NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
Operational Climate Monitoring from SpaceThe Satellite Application Facility on
Climate Monitoring (CM-SAF)
presented by Jörg Schulz, Deutscher Wetterdienst
contributions from:Peter Albert, Steven Dewitte, Annegret Gratzki, Rainer Hollmann,Karl-Göran Karlsson, Terhikki Manninen, Richard Müller, Rob Roebeling, and Werner Thomas
SAF on Climate Monitoring: Visions
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
Outline
1. Network of Satellite Application Facilities and the CM-SAF
2. Meteosat Second Generation and MetOp
3. Products and Validation
4. Product Usage within Climate Sciences
5. Future Prospects
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
EUMETSAT's SAF network
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
The focus on climate aspects requires:
• a long term commitment to ascertain (EUMETSAT) and process
(CM-SAF) data in an
• operational and reliable environment / mode
Data processing and product generation with focus on climate aspects
means:
• generate homogeneous data sets (space and time)
• carefully apply specific verification and validation procedures
in order to achieve:
• quality controlled and
• quality assured products with
• appropriate condensation in space and time
Why a dedicated CM-SAF?
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
CM-SAF has the mandate to generate thematic climate data records in an operational off-line environment. It requires calibrated and cross calibrated radiance data sets from different satellite operators.
The products come in three major groups:
Cloud parameters (Cloud Fractional Cover, Cloud Top Height, Cloud Type,
Cloud Top Temperature, Cloud Phase, Cloud Optical Thickness, Cloud Water Path)
Radiation budget parameters at the surface and TOA (Surface: Incoming Short Wave Radiation, Net Short Wave Radiation, Outgoing
Long Wave Radiation, Downward Long Wave Radiation, Net Long Wave Radiation, Radiation Budget, Albedo (weekly); TOA: Incoming solar radiative flux, Reflected solar radiative flux, Emitted thermal radiative flux)
Water vapour in the atmosphere (Total and layered precipitable water, temperature, and relative humidity)
Product Groups
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
I2004
I2007
I2005
I2006
Initial Operations Phase
V2
V3 MSG + EPS
Area Extension
Merging
All products
NOAA
MSG
HCPV1NOAACloudsRadiation
CM- SAF: Schedule & Versioning
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
Meteosat Second GenerationMetOp as part of the Initial Joint Polar System
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
- Operational since 29 January 2004
- 12 spectral channels
- Full disk imagery every 15 minutes
- Meteosat-9: launch in 2nd quarter of 2005
- Two more satellites to follow
<== for details see paper in BAMS, 2002
Courtesy of Jo Schmetz
Meteosat-8(first of Meteosat Second Generation)
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
Chl 4:3.9 µm
Chl 5:6.2 µm
Chl 6:7.3 µm
Chl 7:8.7 µm
Chl 8:9.7 µm
Chl 9:10.8 µm
Chl 10:12.0 µm
Chl 11:13. µm
Courtesy of Jo Schmetz
Eight channels in thermal infrared spectrum
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
Calibration validation for thermal IR channels
0.2 K
0.4 K 0.3 K
1.5 K
-0.3 K
-0.7 K
0.9 K
-2.00
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
IR 3.9 IR 6.2 IR 7.3 IR 9.7 IR 10.8 IR 12.0 IR 13.4
Ke
lvin
Comparison to HIRS measurements
Courtesy of Jo Schmetz
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
MSG-1 GERB first image - 12 December 2002
Total channel Short wavelength channel
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
Instrument Payload of the Metop Satellites
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
Products and Validation
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
Examples - Cloud Fractional Cover
feb04 mar04
apr04 may04
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
Examples - CFC partially cloudy pixels
feb04 mar04
apr04 may04
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
Comparison and resulting problems
European Cloud ClimatologyCourtesy of R. Meerkötter, DLR
Main results:• higher cloudiness over water surfaces• satellite results systematically lower than corresponding results from synop. stations - even lower over land
(Possible) reasons:• (much) higher contrast over water • scenery effect () ?• observation rules ? • threshold algorithms exhausted ?
Way out:• (more) physical retrieval ?• further tuning ?• new methods using temporal evolution ?
