Download - Nail Art and Pedicuring 2 hours) · Traditional colors for nail polish are red, pink and brown, but nail polish is manufactured in many colors. French Manicure ˝ˇ 7 ˇ $ ! # ˇ

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Nail Art and Pedicuring (2 hours)

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Nail Art and Pedicuring (2 hours)

TABLE OF CONTENTSpage

Module 1:Nail Art (1 hour) 2

Module 2:Pedicuring (1 hour) 22

COURSE: Nail Art and Pedicuring (2 hours) Page 1 of 42

Module 1: Nail Art (1 hour)

Module OutlineColor Schemes and Pallets TheColor WheelNail Applications and Services Nail Art Tools and Implements Products and their Ingredients Ingredient Overexposure Effects Safe Practices

Learning objectives:After completing this lesson you will be able to:

Identify foiling Explain gold leafingDescribe nail art brushes Identify the airbrush Define nail art terminologyList ways to decrease inhalation of chemicals List ways to decrease skin exposure to chemicals Describe salon cleanlinessExplain protective gear and it's use

Introduction: This course module focuses on nail art, application techniques and equipment. Perfecting nail art skills can lead to an impressive list of faithful clientele and allows the nail technician to express creativity. We will also study important aspects of nail products and their ingredients.

Page 2 of 42


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Color schemesColor schemes are logical combinations of colors of the color wheel. Color schemes are used to create style and appeal. Colors that create a pleasing appearance commonly appear together in color schemes.

A basic color scheme uses two colors that look appealing together. More advanced color schemesinvolve several colors in combination, usually based around a single color.

For example: fingernails with such colors as red, yellow, orange and light blue arranged together on a black background.

Color schemes can also contain different shades of a single color; for example, a color scheme that mixes different shades of green, ranging from very light to very dark.

PolishTraditional colors for nail polish are red, pink and brown, but nail polish is

manufactured in many colors.

French ManicureThe French manicure is traditionally patterned after the color of natural nails, using a clear, beige or soft pink polish on most of the nail with a white finish at the tips. Reverse French manicures are also a popular service but not as popular as the traditional French manicure.

WarmWarm and Cool ColorsWarm colors always contain goldengolden undertones.Cool colors always contain blue undertones.

Nail technicians often use color pallets that stay within the same category. Either all of the colors in the pallet will be cool, or all of the colors in the pallet will be warm.


Most professionals agree that staying within one category creates a more esthetically appealing look. Using colors from opposing categories tends to create a more contrasting look with less cohesiveness in appearance.

Pallets of color can be created by applying the theory that certain color combinations work well together and appear harmonious.

The word pallet has several definitions. Pallet is a term for color combinations used by an artist and it is a term for the actual device that holds the paint while the artist is creating.

The color wheel is an irreplaceable tool in developing color pallets for the most beautiful nail artistry.

The Color Wheel Figure 1

One method of developing a triad color scheme is to choose three colors equidistant around the hue circle.

The color wheel is one of the best tools in color pallet determination.Choosing colors of equal depth, in other words, equal levels of pigment, can be a favorable choice when a balanced appearance is desired.

Using contrasting color choices for your pallet can create an appearance of multiple dimensions within the artwork.

Green

Red

Yellow

Blue

Orange

Violet

Yellow Orange Yellow Green

Blue GreenRed Orange

Red Violet Blue Violet


Pre-planned color pallets can be presented to the customer. The choices can range from vibrant colors to muted soft colors.

Choosing the overall background color should be the first step in developing a color pallet.Then choosing a secondary dominate color is usually the next step, then third, fourth, and so on.Occasionally, the customer might want to match a dominate color in her wardrobe for her background nail color.

On the other hand, neutral and natural nail colorings are popular choices making it completely unnecessary to match any wardrobe colors. In fact, the number one choice in nail color is neutral, natural and beige or light pink tones.

GemsTiny gems are manufactured specifically for nail art. They come in various shapes and sizes. They are specifically designed with one side cut flat for attaching to the nail surface.

Apply the gem to the nail with top coat or nail art sealer. Place sealer on the flat part of the gem so it will adhere to the nail. You may also apply the gem with a wooden pusher. First dampen the end of the pusher with the sealer.Pick up the gem by touching the dampened stick to the colorful side of the gem and place it in the prepared spot on the nail. You can use tweezers as well to do this task.Press the gem onto the nail and apply a generous amount of sealer to coat it.

Gems can be removed with acetone and can be reused if the gem is in good condition.

FoilingFoiling is easy and lends opportunity for endless creativity. Foil comes in rolls and pre-cut pieces in many colors and designs. Some of the most popular are silver, gold and snake skin.

Pre-cut pieces are easy to handle and convenient. Before applying foil, polish the nail and allow to completely dry. Select the polish color as part of the color scheme. Apply foil adhesive to the dry nail. Apply the adhesive thinly and evenly. The adhesive is slightly tinted when wet and becomes clear and tacky when dry. This tackiness is similar to double sided tape and is developed for easy adhesion to foil.


Foil comes attached to a cellophane base, so when the foil is touched to the tacky nail, it pulls off of the cellophane and adheres to the nail. Wait until the adhesive becomes clear, but do not wait too long or the adhesive will become overly dry and lose it's stickiness. The timing of the tacky phase is imperative to the success of the service.

There is a shiny side and a matte side to the foil. The shiny side is always to be facing up and the matte side is to be against the adhesive.

Foil Methods:Method one is a type of free hand designing. The nail technician pats the cellophane, foil side down, onto the nail. The cellophane is clear after the foil is removed from it, so the technician watches for coverage areas. The nail technician is careful not to touch the clear portions of the cellophane to the nail. If the nail is touched with the clear portion of the cellophane instead of the foil area, it is possible that the cellophane would stick to the adhesive which could in turn remove the adhesive along with the nail polish.

Method two involves complete coverage. The foil is gently laid on the surface of the nail and a wooden pusher is used to lightly burnish or lightly rub over the cellophane backing, applying the foil to the nail. This is the method used for pre-manufactured foil patterns. All nail art applications require that you use a final coat of nail art sealer. To apply you must “float the bead”. In other words, drop a “bead” or drop of sealant onto the nail and pull the liquid gently to cover the entire nail. Do not brush using pressure as you would polish, but touch the “top” of the bead of dropped sealant and disperse it gently in that manner.

Striping Tape:Striping tape can be applied as the first design application after the nail polish is dry or it can be applied as the last design application when all other design features are in place and are dry.

Striping tape is manufactured in rolls and pages with many colors and sizes. The most used colors are gold, sliver, and black. Striping tape has a tacky backing.

Gold Leafing:Leafing material is very thin and fragile. It has a foil-like consistency and is manufactured both in sheets and in loose pieces. Loose gold leafing is also referred to as nuggets and the gold leaf sheets are referred to as nugget sheets.

