nz population

Population

New Zealand

Lesson 1: Characteristics and Distribution of NZ Population

Key Questions:1. What are some of the key figures of the NZ population?2. Where is the NZ population located?

Skills: mapping

Do Now:On the piece of blank paper, draw a map of New Zealand and

locate as many of these features as possible:AucklandChristchurchTaurangaNew PlymouthSouthern AlpsWellingtonLake TaupoDunedin

4,143,279

871,696

2,803,673

538,049

0.935

13.94

7.05

0.502

4

75

4,376,300

2,209,200

aging

Activity 1: NZ Population Characteristics

Match the numbers to the categories in your table.

There are three tasks to complete ACCURATELY and NEATLY on each map

Refer to page 10 Anderson text bookGlue in the maps so they do not get lost!After you have glued in the maps copy the following in your

books:

The distribution of NZs population is uneven. This is because people traditionally tend to locate where relief and climatic conditions are favourable. Densely populated areas tend to be associated with rich agriculture and intensive farming, industrial zones and urban centres. Most of the people live on the fertile plains and river deltas close to rivers and the sea.

Activity 2: NZ Population Distribution

Where do people livein New Zealand?

76% live in the North Island

52% live in the Northern regions

(Northland, AucklandWaikato, Bay of

Plenty)

87% live in cities and

towns

56% live in the 4LARGEST urban

areas(Auckland, Christchurch,

Hamilton, Napier-Hastings)

1/3 live in the Auckland region

STUDY BREAK – Where in New Zealand?

MURIWAI BEACH


WELLINGTON

STUDY BREAK – Where in New Zealand?NAPIER

STUDY BREAK – Where in New Zealand?TAIHAPE


ABEL TASMAN NATIONAL PARK

Lesson 2: Natural Features Influencing Population Density

Key Questions:1. What are some of the natural features that influence where

people do and don’t live?

Skills: mapping

Do Now:List THREE positives and THREE negatives about the natural

environment of Auckland.

Comparing where people live to NZ’s natural landforms

Population distribution map

NZ Landforms map



NZ Landforms map

Less than

2 people

Per sq km

Southern

Alps- very

mountainous,

thin soils



NZ Landforms map

More than 25 people persq km (Aucklandmore than 100)

Flat land, easy tobuild on, travel-more favourable

Climate is reallyimportant.

We like lots ofsun and warmth,

not too much rain!Its important for our

farming and agricultureproduce (fruit, wine)

Comparing where people live to NZ’s annual rainfall


NZ Landforms map

Less than

2 people

Per sq km

Lots of rain-

Over 2000m

m

Southern Alps

Southern Alps

Comparing where people live to NZ’s annual rainfall


NZ Landforms map

Between 6-25People sq km

ReasonableRainfall-farmingWaikato Waikato

Comparing where people live to NZ’s annual temperature


NZ Landforms map

Less than

2 people

Per sq km

Really cold-

Less than 6°C

Southern Alps

Southern Alps

Comparing where people live to NZ’s annual temperature


NZ Landforms map

More than 25

People sq km

Warm-settled

by Maori first,

Kumara growing

Auckland/ Northland

Auckland/ Northland

Comparing where people live to NZ’s annual sunshine hours


NZ Landforms map

Less than

2 people

Per sq km

Less than

1800 hours

Of sunshine

Southern Alps

Southern Alps

Comparing where people live to NZ’s annual sunshine hours


NZ Landforms map

6-25 people

Per sq kmWine growing

regions

Gisborne/ Hawkes Bay

Gisborne/ Hawkes Bay

Important Geographic Ideas– In Geography we have 11 IGIs that we

should always try to use when explaining geographic concepts.

– When explaining where people live we should try to use at least one of the following IGIs:

ions

REG Refer to specific areas/ regions

and how regions differ from one

another

AC

CE

SS I

B IL

IT

Y

This refers to how easy or difficult it is to get to different regions (places)

We can refer to distance when

explaining why people close to places like

rivers and the coastline

LO

C

A

TI

O

N

We use this IGI a lot because we must always give specific information

PATTERNWe can use this IGI to look at patterns that can occur

in terms of where groups of people live

Using the maps and info on pages 9-12, choose:– 1 sparsely populated area– 1 areas with high population density

from both the North and South Island on the maps you did yesterday.

