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International Journal of Electronics,
Communication & Instrumentation EngineeringResearch and Development (IJECIERD)
ISSN 2249-684XVol. 2 Issue 4 Dec 2012 63-70
© TJPRC Pvt. Ltd.,
MICROCONTROLLER CONTROLLER BASED TRAFFIC VIOLATION CONTROL
SYSTEM USING WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
DHAVAL SHAH, MANAN SHETH, SHIVAL TRIVEDI & SHIVANG BAKLIWAL
ABSTRACT
A system for monitoring traffic at the traffic intersection and reporting incidences of red light violations is presented in this
paper. A working model of this proposed system has been developed and verified experimentally. The system comprises of an infrared
(IR) transmitter and a receiver unit for detection of red light violation. Also for identifying the vehicle violating the law, microcontroller
triggered wireless mobile communication network is used. The microcontroller is programmed automatically which sends a message
containing the car license no, date and time of breaking the rule to the numbers of traffic control units stored previously to the cell phone
directory. Upon detection of the offender, the corresponding action can be performed by the traffic monitoring system.
KEYWORDS: Microcontroller, Infrared (IR) Transmitter and Receiver,Wireless Communication, Traffic Control, Red Light
Violation
INTRODUCTION
Real-time traffic signal control is an integral part of the urban traffic control system, and providing effective real-
time traffic signal control for a large complex traffic network is an extremely challenging distributed control
problem.[1]
Traffic signals, using the concept of time separation, are developed to reduce vehicle crashes at intersections.
Dissent of traffic laws is severely hindering the safety of the road traffic system. According to an in-depth investigation of
road accidents in France, 92% of traffic accidents are preceded by at least one traffic law violation (Rhodes, 1989).
But motorization is increasing even faster than road death and injury (Jacobs et al., 2000). Many countries have
experienced rapid growth in their motor vehicle fleet. As said by Government of India, Minister of Road Transport and
Highways Transport Research Wing, New Delhi, between 1970 and 2010, there has been an increase of 82 times in the
number of registered motors. Also crash statistics have debilitated due to the ever-growing number of vehicles on the road
and this situation is becoming a major concern of Federal, State and local authorities. Furthermore, many drivers do not
accord with traffic signal indications (Retting et al., 1999). More than one million motor-vehicle crashes occur annually at
traffic signals in the United States (USDOT, 1993) are majorly due to non-compliance of drivers to the traffic signals. In
addition to that, a review of 4,526 police-reported crashes in four U.S. cities revealed that running red lights and other
traffic-control devices such as stop signs is the most frequent type of collision in urban areas, and the occupant injuries
occurred in 45 percent of the red light running crashes, compared with 30 percent for other crash types (Retting et al.,
1995). This intimates that reductions in red light running crashes at road intersections would be especially propitious in
reducing urban crash losses.
Probably, the most notable developments have been systems involving the use of digital video recording (Rahman
et al., 2003) with image processing, and system for electronic recognition and identification of a vehicle. Through mutual
technology transfer between consumer and professional video recorders, the last 20 years has witnessed a rapid evolution
from analog to digital recording.[2]
Even though certain countries have used photo-enforcement with some degrees of success, current systems of
traffic enforcement using photographic techniques have certain loopholes that generally do not facilitate effective
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64
automation and validation of the photogra
is usually inefficacious to provide a trigge
the time of receiving image is identical. A
speed pricey communications lines to mee
must be collected manually.
Thus, in this research, a system
advantages over the conventional automat
the communication technologies, the de
ubiquitous IT project, which aims to comb
ubiquitous wireless communication netwo
used, which makes the system not only a
even when the number of vehicles is large
DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM
The overall traffic violation processing sys
Fig. 1: Block Diagram Re
The controlling of traffic violati
identification of the vehicle involved. Th
identifying the vehicles microcontroller tri
numerous specific details are set forth in o
Dhaval Shah, Manan Sheth, Shival
phs required for effective use as legal evidence. Moreov
r point that is sufficiently consistent to ensure that the p
dditionally, systems using digital cameras either require
the demands of communicating high-resolution images,
which is simple, cheap, reliable, and of course offers
d systems has been thought of. With the rapid develop
and for wireless communication is increasing.[3]
Ma
ine the latest wireless network and wide-band technolog
rk.[4]
Here, microcontroller controlled wireless communi
tomatic but also flexible. It also makes the system sim
and also helps the system to keep in pace with the motion
tem of the proposed design is shown in Fig. 1.