Leafing sheets are very delicate and must be handled with tweezers or the tissue paper that comes between the sheets in the packaging, otherwise they can crumble or blow away. Usually sheets of leafing come in quantities of 10 to 100 sheets per package. Keep the package closed or the slightest air movement can blow away the product.


The application method:Apply nail adhesive to the dry polished nail and allow to become tacky.Apply the leafing in small amounts using tweezers or a dampened wooden pusher. When applying a sheet, use the same method as foiling.When leafing is applied in pieces it appears more like nuggets, and when applied in sheets you get a thin even coverage.Complete the application with nail art sealer.

Free Hand PaintingFreehand painting is also referred to as flat nail art. It is when you use nail polish and brushes to create art design on the nail surface. Brushes:To the artist, the proper choice and quality of brushes and nail color play a crucial part in creating precision designs. Brushes come in many shapes and sizes and many varieties of bristle types. There are firm bristles and soft bristles, slender shapes and thicker shapes. A complete knowledge of color theory is required to create the most desirable works of art.

Parts of a Brush:The tip of the brush is the end of the bristles farthest away from the handle. It is also called the edge of the brush.The mid section of the bristles is called the belly. This is where the brush holds the most paint.The ferrule is the metal band around the brush that helps to hold the bristles in place.The heel of the brush is the area where the bristles meet the ferrule.

Knowing the parts of the brush is the beginning of understanding why certain brush choices are made to achieve the desired result.

Round brushes have pointed tapered tips and a large belly. Round brushes vary in their tips making some better for detail work than others. Softness of the bristles or hairs of the brush determine the amount of control in detail work as well.

Liner brushes are thin and pointed. They are great for lettering or other fine work requiring detail. They are best, for example, drawing thin lines and outlining other art applications.

Flat brushes are flexible with long bristles and a square tip. Another name for a flat brush is shader brush. It has a flat tip or chiseled edge. It is used for multi-purposes.


Using the flat of the brush creates smooth strokes. Each side of the brush can be loaded with different colors to create fade effects. This is called double loading.The best way to understand it's versatility is to practice designs on art paper to see the limitless creations from this one brush.

Bright brushes are short and flat with very firm bristles. They are great for creating texture.

Fan brushes are flat brushes in which the bristles are spread out like a fan. It's a great special effects tool and also can be used for blending. It's great for special effects. When used dry with just a dab of paint on the bristle ends, it can be floated across the top of a design and look similar to air brushing.

Spotter brushes and also called a detailer. It is short and round with a small belly and a very fine point tip. It is excellent for the most intricate of detail work.

Striper brushes are very long flat brushes with few bristles. It's great for creating designs that need long lines or stripes.

The stripette brush also known as the short striper brush is simply a shorter version of the striper brush and it creates the same effects.

The marbleizer brush also known as a stylus comes with wooden handles, a rounded tip and a metal extension. They have rounded ball tips that come in different sizes. They are used for dotting small circles of color such as polka dots or bubbles. A marbleized effect can be created by using different colored paints in a swirl motion similar to the look of marble.

Air BrushingAirbrushing has become a phenomenally popular salon service.

The technique of color fading can easily be achieved with the airbrush.

Airbrushing is used for the French manicure to achieve the perfect white edge.

A stencil is used to define the shape for the desired end results of the white nail tip.

By using airbrushes and stencils you can easily apply images onto the nail. Pre-cut stencils are readily available at all professional supply stores.


Stencils are made of either plastic, paper or fabric. You can create your own stencils.

Airbrush EquipmentAirbrushes are usually classified by three characteristics. • The first characteristic is the action performed by the user to trigger the nail color

flow.• The second is the mechanism for feeding the nail color into the airbrush.• The third is the point at which the nail color and air mix.

TriggerThe simplest airbrushes work with a single action mechanism where the depression of a single trigger results in nail color and air flowing into the airbrush body and the atomized paint being expelled onto the target surface.

Dual action or double action airbrushes separate the function for air and nail color flow so that the user can control the volume of airflow and the concentration of nail color flow through two independent mechanisms.

TechniqueAirbrush technique is the freehand manipulation of the airbrush, nail color, air pressure and distance from the surface being sprayed in order to produce a certain predictable result on a consistent basis with or without shields or stencils.

Airbrush technique will differ with the type of airbrush being used.

Read the manufacturers instructions for operating your airbrush. Practice on paper to become accomplished in technique. See what works and what does not.

There are specific practices to master in developing beautiful work. Practice proper aim.

Practice on nail tips mounted on wooden sticks. It's a great way to become accustomed to the exact thing of what you are trying to perfect, the nail.

Practice painting straight lines, dots and with stencils.


Nail Art: Review the following terminology.

belly midsection of the brush bristles; the area that holds the most nail color

color wheel color guide that illustrates and identifies the primary, secondary, tertiary and complementary colors

double loading placing two different colors of paint on either side of the brush

floating the bead technique used to seal nail art where a bead of sealer is dropped onto the nail surface, and the brush floats across the surface and completely covers it with sealer

foil adhesive special adhesive just for foiling that is generally tinted white or pink and appears cloudy when it is wet

freehand painting using no stencils or pre-formed patterns, creating art on nails also known as flat nail art

French manicure airbrushing technique that creates a natural looking nail with a smooth white tip at the free edge

gem tiny jewel added to a nail design, attached to the nail with adhesive

heel the part of the brush where the bristles of the brush meet the ferrule

gold leafing also known as nuggets or nugget sheets, foil like material used to create nail art

marbleizer also known as stylus, tool with a rounded ball tip and wooden handle use for making dots or small circles

stencil precut design made of plastic, paper or fabric used to create nail art

striping tape tacky-backed tape available in various colors; applied over nail polish or other nail art to create bolder designs


Product Ingredients

Precautions High quality services require the use of many formulations of key products. These products include dynamic active ingredients and can be hazardous to the health of the professional and to their client if not handled properly and professionally.

Minimizing exposure, especially inhalation of these ingredients, must be the forefront of concern for the successful salon professional.

Overall, product manufacturers have formulated products to help minimize exposure and have tried to lessen negative health effects for the user and client.

When the products are used in small amounts it is thought to minimize exposure of certain chemicals known to have effects on health.

There is only so much a manufacturer can do to protect the general public and much of the responsibility lies on the shoulders of the user. Injury can happen if products are improperly handled, such as injury to the eyes, nose or even lungs.

There can be allergic reactions and sensitivities to products or ingredients that only until after the reaction happens you are aware that you have an allergy.

The Environmental Protection Agency protects the salon professional and their clients by setting regulations.

Protection From Product Ingredients

Although the Environmental Protection Agency sets standards of product labeling and

handling it is up to the Salon Professional to apply the protective procedures that insure

public safety.

The healthy environment of the salon or spa should be well established by the owner or

manager of the facility. State Board mandatory inspections are well in place to grade

accordance with their laws. Basic health considerations are incorporated into the rules

and regulations set in place by State Cosmetology Boards.


