facilities to and building facilities to cater for elderlycater for elderly
-Burden on health -Burden on health system (increase health system (increase health care costs)care costs)
-Work force shortages -Work force shortages when older people when older people retireretire
Ageing PopulationAgeing Population
An ageing population is a population An ageing population is a population whose percentage of elderly people whose percentage of elderly people (over 65) is increasing. This (over 65) is increasing. This can happen because of:can happen because of:
falling birth and fertility ratesfalling birth and fertility rates increased life expectancy (people increased life expectancy (people
living longer)living longer) emigration of young adultsemigration of young adults
Ageing PopulationAgeing Population
People in the 20-59 years age groups People in the 20-59 years age groups are the productive, working section are the productive, working section of the population. They pay taxes of the population. They pay taxes and keep the economy turning over.and keep the economy turning over.
Under 20s or over 65 (retirement age) Under 20s or over 65 (retirement age) are dependent on wage earners to are dependent on wage earners to support them. This is called the burden support them. This is called the burden of dependency.of dependency.
Problems of an ageing populationProblems of an ageing population
large proportion of the population older than large proportion of the population older than 65 = large dependent population65 = large dependent population
increasing demand on health servicesincreasing demand on health services who will provide for the dependent who will provide for the dependent
population?population?
Possible solutions:Possible solutions: the Government provides for the elderly the Government provides for the elderly
(through the taxes of the working-age people(through the taxes of the working-age people the elderly provide for themselves by saving the elderly provide for themselves by saving
when they were workingwhen they were working families look after their elderlyfamilies look after their elderly