Write annotated (notes) summarising the natural factors that repel and attract people (include specific information and IGIs) there.

For each one, try to find ONE similar example from India.

Landforms: Mountainous regions REPEL, like the Southern Alps, which have a population density of less than 1 person per km² because the area is steep making accessibility difficult.

This is similar to the situation in the Himalayas in northern India, where the population is less than 6 people per km2

Choose to answer one of the following:Choose to answer one of the following:

If you could live anywhere in NZ where If you could live anywhere in NZ where would you live and why?would you live and why?

Which island has the best natural Which island has the best natural environment for people? Justify (explain) environment for people? Justify (explain) your answer.your answer.

– Include specific information and natural factors Include specific information and natural factors in your answerin your answer

DO NOW:

Cultural factors relating to Cultural factors relating to population distributionpopulation distribution

Relate to peopleRelate to people They may be social (relating to They may be social (relating to

peoples personal needs) or peoples personal needs) or economic (relating to peoples economic (relating to peoples needs to earn and spend money and needs to earn and spend money and generate wealth)generate wealth)

Often social and economic factors Often social and economic factors are linkedare linked

Historical cultural factors

Maori lived in tribal areas with others who shared the same history and family connections.

They chose defensive sites overlooking transport routes (rivers) for their pas and placed their villages and gardens nearby.

There was safety in numbers

After 1840…After 1840…

NZ became part of the British Empire and was linked to societies in other parts of the world.

Soon NZers were living in towns, earning and spending money, producing and consuming goods and services.

Transport and trading systems provided links

TasksTasks Heading in books:Heading in books:

New Zealanders are concentrated in urban areasNew Zealanders are concentrated in urban areas Read page 14-16 AndersonRead page 14-16 Anderson Answer the following:Answer the following:

– What is a hinterland? Give an example of one-What is a hinterland? Give an example of one-use a diagram to explain if you wantuse a diagram to explain if you want

– What is a primate city?What is a primate city?– What, where and why is NZ’s primate city? What, where and why is NZ’s primate city?

Include specific information Include specific information Complete activities 1 and 2 page 16Complete activities 1 and 2 page 16

Movement in NZ

3. Between

urban areas

2. Between rural and

urban areas

1. Towards

the north of

the country

4. Within urban areas

1. Towards the north of the country Northward Drift

In 1900 NZ’s population was evenly In 1900 NZ’s population was evenly distributed between the two islandsdistributed between the two islands

During the 20During the 20thth century this changed as century this changed as South Islanders and immigrants South Islanders and immigrants moved to the North Islandmoved to the North Island

TaskTask Anderson page 13-Anderson page 13- table on reasons why table on reasons why

people lived in South Island and then headed people lived in South Island and then headed NorthNorth

Why the South Is attracted and then lost Why the South Is attracted and then lost people to the North Islandpeople to the North Island

Draw an outline map of NZ with a BIG arrow Draw an outline map of NZ with a BIG arrow from the South Island to the North Islandfrom the South Island to the North Island

In the map of the South Island write down In the map of the South Island write down reasons why people lived in the South Is reasons why people lived in the South Is between 1865-1890between 1865-1890

In the arrow and North Is write down why In the arrow and North Is write down why people moved northpeople moved north

Migration Model

Key:Key:Push factorsPush factors Flow of peopleFlow of peoplePull factorsPull factorsIntervening obstaclesIntervening obstacles

-++

-

--

++++++Gold rush

overForests were clear, farmland available

Land wars over

Not many opportunities

Auckland developed as main port & industrial area

Cold weather

South Island North Island

21st Century

This northward trend is much less important because 76% of all New Zealanders already live in the North Island, with 52% living in the northern third of the island.