resentation of the Proposed Traffic Violation Process
n processing system mainly comprises (I) detection o
e IR transmitter and IR receiver cover the violation d
ggered mobile communication system is deployed. For t
der to provide a cogent understanding of the present inv
rivedi & Shivang Bakliwal
r, the detection system
sitioning of vehicles at
the availability of high-
or else images and data
at least some primitive
ent of the network and
y governments deploy
ies etc. to accomplish a
cation system has been
ple to track the vehicle
of the running body.
ing System
the violation, and (II)
tection unit, while, for
e intent of explanation,
ntion.
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Microcontroller Controller Based Traffic Violatio
Fig. 2: Detect
DETECTION OF VIOLATION
Fig. 2 shows the violation detec
systems use intrusive sensors, which incl
probes, pneumatic road tubes, piezoelect
detectors are usually installed at locatio
technologies are common to systems for
detection of specific kinds of violations. I
intended to be used as a wireless sensor n
of traffic signal violation. For example, th
mum range and the linear distortion was s
post is ON, it will switch on the IR trans
car at the lower part of the vehicle. CMOS
an alleged offender commits an offense at
stop, the detector in the car will receive th
IDENTIFICATION OF THE VEHI
The hardware unit embracing the
microcontroller operated automatic mobile
This system centres on AT89S52
for data processing.[8][9]
. It has higher p
connected through operational amplifiers
attached to the input of the microcontroll
connected to the bidirectional I/O port PC
transmitter, it passes the signal to the ope
n Control System Using Wireless Communication
ion of the Violation Units of the Proposed System
tion unit of the proposed scheme. Most conventional
de inductive loop detectors (Zhang et al., 2004; Oh et
ic cables and other weigh-in-motion sensors for detec
s convenient for operating an advanced traffic manag
detecting different violations, whereas, others are par
this proposed system, infrared radiation (IR) transmitt
twork with detection accuracy as good as that of an indu
measured resolution was within several hundred nanom
ignificantly lower than the inductive sensor.[6]
When th
itters which continuously emit IR signals. The IR detec
-compatible thermopile detectors are widely used for IR
an intersection by violating the red light and crossing t
IR signal from the IR transmitter.
LE INVOLVED
identification of the vehicle violating the traffic rule mai
communication system as shown in Fig. 3.
, single chip high-performance microcomputer used as
ecision, higher reliability and better cost performance.
LM 324 and LM 741) to the base of the transistor Q1.
er unit. The microcontroller is interfaced with mobile
~3 of the microcontroller. When the IR detector receive
rational amplifier. The operational amplifier compares a
65
raffic 119 surveillance
al., 2002) , micro-loop
ion of violation. Loop
ement system.[5]
Some
icularly tailored to the
r and receiver units are
ctive loop for detection
eters over a plusmn200
red light on the signal
or will be equipped in-
detection.[7]
As soon as
e line where he should
ly consists of a
he main control circuit
.[10]
The IR detector is
The transistor output is
hrough four transistors
s the signal from the IR
reference voltage with
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66 Dhaval Shah, Manan Sheth, Shival Trivedi & Shivang Bakliwal
the voltage change made by the IR detector receiving the IR signal and supply base current to the transistor Q1 connected
at the output. The transistor will turn on and give an interrupt signal to the microcontroller.