Below is a list of specific product ingredients with its corresponding effects of overexposure.

Product Ingredients Effects of OverexposureAcetone nail polish remover and fingernail glue remover

Headache, dizziness, irritation to skin, eyes, and throat,

Benzoyl peroxide powder additive for artificial nails

Irritation to eyes, mouth, throat, nose, and lungs, and skin rash

Butyl acetate nail polish Irritation to skin, eyes, mouth, nose and throat; skin rash, headache, drowsiness and confusion

Butyl methacrylate artificial nails

Irritation to skin, eyes, skin, mouth, nose, and throat, skin rash, and shortness of breath

Camphor nail polish Irritation to skin, eyes, mouth, nose and throat, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, dizziness, and in extreme cases of overexposure, uncontrollable muscle contractions

Dibutyl phthalate nail polish, nail hardener

Irritation to eyes, stomach, and upper respiratory system

Ethyl acetate nail polish, fingernail glue

Irritation to skin, eyes, mouth, nose and throat, skin rash and confusion

Ethyl cyanoacrylate fingernail glue

Irritation to skin, eyes, mucous membranes and skin sensitization

Ethyl methacrylate artificial nails

Irritation to skin, eyes, respiratory track and skin sensitization

Formalin nail hardener Irritation to skin, eyes, nose, throat and respiratory system, and wheezing.


Decreasing the inhalation of salon products

An exhaust ventilation system must be in place near all working tables of the manicurist. This is in addition to any air conditioning system or heating system that is a standard modern part of the salon. We must capture and expel vapors, nail filings and chemical powders and dust away from the clients and manicurists.

Actions that work to decrease inhalation:

The use of ceiling exhaust systems

The use of table exhaust systems that are vented to the outside of the building

The use of air conditioning systems

The regular replacement of air filters in your air conditioning and heating systems

The use of electronic air cleaners

Not using excessive amounts of products when performing services

Keeping products in small containers at the work table

Keeping the work table clear of obstructions so your table exhaust system works

optimally

Keeping containers closed tightly containers when not in use

Not using bulk product containers while performing a service

Keeping lids on trash cans, emptying trash cans frequently and replacing liners often

Wearing a dust mask while transferring products from one container to another

Decreasing skin exposure to salon products

Wash hands before and after touching a patron or performing a service

Wash hands before eating or going to the bathroom

Wash hands after handling products or product containers

Wear disposable nitrile gloves

Replace gloves as soon as they are damaged or compromised in any way

Keep containers tightly closed

Do not wear clothing that is too loose and could cause accidents with sleeves or

other areas getting caught on equipment


Do not use excessive amounts of products when performing services

Keep products in small containers at the work table

Wear eye protection and gloves while transferring products from one container to

another

There are many things that the Salon Manager and the Professional Manicurist can do to create and maintain a health and safe environment for themselves and for the general public. The following topics and facts are the most direct and active ways to ensure public health safety for all.

Active ways to prevent accidental swallowing of salon products

Wash hands every time before eating or drinking.

Never eat or drink in service areas.

Do not have food or drinks in service areas.

Do not have salon products in food areas.

Keep clear and separate areas for eating and working.

Clean your environment

Sanitize your salon.

Dispose of gloves after each customer.

Use clean unused towels for each customer.

Clean implements before disinfecting them.

Disinfect implements after each customer.

Never give services to unhealthy nails, broken skin or any other signs of unsafe health.

Before giving the service wash your patrons hands and/or feet.

Do not use implements brought by customers.

Do not use razor-type shavers to remove calluses.

Follow your state cosmetology board’s rules for proper cleaning and disinfection

techniques.


Safe practices

Label all containers

Only dispose of waste in accordance to manufacturers’ directions or with local

regulations

Do not use outdated MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheets)

Keep copies of MSDS in a binder for each product in your salon that requires it

Keep copies of state board rules and regulations

Be trained concerning OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) rules

No smoking by you or patrons inside the salon building.

Important facts for the Manicurist

Wearing gloves keeps manicurists from damaging their nails and skin

Wearing gloves keeps the skin from absorbing ingredients that could cause harm or

irritation or allergic reactions to their hands.

Solvents can be absorbed very quickly by the hands which can be extremely harmful.

When solvents damage the skin it causes the damaged area to be more susceptible to

further absorption and damage by other harmful products.

Only nitrile gloves provide sufficient protection due to the fact that many product

ingredients can penetrate them.

Look at the MSDS for instructions on what kind of gloves to wear or contact the

distributor of the product.

Wear dust masks to keep from inhaling dust particles

Wear dust masks when shaping artificial nails or filing natural nails

Dust masks are approved by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

There are specific instructions on how to use dust masks

MSDS will advise on which type of mask is best when using a hazardous product


Those around you in the Salon Environment are responsible for safety to themselves and others when it comes to product use.

Be aware of all Products and Ingredients that other Salon Professionals are using in your environment.

Stay informed of the latest government news releases that may be relative to your profession.

The following is a copy of an OSHA News Release posted by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration.

OSHA News ReleaseWhen new information regarding a hazardous chemical is discovered, OSHA releases the information to the public.

HAZARD ALERT April 11th, 2011

Hair Smoothing Products That Could Release FormaldehydeThe Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and several State OSHA programs are investigating questions and complaints from hair salon owners and workers about possible formaldehyde exposure from using Brazilian Blowout and other hair smoothing products. Some of these products have been labeled as "formaldehyde-free."Oregon's Occupational Safety and Health Administration, California's Occupational Safety and Health Administration, the Connecticut's Dept of Public Health and several other state agencies have already issued warnings about these products to salon owners, stylists, other salon workers, and clients. This Hazard Alert provides information about OSHA's investigations, the health hazards of formaldehyde, and how to protect workers using hair smoothing products that contain or release formaldehyde.

Recent reports from Oregon OSHA, California OSHA, and now Federal OSHA should alert salon owners and stylists to look closely at the hair smoothing products they are using to see if they contain methylene glycol, formalin, methylene oxide, paraform, formic aldehyde, methanal, oxomethane, oxymethylene, or CAS Number 50-00-0. All of these are names for or treated as formaldehyde under OSHA's Formaldehyde standard. Products containing them can expose workers to formaldehyde; employers who manufacture, import, distribute, or use the products must follow OSHA's formaldehyde standard.


What have OSHA's investigations found?Federal OSHA and State OSHA programs are investigating complaints from stylists and hair salon owners about exposure to formaldehyde while using GIB LLC dba (doing business as) Brazilian Blowout products and other hair smoothing products. OSHA has found formaldehyde in the air when stylists use hair smoothing products. Some had "formaldehyde-free" on the label or did not list formaldehyde on the product label or in the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS).

During one investigation, Federal OSHA's air tests showed formaldehyde at levels greater than OSHA's limits in a salon using Brazilian Blowout Acai Professional Smoothing Solution, even though the product was labeled "formaldehyde-free." In most cases, OSHA found that hair salon owners did not know that a hair smoothing product contained or could expose workers to formaldehyde because manufacturers, importers, and distributors did not include the correct warnings on product information.