2. Between rural and urban areas

Take a copy of the worksheet.Take a copy of the worksheet. I will hand out a small slip of paper that starts I will hand out a small slip of paper that starts

with an answer and ends with a question.with an answer and ends with a question. One person starts by reading out their One person starts by reading out their

question. Everyone checks their paper. If question. Everyone checks their paper. If someone thinks they have the answer, someone thinks they have the answer, they read it out. If the class agrees, write it they read it out. If the class agrees, write it down on the sheet. The person who read down on the sheet. The person who read the answer then reads out their questionthe answer then reads out their question

Rural to urban drift:Rural to urban drift:– People moving from the country to the cityPeople moving from the country to the city

Eg. From the Waikato to Auckland Eg. From the Waikato to Auckland

Why?Why?– Mainly for economic reasons (jobs)Mainly for economic reasons (jobs)

Agriculture technology improved and so farms Agriculture technology improved and so farms become bigger and machinery replaces become bigger and machinery replaces peoplepeople

Children move from rural areas to cities for Children move from rural areas to cities for educationeducation

Retirees tend to move away from rural areas Retirees tend to move away from rural areas (too much hard work) (too much hard work)

BUTBUTBecause 87% of NZers live in urban (city) Because 87% of NZers live in urban (city)

areas we now see a areas we now see a counterflowcounterflow called called the:the:

Urban to rural drift:Urban to rural drift:– People moving from the city to the countryPeople moving from the city to the country

Eg. Auckland to NorthlandEg. Auckland to Northland

Why?Why?– People can commute easilyPeople can commute easily– People like living on lifestyle blocks-better People like living on lifestyle blocks-better

lifestyle lifestyle– Maori people are returning to tribal landsMaori people are returning to tribal lands

3. Migration between urban 3. Migration between urban areasareas

Inter-urban migration is movement Inter-urban migration is movement between cities in New Zealand.between cities in New Zealand.

Why do most people move? (pg 34)Why do most people move? (pg 34)

4. Migration within urban areas4. Migration within urban areas

Intra-urban migration is movement Intra-urban migration is movement inside cities. This is the most common inside cities. This is the most common migration in New Zealand.migration in New Zealand.

Off the top of your head, think of four Off the top of your head, think of four things that cause people to move things that cause people to move within the city. Perhaps you can within the city. Perhaps you can use your family as an example?use your family as an example?

TaskTask Copy the diagram showing why people Copy the diagram showing why people

move towards or away from a city move towards or away from a city centre migration model on page 35 centre migration model on page 35 (figure 3.24)(figure 3.24)

SUMMARIZE!!

External MigrationExternal Migration

In 2006 nearly ¼ (23%) of New Zealand’s In 2006 nearly ¼ (23%) of New Zealand’s total population had been born total population had been born overseas.overseas.

New Zealand government uses New Zealand government uses immigration laws and quotas to control immigration laws and quotas to control immigrationimmigration into New Zealand. into New Zealand.

The New Zealand government does not The New Zealand government does not control control emigrationemigration. New Zealanders . New Zealanders are able to move overseas if they want are able to move overseas if they want to.to.

Discussion: Should we have immigration quotas?

Tasks Tasks Read pages 24-26 AndersonRead pages 24-26 Anderson Heading in books:Heading in books:

Government control of immigrationGovernment control of immigration Answer the following:Answer the following:

– Until 1987 what sort of immigrants did NZ Until 1987 what sort of immigrants did NZ immigration laws encourage?immigration laws encourage?

– Who are exempt from NZ immigration laws?Who are exempt from NZ immigration laws?– From 1870-1975, what and to whom were the From 1870-1975, what and to whom were the

NZ Government offering for NZ Government offering for immigration?immigration?

– What happened in 1950?What happened in 1950?– What is the main reason NZ has changed from What is the main reason NZ has changed from

a bicultural to a multicultural nation a bicultural to a multicultural nation since 1990?since 1990?

Tasks Tasks Heading in books:Heading in books:

Emigration is not controlled in NZEmigration is not controlled in NZ Read page 26 AndersonRead page 26 Anderson Answer the following:Answer the following:

– Why have many New Zealanders Why have many New Zealanders emigrated to Australia in recent years?emigrated to Australia in recent years?

– Provide two examples of emigrants from Provide two examples of emigrants from NZNZ

– Using figure 3.9b name the top three Using figure 3.9b name the top three areas New Zealanders emigrated to in areas New Zealanders emigrated to in 20062006

TasksTasks Heading in books:Heading in books:

How has external migration affected How has external migration affected New Zealand?New Zealand?

