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Mona Island Reef Fish Community Structure and Function for MarinMona Island Reef Fish Community Structure and Function for Marine Protected e Protected Area (MPA) DesignArea (MPA) Design
Distribution of schooling snappers and gruntsDistribution of schooling snappers and grunts
Michelle T. Michelle T. SchSchäärerrer, , DeptDept. of Marine . of Marine ScienceScience, University of Puerto Rico, University of Puerto Rico
H. Ruiz
Second Annual Symposium for Coastal and Marine Applied ResearchSecond Annual Symposium for Coastal and Marine Applied ResearchUniversity of Puerto Rico Sea Grant College ProgramUniversity of Puerto Rico Sea Grant College Program
October 5, 2006, October 5, 2006, MayagMayagüüezez, Puerto Rico, Puerto Rico
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10/4/2006 Sea Grant-UPRM 2
• Function as a control area – ecological processes
• Goal of an MPA – proposed objectives
• Criteria for designing zones:– biological (species and habitat )– governance– cultural– socioeconomic– compliance
• Educated guesswork • Compromises
Marine Protected Areas
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10/4/2006 Sea Grant-UPRM 3
Total MPA Area = 157,575 ha
Mona Island Area= 5,602 ha
Monito Island Area= 14 ha
Marine Area = 151,958 ha
Insular Platform Mona = 8,156 ha
Submerged Insular Platform= 2,591 ha
Bosque Insular (22 de diciembre de 1919), Reserva Natural Isla de Mona y Monito (4 de junio de 1986), Extensión Marina (30 de octubre de 1997)
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10/4/2006 Sea Grant-UPRM 4
Reglamento de Pesca # 6768 (11 de Febrero de 2004)
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10/4/2006 Sea Grant-UPRM 5
• MPA design and evaluating management effectiveness require:– Ecological data– Where are species and habitats distributed
(spatial variability)?– Which habitat characteristics affect species
distributions?– What habitats are necessary for species to
complete their life cycle (Ontogeny)?– How are habitats connected to each other
based on species distributions and migrations?
Research Needs
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10/4/2006 Sea Grant-UPRM 6
• Describe the coral reef community • Elucidate how habitat structure reef fish
community• Determine differences in the abundance of reef
fishes by:– Habitat type– Habitat patch size– Habitat Connectivity (distance from nursery
habitats) • Identify habitats critical for the completion of
ontogenetic migrations • Provide a spatially explicit baseline for
monitoring marine reserve effectiveness
Objectives
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10/4/2006 Sea Grant-UPRM 7
• Benthic Habitat Surveys– 15 m video transect– 5 depth measurements– habitat type classification
• Fish Visual Surveys– 30 X 2 m belt transect– estimated fork length– ID to species
Methodology
H. R
uiz
H. R
uiz
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10/4/2006 Sea Grant-UPRM 8
• Invert abundance– Diadema antillarum– Panulirus argus– Strombus gigas
MethodologyH
. Rui
z
H. R
uiz
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10/4/2006 Sea Grant-UPRM 9
Reef Fish Community
• Species Richness (159)• Grunts (9) & Snappers (7)• Ontogenetic migrations reported
for many grunts and snappers• Juveniles restricted to nursery
habitats (shallow water habitats)
Schooling species–Poorly represented in surveys–Abundances underestimated
Causes poorly understood•Risk aversion•Diel patterns•Socializing•Reproduction
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10/4/2006 Sea Grant-UPRM 10
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10/4/2006 Sea Grant-UPRM 11
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
H. carbonarium
H. chrysargyreum
H. flavolineatum
H. parra
A. surinamensis
H. sciurus
H.plumieri
A. virginicus
H. macrocerus
Total Number (N=613)
Family Haemulidae (Grunts) throughout Mona Island Natural Reserve (7% of all fish)
Haemulon chrysargyreum
Floe
ter
Haemulon carbonarium
Ran
dall
Haemulon flavolineatum
Mar
sden
Haemulon parra
Ran
dall
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10/4/2006 Sea Grant-UPRM 12