California OSHA recently found violations at one importer and distributor, GIB LLC dba Brazilian Blowout, that failed to list formaldehyde as a hazardous ingredient on the MSDS provided to downstream users (e.g., salon owners, stylists) for two products: Brazilian Blowout Acai Professional Smoothing Solution and Brazilian Blowout Professional Brazilian Blowout Solution. The MSDS also did not list the health effects from formaldehyde exposure. The MSDS is required to provide users information about the chemicals in a product, the hazards to workers, and how to use a product safely.

The first reports about formaldehyde in hair smoothing products surfaced when Oregon OSHA investigated a complaint from a hair stylist who had nosebleeds, eye irritation, and trouble breathing while using a Brazilian Blowout product labeled "formaldehyde-free." After testing the product, Oregon OSHA found that the product contained formaldehyde, a chemical that can cause the health problems reported by the stylist. Oregon OSHA tested more than 100 samples of keratin-based hair smoothing products and found formaldehyde levels in some products well above what could legally be labeled as "formaldehyde-free.” In addition to the Brazilian Blowout products, Oregon OSHA found that other manufacturers, importers, and distributors of hair smoothing products also had not listed formaldehyde or included hazard information on the label or in the MSDS. Based on these findings, Oregon OSHA published a Hazard Alert and a full report in October 2010. Oregon OSHA also alerted Federal OSHA and State OSHA programs where the products were manufactured, imported, or distributed because the hazard information for the product was not correct and did not meet the requirements of OSHA's Hazard Communication standard or State equivalent).

OSHA continues to work with other agencies (e.g., Food and Drug Administration, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) to look at formaldehyde exposures in other salons and to make sure that workers and the public have correct information about these products.


What is formaldehyde and how can it affect my health? Formaldehyde is a colorless, strong-smelling gas that presents a health hazard if workers are exposed.

You can be exposed to formaldehyde if you breathe it into your lungs, if it gets into your eyes, or if it is contained in a product that gets onto your skin. You can also be exposed accidentally if you touch your face, eat food, or drink after using a product containing formaldehyde without first washing your hands. It can irritate the eyes and nose, and cause coughing and wheezing. Formaldehyde is a "sensitizer," which means that it can cause allergic reactions of the skin, eyes, and lungs such as asthma-like breathing problems and skin rashes and itching. When formaldehyde is in a product that gets sprayed into the eyes, it can damage the eyes and cause blindness. It is also a cancer hazard that is linked to nose and lung cancer.

Formaldehyde is a health hazard, whether in a product or in the air. OSHA's Formaldehyde standard covers employers who use formaldehyde, and products that contain or release formaldehyde. (OSHA has also published a formaldehyde fact sheet

Why do some hair smoothing products expose me to formaldehyde?Many keratin-based hair smoothing products contain formaldehyde dissolved (and chemically reacted) in water and other ingredients in the product. Because of the way the formaldehyde reacts in these products, some manufacturers, importers, or distributors might list other names for formaldehyde on product information or might claim that the product is "formaldehyde-free." Formaldehyde might be listed as methylene glycol, formalin, methylene oxide, paraform, formic aldehyde, methanal, oxomethane, oxymethylene, or CAS Number 50-00-0. All of these are names for formaldehyde under OSHA's Formaldehyde standard. The bottom line is that formaldehyde can be released from hair smoothing products that list any of these names on the label and workers can breathe it in or absorb it through their skin. Workers can be exposed to formaldehyde during the entire hair straightening process, especially when heat is applied (e.g. blow-drying, flat ironing).

How would I know if the product I'm using could expose me to formaldehyde?Read the product label and MSDS to determine if they list methylene glycol or any of the other names for formaldehyde listed above. If they do, the product can expose you to formaldehyde. Under OSHA's Hazard Communication standard, salon owners and other employers must have an MSDS for each product used in the salon that contains a hazardous chemical. Employers need to review the MSDSs they receive and make sure they understand the hazards of the products they use in their salon(s). They must also make the MSDSs available to their workers (e.g., stylists) and train all workers using the


product about the hazards and how to use it safely. If employers do not receive an MSDS automatically, they should request one. If the MSDS does not look complete (e.g., blank spaces that are not completed) then the employer should request a new one from the manufacturer. If the request does not produce the information needed, then the employer should contact the local OSHA Area Office for assistance in obtaining the MSDS.

Be aware that an MSDS may not contain all of the hazard information required, as initially found in the case of Brazilian Blowout products. In the Oregon case, it was only after a stylist reported health problems while using the products that the investigation began. Workers need to report any health problems they think are from the products they use in the workplace to their employer and employers need to follow up on reports of health problems from workers.

When are manufacturers, importers, and distributors of hair smoothing products required to list formaldehyde as an ingredient in their products?OSHA requires manufactures of products that contain or release formaldehyde to include information about formaldehyde and its hazards on the label and in the MSDS.

Formaldehyde must be listed if it is in the product at 0.1% or more (as a gas or in solution) or if the product releases formaldehyde above 0.1 parts of formaldehyde per million parts of air. Salons and other employers that directly import hair smoothing products from other countries have the same responsibilities as a manufacturer under the Hazard Communication standard - they must determine the hazards of the product and develop labels and MSDSs that communicate the hazards to users. These requirements are explained in OSHA's Hazard Communication standard (commonly referred to as the "Worker's Right-to-Know Rule") and OSHA's Formaldehyde standard.

What can I do to reduce exposure to formaldehyde when using formaldehyde releasing hair smoothing/straightening products?Employers, stylists, and other salon workers should read the product information and MSDSs for the products they buy and use so that they know what chemicals are in them and how to use them safely in the workplace. The best way to control exposure to formaldehyde is to use products that do not list formaldehyde, formalin, methylene glycol, or any of the other names for formaldehyde listed above on the label or in the MSDS. Beauty care companies are now making and selling products that they claim do not contain formaldehyde in the solution. Choosing one of these products might eliminate the risk of formaldehyde exposure. Note that just because a product doesn't list formaldehyde, formalin, or methylene glycol does not mean that it does not contain any other hazardous ingredients.


If salon owners decide to use products that contain or release formaldehyde, then they must follow the requirements in OSHA's Formaldehyde standard. The standard requires that employers test the air to find out the level of formaldehyde present in the air when the product is being used. If the test shows that formaldehyde is present at levels above OSHA's limits (0.75 parts of formaldehyde per million parts (or ppm) of air during an 8-hour work shift or 2 ppm during any 15-minute period), then the employer must:

• Install air ventilation systems in the areas where these products are mixed and used tohelp keep formaldehyde levels below OSHA's limit and perform regular maintenanceto make sure the systems work correctly;

• When possible, require workers to use lower heat settings on blow-dryers and flatirons used during the process;

• Give workers respirators, if needed; train them to use the respirator properly; and meetthe other requirements in OSHA's Respiratory protection standard;

• Ensure workers understand the information on a product's label and MSDS;• Post signs at entryways to any area where formaldehyde is above OSHA's limit to tell

workers of the danger and stating that only authorized personnel may enter;• Tell workers about the health effects of formaldehyde, how to use the product safely,

and what personal protective equipment to wear while using the product; and• Train workers how to safely clean up spills and properly throw products out.

