Download - Midterm Tests 1 Review
MIDTERM TESTS 1 - REVIEW
Relative Clauses1. They join together one common
information in one sentence;2. Relative Pronouns: who(m), which,
that, whose, where, when;3. We can omit the relative pronoun if
it refers to the object of the sentence. If it refers to the subject, we can’t.
4. Defining vs. Non-Defining Relative Clauses
Quantifiers
Countable Uncountable Both
SeveralA few
Quite a fewVery few
ManyA number of
Loads ofHundreds ofDozens ofToo many
A littleVery little
(quite) a bit ofMuch
A great deal ofToo much
A lot ofLots ofEnoughPlenty of
SomeAny
Gerund vs. Infinitive
Gerund Infinitive
1. Subject/Object of a sentence
2. After prepositions3. With certain verbs4. Noun phrases (e.g.:
have difficulty, have trouble)
With to
1. With certain verbs2. Adjectives3. Nouns4. Something/
Nowhere + infinitive
5. Infinitive of Purpose
Without to
1. Modal Verbs
2. ’d better and ’d rather
3. Let, make, help
Linking words
“BUT” “AND” “BECAUSE”
Although / Even though
Despite / In spite ofHowever
NeverthelessOn the other hand
BesidesFurthermoreWhat is more
For this reasonTherefore
Attention!!!
1. Whereas and While2. Although/Even though + clause Despite / In spite of + noun, pronoun or verb (-ing)
Modal Verbs1. should/shouldn’t (advice)2. must/mustn’t (obligation/logical
necessity)3. can (ability/permission/general
possibility)4. could (ability/permission/present or future
possibility) 5. may (permission/present or future
possibility) 6. might (present or future
possibility/permission/reported speech)
Past Modals
MUST CAN MAY (NOT) / MIGHT (NOT)
CAN SHOULD / OUGHT TO
HAD TO (obligation)
MUST HAVE (sth logical)
COULD
WAS ABLE TO
COULD HAVE
MAY (NOT) / MIGHT (NOT) HAVE + P.P.
CAN’T HAVE + P.P. (sth
impossible)
SHOULD / OUGHT TO + HAVE +
P.P.