Make a list of at least THREE positive Make a list of at least THREE positive and THREE negative and THREE negative consequences of external consequences of external migrationmigration

Title: Element 4: Changes in the Title: Element 4: Changes in the size of a populationsize of a population

Aim:Aim: To know what has happened To know what has happened over time to change NZ’s over time to change NZ’s population sizepopulation size

Task Task Read page 42 AndersonRead page 42 Anderson Make your own copy of figure 4.5Make your own copy of figure 4.5

Heading: Heading: Changing growth trendsChanging growth trends Read page 43Read page 43 Using table 4.2 write 4 sentences Using table 4.2 write 4 sentences

summarising the trends from 1890-2006summarising the trends from 1890-2006 Complete the handout using the Complete the handout using the

information on page 43-44information on page 43-44

Age structureAge structure

Aim:Aim: To look at NZ’s ageing To look at NZ’s ageing population and the problems population and the problems associated with itassociated with it

Starter: Starter: What is an ageing What is an ageing population?population?

Reasons for ageing Reasons for ageing populationpopulation

People are living longerPeople are living longer– Improvements in medical science and Improvements in medical science and

public health have increased life public health have increased life expectancy expectancy

‘‘Baby boomers’ of the 1940s, 50s Baby boomers’ of the 1940s, 50s and early 1960s are about to retireand early 1960s are about to retire

Fewer babies are being born. A Fewer babies are being born. A falling birth rate means there are falling birth rate means there are proportionally more eldery peopleproportionally more eldery people

ISSUES- Positive (good) ISSUES- Positive (good) effectseffects

ISSUES- Negative (bad) ISSUES- Negative (bad) effectseffects

Possible solution to Possible solution to IssuesIssues

Effects on older people Effects on older people themselvesthemselves

-More free time-More free time

-Social- having friends-Social- having friends

-New facilities, possibly -New facilities, possibly closer to familycloser to family

-More people to do -More people to do volunteer workvolunteer work

-Can’t afford to retireCan’t afford to retire-Loss of independence Loss of independence -Loneliness for someLoneliness for some

Effects on younger Effects on younger peoplepeople

-Gain knowledge from -Gain knowledge from older peopleolder people

-Have contact with -Have contact with grandparents, someone grandparents, someone home to look after kidshome to look after kids

-Reduced youth popn -Reduced youth popn may mean schools closemay mean schools close

-might have to look -might have to look after grandparentsafter grandparents

-May be less jobs as -May be less jobs as older people continue to older people continue to workwork

-Increased financial and -Increased financial and emotional burdenemotional burden

Effects on NZEffects on NZ -Skilled and -Skilled and experienced work forceexperienced work force

-Volunteer work-Volunteer work

-Knowledge on history -Knowledge on history and pastand past

-New jobs ie building -New jobs ie building facilities facilities

-Cost of superannuation -Cost of superannuation and building facilities to and building facilities to cater for elderlycater for elderly

-Burden on health -Burden on health system (increase health system (increase health care costs)care costs)

-Work force shortages -Work force shortages when older people when older people retireretire

Ageing PopulationAgeing Population

An ageing population is a population An ageing population is a population whose percentage of elderly people whose percentage of elderly people (over 65) is increasing. This (over 65) is increasing. This can happen because of:can happen because of:

falling birth and fertility ratesfalling birth and fertility rates increased life expectancy (people increased life expectancy (people

living longer)living longer) emigration of young adultsemigration of young adults

Ageing PopulationAgeing Population

People in the 20-59 years age groups People in the 20-59 years age groups are the productive, working section are the productive, working section of the population. They pay taxes of the population. They pay taxes and keep the economy turning over.and keep the economy turning over.

Under 20s or over 65 (retirement age) Under 20s or over 65 (retirement age) are dependent on wage earners to are dependent on wage earners to support them. This is called the burden support them. This is called the burden of dependency.of dependency.

Problems of an ageing populationProblems of an ageing population

large proportion of the population older than large proportion of the population older than 65 = large dependent population65 = large dependent population

increasing demand on health servicesincreasing demand on health services who will provide for the dependent who will provide for the dependent

population?population?

Possible solutions:Possible solutions: the Government provides for the elderly the Government provides for the elderly

(through the taxes of the working-age people(through the taxes of the working-age people the elderly provide for themselves by saving the elderly provide for themselves by saving

when they were workingwhen they were working families look after their elderlyfamilies look after their elderly

nz population

Documents

map of new zealand

groups of people

southern alps southern

distribution of nzs

natural factors

population lesson

natural features

high population density