In addition, where the tests show that formaldehyde is present in the air at a level of 0.5 ppm during an 8-hour work shift or 2 ppm during any 15-minute period, then the employer must:

• Get workers the right medical attention (e.g., doctor exams), and• Test the air periodically to make sure that formaldehyde levels are below OSHA's

limits.

Whether or not air tests show formaldehyde levels above OSHA's limits, employers must follow certain parts of the standard if a product contains formaldehyde:

• Give employees appropriate gloves and other personal protective equipment (e.g., faceshield, chemical splash goggles, chemical-resistant aprons) and train them on how touse this equipment while mixing and applying the products;

• Explain to workers how to read and understand the information on a product's labeland MSDS;

• Make sure the workplace has eye and skin washing equipment if products that containformaldehyde could be splashed onto the workers’ skin or into their eyes;

• Train workers how to safely clean up spills and properly throw products out, and;• Get workers the right medical attention (e.g., doctor exams) if they develop signs and

symptoms of an exposure to formaldehyde or are exposed to large amounts offormaldehyde during an emergency (e.g., a large spill).


Employers must also keep records of the air tests they perform, any medical attention needed by their employees, and respirator fit-testing.For more information about how to control formaldehyde exposures in hair salons, read Oregon OSHA's hazard alert and Cal/OSHA's Advisory.

How can OSHA help you?OSHA continues to monitor ongoing inspections that may have nationwide impact to ensure that health hazards and appropriate protections for products containing hazardous chemicals are communicated properly on the labels and MSDS. OSHA developed this webpage to give workers and employers useful, up-to-date information on formaldehyde hazards that might be present when using hair smoothing products that contain or release formaldehyde. Employers and workers should read OSHA’s

Formaldehyde Fact Sheet for more information about formaldehyde hazards and how to work with it safely. Contact your local OSHA office if you have any questions about a product that you are using or its MSDS. Hair salon owners can also contact OSHA's free and confidential consultation service to help determine if there are hazards at their workplace. On-site consultations do not result in penalties or citations.

What rights do workers have?Workers have a right to a safe workplace. The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSH Act) was passed to prevent workers from being killed or seriously harmed at work. The law requires employers to provide their workers with a workplace that is free of potential hazards. The OSH Act created the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), which sets and enforces protective workplace safety and health standards. OSHA also provides information, training and assistance to workers and employers. Workers may file a complaint to have OSHA inspect their workplace if they believe that their employer is not following OSHA standards or that there are serious hazards.

- Disclaimer -This Hazard Alert is not a standard or regulation, and it creates no new legal obligations. It contains recommendations as well as descriptions of mandatory safety and health standards. The recommendations are advisory in nature, informational in content, and are intended to assist employers in providing a safe and healthful workplace. The Occupational Safety and Health Act requires employers to comply with safety and health standards and regulations promulgated by OSHA or by a state with an OSHA-approved state plan. In addition, the Act’s General Duty Clause, Section 5(a)(1), requires employers to provide their employees with a workplace free from recognized hazards likely to cause death or serious physical harm.


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This concludes our study of Nail Art. Next we will review selected topics of pedicuring.

Module 2: Pedicuring (1 hour)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Topic 1: Pre-service Preparations for Pedicuring

Topic 2: The Pedicure Service

Topic 3: Selected Pedicuring Supplies


Topic 1: Pre-service Preparations for Pedicuring

Module Outline

Pre-service Sanitation

Multi-use Tools

Immersible Implements

Hand Sanitation

Storage

Surfaces and Equipment

Single-use Items

Pre-service Station Set Up


Identify steps for washing tools and implements with soap and water

Describe proper rinsing and drying

Explain sanitation by immersion

Describe proper hand washing

Identify steps for handling sanitized implements

Describe storage of sanitized items

Identify surface disinfecting procedures of pedicuring station and service areas

Describe refilling single-use items


IntroductionThe purpose of this study module is to review the principles and practices of the pre-service preparations for pedicuring.

Precautions: It is required that all salon professionals read product labeling and instructional materials as well as state mandated sanitation regulations regarding products and equipment. To remain safe in the workplace, all federal and state laws must be followed. Never take for granted that you already know the proper use and procedures of any product. Manufacturers, from time-to-time, adjust application instructions of sanitizing chemicals as well as pedicuring products. Strengths, times of exposure, removal procedures and ingredient lists can change, so be diligent and consistent when reviewing labels, document enclosures, and manufacturers MSDS prior to use. Infection control depends on the proper use of sanitizing products. Any misuse of a sanitizing product can result in lessened effectiveness or injury.

Preparation

We are taught to “be prepared”. It is a motto commonly used. In the personal beauty-care industry, it is impossible to be a salon professional without possessing high-level preparedness skills. Your level of preparedness speaks volumes of the quality of work you produce. It is also evidence of your respect for the patron and for the profession.

With that said, let's review how to professionally prepare for the pedicuring service.

The first consideration in pedicuring preparedness is the availability of sanitized implements and equipment. Without the availability of properly sanitized equipment, services can not be performed.

Having products in clean containers, and having sufficient amounts of sanitized towels, linens and other service instruments is not only a necessity but is a mandatory requirement.

A well prepared salon professional will be able to perform more services throughout her day if all steps of pre-service, pedicuring procedures and post-service procedures are followed – and more completed services means more revenue. At the end of the day, your level of preparedness can directly reflect in your total income.


Pre-service SanitationOne of the first things to do pre-service, is to sanitize.The following procedures are standard for pedicuring implements and multi-used tools.

Washing ImplementsA) SOAP AND WATER: It is imperative that implements are thoroughly washed

before the disinfection process.

The washing process removes any seen or unseen residue that may exist on pedicuring tools.

To wash a multi-use pedicuring implement, use warm or cool running water and soap.

You must use a sanitized scrub-brush to brush grooves and hinges of the implement.

Rinsing ImplementsB) WATER: It is equally imperative that implements are thoroughly

rinsed after the soap and water scrubbing.

Rinsing under running water is a necessity for removing all traces of residual soap.

Residual soap on pedicuring implements can deactivate the disinfectant agent during the disinfecting process. Use warm running water.

Drying Implements C) CLEAN OR DISPOSABLE TOWEL:

It is imperative that implements be thoroughly dried using a clean or disposable towel. Drying pedicuring implements is a necessity before the sanitizing process. Do not place wet pedicuring implements into disinfectant solution until they are completely dry as water can dilute the disinfectant thus reducing it's effectiveness.