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450
L. mahogoni
L. apodus
O. chrysurus
L. griseus
L. analis
L. jocu
L. cyanopterus
Total Number (N=613)
Family Lutjanidae (Snappers) throughout Mona Island Natural Reserve (2% of all fish)
Lutjanus mahogoni
Ran
dall
Lutjanus apodus
Rui
zR
uiz
Lutjanus griseus
Rui
z
Lutjanus analis
Rui
z
Ocyurus chrysurus
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10/4/2006 Sea Grant-UPRM 13
Haemulidae juveniles Lutjanidae juveniles (FL < 100 mm) (FL < 100 mm)
0
50
100
150
200
250
HCAR HCHR HFLA HPAR HPLU HSPP
Seagrass & RubbleSeagrass & PatchesSeagrassRubblePatch ReefCoralBedrock
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
LMAH LAPO OCHR LJOC
Spur & Groove
Seagrass & Rubble
Seagrass & Patches
Seagrass
Patch Reef
Coral
Bedrock
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10/4/2006 Sea Grant-UPRM 14
Haemulon carbonarium
Mean Mean±SD Mean±1.96*SD Bedrock Coral SG_P SG_R
Habitat
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
HC
AR
Haemulon flavolineatum
Mean Mean±SD Mean±1.96*SD Bedrock Coral SG_P SG_R
Habitat
-1.2
-1.0
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
HFL
A
Haemulon parra
Mean Mean±SD Mean±1.96*SD Bedrock Coral SG_P SG_R
Habitat
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
HPA
R
Lutjanus apodus
Mean Mean±SD Mean±1.96*SD Bedrock Coral SG_P SG_R
Habitat
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
LAPO
Lutjanus mahogoni
Mean Mean±SD Mean±1.96*SD Bedrock Coral SG_P SG_R
Habitat
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
LMAH
Habitat types for juveniles (FL <50 mm)
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10/4/2006 Sea Grant-UPRM 15
58 out of 283 (20%) points sampled had schools of
grunts (H.carbonarium, H. flavolineatum, H. parra)
and/or snappers (L. apodus, L. mahogoni)
(n>5) present
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10/4/2006 Sea Grant-UPRM 16
Species composition in schools
H. carbonarium, 2038
H. chrysargyreum, 28H. flavolineatum, 693
H. parra, 552
L. apodus, 719
L. mahogoni, 608
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10/4/2006 Sea Grant-UPRM 17
Haemulon carbonarium
Ran
dall
Haemulon carbonarium
Mean Mean±SD Mean±1.96*SD Bedrock Coral SG_P SG_R
Habitat
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
HC
AR
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10/4/2006 Sea Grant-UPRM 18
Haemulon flavolineatum
Mar
sden
Haemulon flavolineatum
Mean Mean±SD Mean±1.96*SD Bedrock Coral SG_P SG_R
Habitat
-1.2
-1.0
-0.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
HFL
A
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10/4/2006 Sea Grant-UPRM 19
Haemulon parra
Ran
dall
Haemulon parra
Mean Mean±SD Mean±1.96*SD Bedrock Coral SG_P SG_R
Habitat
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
HPA
R
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10/4/2006 Sea Grant-UPRM 20
Lutjanus apodus
Rui
z
Lutjanus apodus
Mean Mean±SD Mean±1.96*SD Bedrock Coral SG_P SG_R
Habitat
-2.0
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
LAPO
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10/4/2006 Sea Grant-UPRM 21
Lutjanus mahogoni
Ran
dall
Lutjanus mahogoni
Mean Mean±SD Mean±1.96*SD Bedrock Coral SG_P SG_R
Habitat
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
LMAH
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10/4/2006 Sea Grant-UPRM 22
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
Spur & Groove Col. Pavement Col. Pavementw. Sand
Linear Reef Col. Bedrock Patch Reef Uncol.Pavement
Scattered CoralRock
Rel
ativ
e Pr
opor
tion
Absent (224) Present (59) Total (283)
Presence of schools by habitat types
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10/4/2006 Sea Grant-UPRM 23
Habitat Variables
• Area of available habitat• Habitat patch size
(perimeter/area ratio)• Distance from shore
(shallow water habitats)• Area of adjacent habitat
(foraging habitats)
• Habitat types favored by schools of adult grunts and snappers– Linear Reef– Patch Reef– Col. Bedrock– Spur & Groove
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10/4/2006 Sea Grant-UPRM 24