The microcontroller sends a pulse to the Port C according to interrupt subroutine and trigger the transistors Q2 ~
Q5 to activate the mobile. In accordance with the program loaded in the microcontroller, an interrupt that is sending
message will be performed by the cell. A message containing the car license no, date and time of breaking the rule is
programmed and set to send automatically to the number(s) of traffic control unit stored previously in the cell phone
directory. The law enforcing agency can easily identify the owner of the vehicle from the message received and can take
appropriate actions against rule violation. The entire system is a low cost, small in size and easy to assemble onto an
existing vehicle without disturbing its present arrangement.[11]
Fig. 3
Fig. 4: Experimental Setup of the Proposed System
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Microcontroller Controller Based Traffic Violation Control System Using Wireless Communication 67
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The proposed microcontroller based traffic rules violation monitoring and reporting system has been implemented
with a laboratory model and verified experimentally. Fig. 4 shows the experimental setup of the proposed system.
A remote control toy-car was equipped with the IR detector, and the microcontroller operated mobile unit
Two IR LEDs (Light Emitting Diode) in series with a 100 Ω resistor supplied by 5V dc supply has been used as
IR transmitter. A Photodiode adhered to the lower part of the car was used as IR detector to receive IR beam transmitted by
the transmitter. The road was modeled with wooden frame and to house in the transmitter unit across the road, a glass pane
was used to bridge the pathway.
When the transmitter was switched on along with the red light on the signal post and the car crossed the
transmitter and the intersection violating the red light, in reference to the program loaded in the microcontroller a message
with a sample identification number was effectively sent to a predefined cell phone no. An illustration of the received
message is shown in Fig. 5. The date and time of the sending message was obtained from the message property.
Fig. 5: Message Received Containing the Car Identification Number
This way the laboratory model has affirmed the proposed scheme effectively. The system automatically
monitored, reported and identified the defiant offender using the simple microcontroller based wireless communication
network. The effectual realistic execution of the research outcome can be intended to mitigate the high number of road
traffic accidents.
The conventional systems of (Retting et al., 1999; Rahman et al., 2003) capturing images of violating vehicles by
red light cameras or video recorders suffer from significant hindrances because of poor environment at many intersections.
Specifically, improper lighting resulting from hours of darkness, solar glare, reflections, and shadows may cause
photographs taken by such existing systems to be of poor quality and, therefore, ineffective for identifying the operator or
the license plate number of a violating vehicle. In addition, systems using fixed position cameras further suffer from
problems of driver and/or vehicle identification resulting from occlusion of the violating vehicle by other vehicles.
Moreover, the amount of information provided by existing systems regarding the context and/or circumstances surrounding
an alleged violation is often insufficient for effective violation enforcement.
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68 Dhaval Shah, Manan Sheth, Shival Trivedi & Shivang Bakliwal
On the other hand, the proposed scheme is effective, and free from the effects of bad weather conditions, improper
lightings etcetera. It can easily track the vehicle even when the number of traffic is large. Thus it is presumed that the
proposed system would be more suitable to enforce the traffic rules by detecting a violating vehicle accurately and
reducing the road traffic accidents significantly.
CONCLUSIONS
A novel, simple, recuperated and low cost system for monitoring and reporting incidences of red light violation at
the traffic intersections is performed in this research. The proposed system consists of a traffic rules violation detection unit
and the alleged offender identification unit. Upon detection of a predefined traffic law infringement at the intersection and
recognition of the suspected desperado, the corresponding action can be performed by the traffic monitoring system. The
system is more impeccable as it is free from the effects of the bad weather conditions, improper lighting, which influence
the performances of the red light camera system for identifying the operator or the license plate number of a violating
vehicle. As the overall system is automatic, it is more invincible. However, the prime constraint of the system is that there
should be a trustworthy wireless mobile communication network throughout the site of operation. In this regard, the system
can be made more economical and simple if the 121
Mobile phone unit can be replaced by a single RF transmitter IC TLP 434A and a receiver IC RLP 434. It would
also be sensible that the proposed automated scheme for monitoring and reporting red light violations at the traffic
intersections should be realized in practice. Furthermore, extended application of the proposed scheme providing the
capability to similarly monitor and/or record events occurring at railroad crossings, border check points, toll booths,
pedestrian crossings and parking facilities, would specifically be expedient in the future.
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