Image 1: Wash Implements

Image 2: Rinse Implements

Image 3: Dry Implements


Disinfecting ImplementsD) IMMERSION: When using an EPA-registered disinfectant, you are required to readthe instructions for use. It generally has an immersion time of 10 minutes for fulleffectiveness. Read labels and follow manufacturer's instructions for mixing and timeexposure. Be sure that you use an EPA-registered disinfectant solution that is designedspecifically for the type of material in which your pedicuring instruments are made. Themanufacturer is responsible for supplying information as to protective wear, containersand tools that are best suited for storage, handling, use and mixing of their products.Use the recommended type of container that allows the instrument to be completelyimmersed. Generally a hard plastic re-useable container is the designated type of materialthat is safe with using a sanitizing agent. Follow your state regulations regarding thisaspect of sanitation.

Hand WashingE) LIQUID SOAP: There are no other pre-service sanitation procedures

more “common sense” oriented than the procedure of washing your hands.

As a salon professional, washing your hands should be a well established routine at any level. Use a liquid soap, rinse and dry with a clean single-use or disposable towel.

Refer to State Sanitation Regulations to be in compliance.

Removing Implements from the Disinfectant SolutionF) TONGS AND GLOVES: Great care is to be taken by the salon professional whenremoving the sanitized implements from the disinfectant solution. Wear gloves if you aregoing to remove the implement by hand. Wearing protective goggles is a good idea toprevent any inadvertent splashes to come in contact with your eyes.If you prefer, you can use tongs to remove the instruments and to hold under runningwater until rinsed. Upon removal of the instrument from the solution, hold under waterand rinse thoroughly. Dry with a clean or disposable towel to prevent the implement fromrusting.

Storing Sanitized ImplementsG) CLEAN CONTAINER:Follow your State Regulations for storage of sanitizedimplements. It is universally accepted to store sanitized implements in a clean coveredcontainer. Some States allow storage in clean cabinets. We will visit NC Staterequirements later in this study.

Image 4: Hand Washing


Manicurist's Table and Patron SurfacesH) SANITIZE: Sanitize the manicurist's table by wiping it with a

sanitizing liquid. Also, wipe all surfaces in the patron area that will come in contact with the patron's skin.

Spray the surface with a sanitizing solution that is designed for sanitizing large surface areas and let it stand for 10 minutes – or per manufacturer's directions.

Dry the surface with a clean towel – then spray the area again and allow to air dry.

Refill Disposable ItemsI) SINGLE-USE ITEMS: Re-fill the containers on the manicurist's table - where youkeep single-use items that will be used during the service: such as cotton balls.

Hand Sanitizer ProductsJ) ADDITIONAL HAND CLEANSING: Make available at your station a container ofalcohol-based hand sanitizing gel. It can be used in addition to hand washing and is to beoffered to the client as well.

Pre-service Station Set Up

Your station should be set up to meet the needs of your body type. If you are short you can find ways to customize your area so things are within easy reach as to reduce the risk of strain while performing the service.

Your set up should include a manicurist's stool or chair that is comfortable for customary service time periods.

Your station of course includes the client's chair and footrest. All furniture, tables and footrests should be situated to accommodate patrons comfortably.

TowelsArrange a clean towel onto the client's footrest and one onto the floor in front of her chair. She will need clean towels in every area that she may place her feet during the pedicuring service. One towel will usually suffice for the floor area in front of the client's chair and one towel is to be placed on the footrest - which will be used to dry her feet.

Image 5: Sanitize Surfaces


Add Pedicuring ItemsIn addition to standard single-use manicuring items, stock the manicurist's table with the

following:

• lotions, creams, oils

• liquid soap

• pedicure slippers

• toe separators

• foot files

• nail clippers

Water BasinA water basin is to be prepared and placed at your station.

Prepare the water basin with warm water and the appropriate amount of liquid soap.

Client ConsultationDetermining whether a pedicuring service is right for a client is the main idea behind the consultation.

You might spot issues that the client herself is unaware of.

Check her feet for any signs of inflammation, wounds or problems.

Performing services when there is infection present is prohibited.

Do not perform services when there is injury or broken skin.

Image 6: Water Basin


Topic 2: The Pedicure Service

Module Outline

Service Procedures: Skin Care of the Feet

Service Procedures: Toenail Care

Pedicuring Procedures of the Toenail

Pedicuring Procedures of the Skin of the Feet

Final Procedures

Post-pedicure Practices


Identify practices of client preparation

Describe procedures for soaking the feet

Describe procedures for drying the feet

Identify procedures for removing nail polish

Define practices for cuticle removers and callus softeners

Identify procedures and safe use of the curette

Explain practices of toenail trimming

Describe procedures in removing cuticle tissue

Identify the use of the rasp

Explain exfoliation

Describe smoothing procedures for calluses

Identify rinsing procedures

Describe the use of masques and hot waxes

Describe post-service client follow-up and sanitation


IntroductionThe purpose of this study module is to review procedures for pedicuring.Your spa or salon may offer different types of pedicuring packages that provide optional add-on services in addition to standard services, however we will review what is universally accepted as standard procedures for a full service pedicure.

Full Service Pedicuring ProceduresThe full service pedicure should take approximately 15 minutes per foot to perform. The following information represents standard professional procedures of a full service pedicure.

The PedicureAsk your patron to remove his shoes and hosiery and to roll or fold his pant legs up to the knees.

SOAKINGA) Proper temperature of water is the first consideration of the soaking process.

To ensure the safety and comfort of your client, water temperature must not exceed 104°F.

• Fill the foot basin with warm water.

• Use a sanitized thermometer to monitor water temperature.

• Add soap /soaking product into the warm water

• Have the client to place his feet into the foot basin

• Soak the feet for 5 minutes, allowing the skin to soften and cleanse

NAIL CAREB) Nail Care:

• Have the client to remove one foot from the basin, and place it onto thetowel-covered footrest

Image 7: Soaking


• DRY:Using the clean towel of the footrest, thoroughly dry the foot: make sure thatall areas of the foot and between the toes are towel-dried

• REMOVE POLISH:Begin with nail care by removing any existing nail polish fromthe toenails

• APPLY PRODUCTS:Apply cuticle remover and callus softeners as needed, and allowproduct to remain on those areas while performing the following steps

• CLEAN NAIL AREA:CURETTE: Use the curette tool to gently nudge the soft tissueaway from the nail plate in order to prepare the nail for trimming: remove anydebris that may be resting in that area by using the spoon edge of the curette: therounded side should face the tissue and the scoop side should face the nail

• TRIM TOENAILS:NAIL CLIPPERS AND THE FREE EDGE: Only trim the freeedge. Use multiple small cuts beginning on one side working your way to the other side. This technique avoids flattening the nail which could injure the nail bed. When the toenail flattens it can cause the flesh to tear at the strained areas, so small multiple cuts are required to avoid injury. Another safety technique is to slightly tilt the top of the clippers back toward the nail plate when clipping. This helps keeping the clippers a

safe distance from the soft tissues of the hyponychium under the free edge. Always, trim the toenails straight across. Be careful not to leave sharp edges on the corners of the trimmed nail as this can cause injury to the skin of the toes.

