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March 25th, 2010
• Objective: Review the workings of the nose, tongue, and ear. – Coloring– Notes
• Do Now – get markers and start coloring!
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Things to color• Auricle / pinna• External auditory meatus (canal)• Tympanic membrane• Malleus/incus/stapes (aka hammer/anvil/stirrup)• (labeled on pic ) semicircular canal, vestibular nerve• Cochlea (& round window)• Auditory tubes• Vestibule• Oval window• Basilar membrane• Organ of corti• Inner hair cells• Outer hair cells• Cochlear nerve fibers
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The Ear
Slide 8.20Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
· Houses two senses· Hearing
· Equilibrium (balance)
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Anatomy of the Ear
Slide 8.21Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
· The ear is divided into three areas· Outer
(external) ear
· Middle ear
· Inner ear
Figure 8.12
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The External Ear
Slide 8.22Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
· Involved in hearing only
· Structures of the external ear· Pinna
(auricle)· External
auditory canalFigure 8.12
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The External Auditory Canal
Slide 8.23Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
· Narrow chamber in the temporal bone
· Lined with skin
· Ceruminous (wax) glands are present
· Ends at the tympanic membrane (eardrum)
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The Middle Ear or Tympanic Cavity
Slide 8.24a
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
· Air-filled cavity within the temporal bone
· Only involved in the sense of hearing
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The Middle Ear or Tympanic Cavity
Slide 8.24b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
· Two tubes are associated with the inner ear· The opening from the auditory canal is
covered by the tympanic membrane
· The auditory tube connecting the middle ear with the throat· Allows for equalizing pressure during yawning
or swallowing
· This tube is otherwise collapsed
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Bones of the Tympanic Cavity
Slide 8.25a
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
· Three bones span the cavity· Malleus
(hammer)
· Incus (anvil)
· Stapes (stirrip)
Figure 8.12
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Bones of the Tympanic Cavity
Slide 8.25b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
· Vibrations from eardrum move the malleus
· These bones transfer sound to the inner ear
Figure 8.12
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Inner Ear or Bony Labyrinth
Slide 8.26a
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
· Includes sense organs for hearing and balance
· Filled with perilymph
Figure 8.12
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Inner Ear or Bony Labrynth
Slide 8.26b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
· A maze of bony chambers within the temporal bone· Cochlea
· Vestibule
· Semicircular canals
Figure 8.12
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Organs of Hearing
Slide 8.27a
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
· Organ of Corti· Located within the cochlea
· Receptors = hair cells on the basilar membrane
· Gel-like tectorial membrane is capable of bending hair cells
· Cochlear nerve attached to hair cells transmits nerve impulses to auditory cortex on temporal lobe
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Organs of Hearing
Slide 8.27b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 8.13
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Mechanisms of Hearing
Slide 8.28Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
· Vibrations from sound waves move tectorial membrane
· Hair cells are bent by the membrane
· An action potential starts in the cochlear nerve
· Continued stimulation can lead to adaptation
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Mechanisms of Hearing
Slide 8.29Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 8.14
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Organs of Equilibrium
Slide 8.30a
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
· Receptor cells are in two structures· Vestibule
· Semicircular canals
Figure 8.16a, b
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Organs of Equilibrium
Slide 8.30b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
· Equilibrium has two functional parts· Static equilibrium – sense of gravity at rest
· Dynamic equilibrium – angular and rotary head movements
Figure 8.16a, b
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Function of Maculae
Slide 8.32Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 8.15
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The End
• Of the ear
• Now to some games!
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