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2ND SESSION
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BEHAVIOR INORGANIZATION
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Key elements in organizational behavior
People
Environment Environment
Structure Technology
Environment
Organization
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Management Control is the process by whichmanagers influence other members of theorganization to implement the organizations
strategies. Management Control System influence human
behavior.
Good management control systems influencebehavior in a goal congruent manner.
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Individual difference
Perception
A whole person
Motivated behavior
Desire for involvement
Value of the person ( ethical treatment)
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Achievement motivation A drive to overcome, accomplish objectives, and get
ahead. Affiliation
A drive to relate to people effectively
Competence
A drive to do high quality work and develop onesskill
Power A drive to influence people and situation
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Environment Opportunity
Needs &drive
Tension Effort Performance Rewards
Goals &incentives
Need satisfaction
Ability
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SelfActualization
Needs
Esteem needsBelongingness
needsSafety and security
needsPhysiological
needs
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Organizations goals versus Individual goals
Formal system and informal process influencehuman behavior in organization , they affect
the degree to which goal congruence can beachieved.
Formal mechanisms must be consistent withinformal forces, both a key role in achievinggoal congruence.
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Corporate goals are determined by the CEO of the corporationand usually ratified by Board of Directors or the goals originallyset by founder.
Founder
GOALS
Boardof
Director
ROI
RevenueCompany
size
Profitability
Satisfactoryprofit
Risk
ShareholderValue
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Humanbehavior
Externalfactors
Work ethic
Internal factorsCulture
Mgt styleInformal
organizationPerception &
communication
Goals
Action Congruence
Mgtcontrol
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The common beliefs, shared values, norms ofbehavior , and assumptions that are implicitlyaccepted and explicitly manifested throughout theorganization.
Culture is the most important internal factor in theorganization.
Organizational culture is also influenced stronglyby personality and policies of the CEO, and by
those lower level managers with respect to theareas they control,.
The rules and norms accepted by union also havea major influence on the organizations culture.
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Stephen P Robin ( Organizational Behavior )
Budaya perusahaan adalah sekumpulan sistem nilaiyang diakui dan dibuat oleh semua anggotanya
yang membedakan perusahaan yang satu denganyang lainnya.
Deal and Kennedy ( Corporate culture )
Budaya perusahaan adalah nilai inti sebagai esensi
falsafah perusahaan untuk mencapai sukses yangdidukung semua warga organisasi dan memberikanpemahaman bersama tentang arah bersama danmenjadi pedoman perilaku mereka sehari-hari.
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Unsur-unsur budaya perusahaan :
Asumsi dasar atau pedoman perilaku,
Keyakinan yang dianut bersama, Pemimpin pencipta budaya organisasi/perusahaan
Pedoman perilaku dalam mengatasi masalah,
Sistem nilai atau nilai-nilai yang dianut,
Lingkungan internal dan eksternal,
Pewarisan dan penyesuaian.
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Karakter budaya organisasi/perusahaan Inisiatif individual Tindakan terhadap tindakan berisiko Pengarahan,
Integrasi, Dukungan manajemen, Kontrol, Identitas, Sistem imbalan,
Toleransi terhadap konflik, Pola komunikasi.
__________Sumber : Stephen P Robin dalam Organizational Behavior
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Fungsi utama Budaya Organisasi/Perusahaan Sebagai batas pembeda terhadap lingkungan, organisasi maupun
kelompok lain, Sebagai perekat bagi karyawan dalam suatu organisasi, Mempromosikan stabilisasi sistem sosial, Sebagai mekanisme kontrol dan dalam memadu dan membentuk sikap
serta perilaku karyawan, Sebagai integrator, Membentuk perilaku bagi karyawan, Sebagai sarana untuk menyelesaikan masalah-masalah pokok organisasi, Sebagai acuan dalam menyusun perencanaan perusahaan, Sebagai alat komunikasi
Sebagai penghambat berinovasi.________
Sumber : Moh Pabundu Tika, Drs, MM, PhD dalam Budaya Organisasi danPeningkatan Kinerja Perusahaan.
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Formal ControlSystem
ManagementControl
RulesPhysicalControl
ManualsSystem
safeguardTask Control
System
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geGoals &strategies
StrategicPlanning
ResponsibilityCenter
performance
Rules
ReportActual vs
plan
Performancesatisfactory
Otherinformation
Budgeting
Noa
ctual
revise
revise
Yes
reward
Feedback/communication
Measurement
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Business Unit Managers responsible for planning and coordinating the
work of the separate functions.
Managers exercise broad authority over their units.
Headquarters is responsible for obtaining funds for thecompany as the whole.
Headquarters approve budget and judges theperformance of business unit managers, sets their
compensation. Headquarters establishes companywide policies.
Headquarters staff may assist the business unit such asHR, legal affair, public relation, controller and treasury.
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Business Unit
Advantages
Provides a training ground in general management.
Business unit is closer to the market and the unit canreact quickly.
Disadvantage
The business unit manager is presumably a generalistbut subordinate are functional specialist.
Disputes between business units in business unitorganization.
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Controller is responsible for designing andoperating the management control system .
The following function usually performs by
Controller : Designing and operating information and control
system,
Preparing financial statements and financial report,
Preparing and analyzing performance report,interpreting these report and analyzing program andbudget proposal and consolidating as annualbudget,
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Supervising internal audit and accounting control
procedure, Developing personnel in the controller organization and
participating in the education of management personnel
relating to the controller function. The Controllership is staff function, controller does not
make management decisions. Controller also play an important role in the preparation
of strategic plans and budget.
In companies organized into business units, therelationship between the business unit controller and thecorporate controller is always subject to debate.
Controller must stay independent of entitys managers.
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