• RASP:Using your nail rasp, locate and remove any rough edges or hooks that werecreated while trimming. Removing hooks and sharp edges will prevent injury thusaid in preventing infections.

Image 8: Dry Foot

Image 9: Cuticle Remover

Image 10: Trim Toenails


• TRIM TAGS OF DEAD SKIN:NIPPERS:Use nippers to trim any tags of dead skinsurrounding the nail area. Do not trim away any living tissue.

• REPEAT PROCEDURES WITH THE CURETTE: Upon completion of trimming andrasping the toenails – go back over each toenail using the curette to gently find andremove any more debris that might have appeared during the trimming process.Re-check the sidewalls of the nail plate for any residual debris and for any roughedges that need additional attention with the rasp.

• CUTICLE: Using the curette remove cuticle tissue from the nail plate. Do not breakthe seal of the eponychium by pushing it back from the toenails – but keep it intact.

• FILE:Smooth and shape the free edge of the toenails with an abrasive file.• Replace the client's foot back into the water basin and remove the second foot

from the water and prepare it for nail care procedures

NAIL CAREC) Repeat nail care steps to the second foot.

SKIN CARED) Skin care procedures focus on the skin of the foot and is performed after all nail careprocedures are performed. During nail care, a callus softener was applied and has nowsoftened calluses. The skin has been softened by soaking and is ready for the smoothingprocess.

• EXFOLIATION: To smooth the skin, apply an exfoliation product to the foot.

Scrub the dry areas and focus on heels and calluses.

• CALLUSES: Additional smoothing of calluses: using an abrasive foot paddle,smooth calluses using a gentle filing motion. Calluses are to be smoothed notremoved. Take care to not overly file calluses and do not attempt to thin them.They occur because of the body's protective reaction to a repetitive irritation to theskin such as rubbing or pressure and should remain in tact and only smoothed forthe purpose of better foot comfort.

Image 11: Exfoliation


RINSED) Place the foot back into the foot bath and rinse the products from the feet. The salonprofessional can use a brush and gently brush the feet and toenails to remove any residueof products. Clean the areas between the toes.

MASQUE or PARAFFINE) At this point in the process, a masque or hot paraffin wax add-on service can beperformed. Apply the masque or hot paraffin wax product according to manufacturer'sdirections. To enhance the hot wax service, apply oils or creams just before the hot wax isapplied. The hot wax will aid in the penetration of the oil into the skin thus enhancing thequality of the skin care process. After applying hot wax, place the client's foot into aplastic bag and cover with a cloth pedicuring booty or cloth towel. Repeat this process forthe other foot. Remove paraffin according to manufacturer's directions.

POLISHF) This is also optional as to the customer's preference. When performing the nail polishapplication, use toe separators or cotton between toes in order to keep toes from touchingone another while the polish is wet. Remove all residual hot wax from the toenails beforepolishing. For a professional finish – you must apply the following 4 coats: a base coat, 2color coats and a top coat.

Post-service Procedures

APPOINTMENT SETTING:Upon completion or your fabulously executed pedicuring service, it is a perfect time to book a future appointment with your client. She is relaxed and well cared for and sees the value of giving herself this manner of care. It is a perfect time to book her next appointment.

SHAKE IT UP: Each pedicuring experience can be blissfully different in that the salon professional can get creative with add-on services and change it up with each appointment. Keeping the pedicuring experience fresh with new approaches and products maintains interest from the client and lets her know you have taken a personal interest in serving her.

EDUCATING YOUR CLIENT: Another way to show the client that you are giving her high consideration in all areas is to give her information about caring for her feet at home. Give her information about products and procedures that are easy to apply by herself.Tell her about the health benefits of consistent self-care. If your client has calluses, give her tips to reduce the likelihood of this condition.


RETAIL: All clients need products and there are an abundance of product lines available for foot care. Most salons and spas have picked up on the marketing idea that the product can “sell itself” if used on the patron during the service.The patron then has direct experience with those individual products and immediately know it's results on their skin and /or nails.

When using an exfoliating scrub during the pedicuring procedure, mention the wonderful aromatic scent that it has and point out how smooth it made her skin.

She may want to have that product available to her for home use. Another example of good retail marketing is: if your client mentions that she is

preparing for a special event - later when she is gathering her retail purchase items, ask her if she would like to get some nail polish to match her outfit that she will be wearing for that special occasion. Get creative and meet her needs.

POST-SERVICE SANITATION:With no exceptions, all salon professionals must sanitize pedicuring basins, client areas, and pedicuring implements after the service is complete. All sanitation procedures that were performed in pre-service procedures must be repeated for post-service sanitation.As in the pre-service sanitation procedures: Clean by soap /water, brushing and rinsing for all foot basins, pedicuring implements, manicuring tables and equipment surfaces that touch the client's skin. Sanitize with EPA-registered disinfectant solutions per label instructions.

RESTOCK:Refill single-use items of the manicurist's table and restore it to a useable status.

Image 12: Retail


Topic 3: Selected Pedicuring Supplies

Module OutlineSelected Pedicuring Supplies


Identify types of nail files and the purposes of each

Describe foot files and their purpose

Define features of nail clippers

Describe nail nippers and proper use

Define the curette and describe it's use

Explain toes separators

Describe pedicuring stations

Identify types of manicurist's stools

Describe water baths


IntroductionIn this study module we will continue studying important aspects of the pedicuring service. We will review detailed information about pedicuring equipment, supplies, tools and products.

PrecautionsAs always, remember to read labels and packaging directions and instructions for all equipment, supplies, tools and products before use. Learning how to store and care for these items will give them longer lasting life and keep your salon a safe environment.

Pedicuring Supplies

Description and Purpose

nail file Origin:1870–75 Definition:a small board of metal or cardboard, usually elongated and thin, used for smoothing, or shaping the nails

Nail files come in levels of abrasiveness called grits. There are coarse-grit, medium-grit and fine-grit files.

Coarse-grit files have fewer – but larger - abrasive particles and are the most abrasive. Coarse-grit files contain less than 180 particles per centimeter.They remove larger amounts of nail in a single action than the other grit levels.

Coarse-grit files are not for nail surfaces but for the free-edge. A coarse- grit file would create unseemly scratches on the nail surface if used for

filing that area of the nail.

It is also best not to use coarse-grit files on thin or average nails but to reserve them for use only on very thick nails.

Medium-grit files have 180-240 particles per centimeter which are smaller in size than coarse-grit particles. They are often the most widely used file for shaping nails. They serve excellently for shaping and refining thin to average nails.