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
Examples - CTY - May 6th, 2004
00:45
06:45
12:45
18:45
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
Cloud Optical Thickness & Cloud Liquid Water Path
Cloud Properties for Cabauw, The Netherlands, 19 April 2004
MSGNOAA
Instantaneous average CLWP
Meteosat-8 (10:00 utc) = 15 gm-2
Noaa-17 (10:08 utc) = 22 gm-2
Daily CLWP Meteosat-8
Average = 73 g.m-2
Std = 78 g.m-2
MSGNOAA
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
Reflected solar flux March 04 Emitted thermal flux March 04
Examples - Reflected & Emitted TOA flux
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
Top of atmosphere emitted flux
March 2004
Monthly mean diurnal cycle
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
Examples - Surface Albedo
July04
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
Examples - Surface Downward Flux
Feb 04 Mar 04
Apr 04 May 04
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
HCP processing chain (V3)
ATOVSIASIAIRS
SEVIRITPW3 layer PW
TPW5 layer PW, RH, T6 level T,q
Create Daily average3 km2 sinusoidal projection
Create Daily TPW, LPW, RHfor each source in x km2
sinusoidal projection
Temporal sampling correction MERGER IIsuperimpose mergedvertical structure andTPW onto SEVIRIspatial sampling
AMSU/BMHSSSM/ISSMIS
TPW5 layer PW, T
GRASTPWn layer PWn level T, q
MERGER IOptimum interpolationof daily fields on 45 km grid
Merged products
High resolutionproducts
Q/A
Q/A
Q/A
Q/AQ/A
Q/A
Q/A
Q/A
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
ATOVS, June 8, 2004
TPW
Temperature @ 850 hPa - 700 hPa Rel. Humidity @ 850 hPa - 700 hPa
LPW @ 850 hPa - 700 hPa
Cloud Fraction (15 (km)2)
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
SEVIRI only products
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
Operational meteorological networks of the NMHSs
Special networks as e.g. BSRN, EUREF, GUAN
Research sites as e.g. Cabauw, Sodankylä, Lindenberg, Valencia
Measurement campaigns (Sodankylä April 2004,BBC,BBC2, CNN I & II,Vapic, Lautlos, AMMA)
Product validation data sources
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
• Vertical albedo profiles 0 – 1000 m above various land use classes
• Surface albedo of three about 10 km * 10 km areas scanned with 1 km spacing with a flight altitude of 450 m and a flight speed of 50 km/h
• Calibration using albedo measurements at Sodankylä mast
aapa mire
boreal forest
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
Sodankylä, June 2003
16.723.2
15.122.0
13.511.019.1 15.9
55.7
16.4 13.4
24.015.9 15.414.917.016.4
21.216.513.816.315.2
0.0010.0020.0030.0040.00
50.0060.00
70.0080.00
90.00100.00
0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00
UTC time (Days)
Alb
edo
(%
)Product validation - examples
R.Roebeling, KNMIK.-G. Karlsson, SMHI
T. Manninnen, FMI
R. Hollmann, R. Müller, A. Gratzki, DWD
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
Data sets for water vapor validation
Level 1 radiances:• Use NWP monitoring systems, e.g. ECMWF data reception statistic;
Level 2 instantaneous and level 3 products:• ground based networks and reference sites via co-location, e.g., GPS,
PMW, and radiosonde;• field campaign data, e.g., BBC2 at Cabauw, VAPIC at SIRTA site in
Palaiseau, France, 2004, AMMA (West Africa);• other satellite data or algorithms, e.g, MODIS data or other SEVIRI
algorithm;• cross comparison to models.
Q/A
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
Product Usage in Climate Sciences
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
Seasonal 2-D distribution of cloudiness for the entire SCANDIA area (Scandinavia) in the period 1991-2000
SCANDIA RCA2 ERA-40
WINTER
SPRING
SUMMER
AUTUMN
SCANDIA: AVHRR-based cloud climatology (Karlsson, 2002, Int. J. Climatol., 23, 1023-1044)
RCA2: SMHI Rossby Centre regional climate simulation model version 2(Jones et al, 2004, Ambio, 33, 199-220)
ERA-40: ECMWF Re-Analysis cloud dataset (Uppala, 2001, ECMWF Workshop Proc.)
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
New RCA3 results investigating the effect of optically very thin clouds
WINTER
SPRING
SUMMER
AUTUMN
SCANDIA RCA3 original RCA3 filtered
Purpose for filtering:
SCANDIA cloud detection limit close to optical thickness of 1.0
Conclusion:
New RCA3 version shows an unrealistic seasonal cycle with too large contribution from optically very thin clouds!
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
New RCA3 results investigating the effect of cloud overlap assumptions
SCANDIA RCA3 Max-Random RCA3 Maximum
WINTER
SPRING
SUMMER
AUTUMN
Purpose:
Modelled cloudiness sensitive to way of combining clouds in different vertical grid layers.
Conclusion:
Maximum overlap gives less cloudiness (as expected).However, different overlap assumptions cannot explain basic problem with seasonal cycle!
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
Future Prospects
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
• Some CM-SAF products will be global others not;
• Extension of the time series backwards;
• CM-SAF will have full re-processing capability;
• Existing products will be improved, mostly by providing error estimates;
• New parameters will be added, likely candidates are aerosols and
precipitation;
• CM-SAF is looking for international partnership with international bodies,
satellite operators, and science institutions to be part of a global
integrated climate monitoring network.
Key issues for the CM-SAF development
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
www.cmsaf.dwd.de
Updated CM-SAF internet pages October 04
Data search and ordering through Web User Interface ( ~ Jan 05)
NOAA 29th Annual Climate Diagnostic & Prediction Workshop, 18 - 22 October 2004, Madison, USA
Upcoming event: USER Workshop 2005