Fine-grit files have more than 240 particles per centimeter and are the smallest in size in comparison to the coarse-grit and medium-grit files. They are the best file type to use for buffing, polishing and removing small scratches from the nail surface.

Image 13: Nail Files


foot file /paddle Definition: Foot files are sanding files that are larger than nail files – and are for smoothing skin and callouses of the foot, and for reducing dry skin. They are sometimes designed in the shape of a paddle.

Foot files come in both multi-use and single-use styles.

If multi-use, they must be cleaned and disinfected after each patron and if they are single-use they must be disposed of after each patron.

Foot files also come in a hybrid of multi-use / single-use.

They have abrasive pads or filing surfaces that are single-use / disposable and the handle is multi-use / disinfect-able.

nail clippers Origin:1940–45 Definition:a small mechanical device for clipping the nails.

Toenail clippers are specifically designed for trimming the toenails and are larger than fingernail clippers.

The blades come in different shapes. Most often the nail professional uses the type where the blade is straight across but some use the type that is slightly curved in a concave style. The blade area is called the jaws. The higher-end professional toenail clipper will have it's jaws meet as a fine point at the blades edge whereas lower-end clippers will meet more bluntly at the blades edge. Blunter jaws can cause less effectiveness and precision.

Image 14: Paddle Foot File

Image 15: Foot File

Image 16: Clippers


nail nippers Definition:a small mechanical device for trimming tags of dead skin from the surrounding area of the nail

There are many styles of manicurist's nippers on the market.

It is ideal to select tools that fit your hand size. Being comfortable with your tools makes for a higher quality service. Like all professional tools, it is best to choose nail nippers that are high quality and have a fine well-meeting blade edge.

Using sharp nippers can help prevent pulling or tearing of the skin. Another way to prevent injury, hold the nippers very still

while trimming away dead skin. Movement during use, other than squeezing the tool, can result in grabbing, ripping or tearing the skin.

curette Origin:1745–55 Pronounced: [kyoo-ret] Definition:a small, hand-held, scoop-shaped instrument used for removing debris from around nail folds and cuticle area of the nails

This implement was first designed as a surgical instrument used for removing dead tissue of the human body from the walls of various body cavities.

It was later implemented into practice for manicuring the nails.

The recommended curette for pedicuring is the double-sided style.

It's size is approximately 1.5 millimeters in diameter on one end and 2.5 millimeters in diameter on the other end.

It is shaped similar to an ice cream scooper but can vary slightly in lengths and shapes.Unlike the nail nipper or nail clipper, the curette should not be sharp. In fact, it should be quite dull with no sharp edges.

Image 17: Nippers

Image 18: Curette


It is not designed to cut into the nail, nail folds or cuticle but to remove debris which requires no cutting – only gentle scrapping.The gentle scrapping of the surrounding area of the nail plate should not include any digging of the nail fold areas.

If you find that the debris is snugly adhering to tissue, do not use the curette to force it loose. Doing this could result in injury to the patron.

toe separators Definition: a form made of foam rubber or other material, that is specifically shaped to fit beneath and between the toes in order to keep the toes separated enough that they will not touch each other – in order to independently apply products to each toenail

A great alternative to foam separators are standard cotton balls.

Pedicuring stations Pedicuring stations include the client's chair, a platform or floor area for the water basin, and a footrest.

The pedicuring station may be an all-in-one style or each item may be separate and portable.

The client should sit higher than the pedicurist so the foot will be easily placed on a footrest positioned at a comfortable working level for the pedicurist.

Equipment can be cost effective and still provide comfort, high quality and usability. Client comfort is a high consideration when choosing pedicuring stations. Her chair and footrest should be situated for her relaxation as well.

Image 19: Toe Separators

Image 20: Pedicuring Station


Manicurist's chairs and stools

Manicurist's chair

Manicurist's chairs and stools come in various shapes, sizes and designs.

Some chairs have adjustable backs and /or lumbar supports.

Stools customarily have no back.

Your manicurist's chair or stool should ideally be vertically adjustable in that it is easily lowered or raised to fit your needs.

Manicurist's stool

The saddle stool is often used in salons because it rolls on casters, the seat swivels, and it has quick and easy height adjustment.

The pedicurist should be able to perform all procedures in a relaxed position using comfortable movements.

There are many choices in pedicurist stools, client chairs and stations, portable foot baths, supply carts and manicurist tables.

Image 21: Manicurist's Chair

Image 22: Manicurist's Stool


Water baths Water baths are basins used for pedicuring. They hold warm water and soaking liquid for cleansing and softening the skin of the feet.

Portable water baths / basins are available in many different sizes, shapes and styles. Some have features such as motorized whirlpools.One desirable feature of a portable footbath is it's ease of filling and emptying. Many portable footbaths are customized units that have a distinctive area for each foot.

Image 23 Water BasinImage 24: Water Basin

This concludes our study of Pedicuring.

Course SummaryBy professionally applying nail art principles, practices and theories, the salon professional will be an irreplaceable asset to the venue in which they are employed and even more valuable to the client. Knowing and applying the principles of nail health, color schemes, the color wheel into all procedures is a requirement for giving professional nail art services. By observing your State and Federal regulations you can keep the salon environment safe for all. Be diligent in keeping current with Material Safety Data Sheets and OSHA regulations.“Safety First” gives you the best chance of preventing injury and controls infection to you, to others and to the salon environment


References and Resources

All Rights Reserved: Images, illustrations and photography property of ContinuingCosmetology.com copyright © 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018 ContinuingCosmetology.com Publisher

Georgia State Board of Cosmetology and Barbers*237 Coliseum Drive Macon, GA 31217-3858*(478) 207-2440 www.sos.ga.gov

Milady's Standard Cosmetology 13th Edition copyright © 2016 Thomson Delmar Learning5 Maxwell Drive, Clifton Park, NY 12065-2919 * http://www.milady.com

U.S Department of Labor / Occupational Safety and Health Administration200 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20210 * 800-321-OSHA (6742)TTY: 877-889-5627 * www.OSHA.gov

U.S Environmental Protection Agency * Ariel Rios Building 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Washington, DC 20460 * (202) 272-0167 * TTY (202) 272-0165www.epa.gov

U.S Food and Drug Administration: www.fda.gov * 10903 New Hampshire Ave Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002 * 1-888-INFO-FDA (1-888-463-6332)

Dictionary.com: Dictionary.com Unabridged: http://dictionary.reference.com/Based on the Random House Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2016.

World English Dictionary: Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition 2009 © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollinsPublishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2015

American Psychological Association:Dictionary.com Unabridged.

Chicago Manual Style:Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House, Inc.

Modern Language Association:Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House, Inc.Random House, Inc.: BibTeX Bibliography Style (BibTeX) @article {Dictionary.com 2011, title = {Dictionary.com Unabridged}

The American Heritage® Stedman's Medical Dictionary Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company.

Merriam-Webster's Medical Dictionary, © 2014 Merriam-Webster, Inc.

Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2016 Douglas Harper


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