AS-4100Lessons 14, 15 & 16
Principles of War
War & The American Military
The Department of Defense
Lt Col Wayne Doherty
29 Sep 09
Overview
- LLAB & Meal Deal 3 up/3 down -- Debrief (5 min)
- 440 CW/CC “State of the Cadet Wing”-- Briefing (10 min)
- Principles of War -- Short Movie (20 min)
-- OPERATION DESERT STORM (5 min)
-- 12 Principles of Joint Operations Discussion (1 for each student – 20 min)
- The Department of Defense (10 min)
- War and the American Military (10 min)
- AF Topic of Your Choice (10 min) * Recommendations for Living Arrangements as 2d Lts
Principles of War – plus!
Objective Offensive Mass Economy of
force Maneuver Legitimacy
Unity of command
Security Surprise Simplicity Restraint Perseverance
Principles of Joint Operations
Objective Offensive Mass Economy of
force Maneuver Legitimacy
Unity of command
Security Surprise Simplicity Restraint Perseverance
Handouts
VideoInsert Movie File
History
Sun Tzu Napoleon
JFC Fuller
The “Left Hook”
Objective
Directs military operations toward a defined and attainable objective that contributes to strategic, operational, or tactical aims.
Offensive Dictates that we act rather than
react and dictate the time, place, purpose, scope, intensity, and pace of operations. The initiative must be seized, retained, and
fully exploited.
Mass
Concentrates combat power at the decisive time and place.
Mass in WWIIMass Today
Economy of Force
Creates usable mass by using minimum combat power on secondary objectives. Makes fullest use of forces available.
Maneuver Places the enemy in a position of disadvantage
through the flexible application of combat power.
Unity of Command
Ensures unity of effort for every objective under one responsible commander.
Security Protects friendly forces and their
operations from enemy actions which could provide the enemy with unexpected advantage.
Surprise
Strikes the enemy at a time or place or in a manner for which he is unprepared.
Simplicity
Avoids unnecessary complexity in preparing, planning, and conducting military operations.
Source: http://www.efreedomnews.com/images/Iraq/GulfWarMap.gif
Used under Fair Use
Restraint
Perseverance
Legitimacy
WELCOME TO THE DEPARTMENT OF
DEFENSE
How we evolved
America’s oldest company
War Department (1789)
Department of the Navy (1798)
SecDef position created Nat’l Mil Estab
DoD created (1949) Dept. of Defense
Dept. of the Army
1947
Dept. of the AF
1775 1775 1775 1798
1.4 million active duty
673,000 civilians 1.2 million Guard
and Reserve 2.0 million
retirees & families receiving benefits
America’s largest company
5.2 million strong
America’s largest company
Operates from more than 6,000 locations
Using more than 30 million acres
More than 600,000 buildings and structures
Our global infrastructure
Worldwide presence
More than 146 countries Some 473,881 personnel overseas or
afloat
America’s largest company
Budget/ Company Revenue* Employees*
DoD $439 billion 2,073,000
Wal-Mart 305 billion 1,700,000
ExxonMobile 354 billion 85,900
GM 192 billion 324,000
Ford 175 billion 325,400
America’s largest company
In comparison ...
The United States Congress
Who we work forAmerica’s Largest CompanyAmerica’s Largest Company
Our HeadquartersOur Headquarters
§ Pentagon – facts and figures• Construction: 16 months/$83 million
• Corridors: 17 ½ miles
• Employees: 25,000
• Bldg size: 29 acres
• Office Space: 3.8M ft2
• Parking Space: 67 acres
• Circumference: 9/10th mile
America’s Busiest CompanyAmerica’s Busiest CompanyEvery month we...Every month we...
§ Cut 5 million paychecks
§ Take 920,000 contracts or purchase actions
§ Fit 50,000 pairs of boots
§ Serve 3.4 million meals
Who we work forAmerica’s Busiest CompanyAmerica’s Busiest Company
On any given day we...On any given day we...
§ Buy enough fuel to drive a car around the world 13,000 times
§ Maintain 12,000 miles of waterways
§ Operate 24% of US hydropower capacity
§ Manage 232 high schools and elementary schools
§ Provide day care for more than 200,000 children
America’s Busiest CompanyAmerica’s Busiest CompanyLast Year we...Last Year we...
§ Recruited 217,000 military
§ Hired 19,700 civilians
§ Separated 220,000 military and 50,000 civilians
§24% turnover
• President• Secretary of Defense
• Plan & coordinate
• Train & equip
• Conduct operations
• Organization
How we’re organized
President
Military Departments Chairman of the JCS
Unified Commands
Office of the Secretary of Defense
Services train and equipDepartment of Defense
Military Departments
U.S. Army U.S. Air Force U.S. NavyU.S. Marine
Corps
Dept of Homeland
Security
Military Departments Unified CommandsChairman of the JCS
Office of the Secretary of Defense
U.S. Coast Guard
Director,Joint Staff
Chairman of the JCSUnified Commands
Office of the Secretary of Defense
Military Departments
Plans and coordinates
Secretary of Defense
Deputy Secretary of Defense
Chairman, JCSVice Chairman, JCS
Chief of Staff, ArmyCommandant, Marine Corps
Chief of Naval OperationsChief of Staff, Air Force
J-1Manpower and
Personnel
J-2Intelligence
(DIA)
J-3Operations
J-4Logistics
J-5Strategic
Plans & Policy
J-6Command,ControlCommunications
Computers
J-7Operational Plans & Interoperability
J-8Force Structure,
Resources &Assessment
Secretary of Defense
Deputy Secretary of Defense
Unified Commanders Direct link to President & Secretary of Defense
6 Commanders have geographic responsibility
4 Commanders have worldwide responsibility
CentralCommand
Unified CommandsChairman of the JCS
Office of the Secretary of Defense
Military Departments
SouthernCommand
SpecialOperationsCommand
PacificCommand
NorthernCommand
EuropeanCommand
TransportationCommand
Strategic Command
Joint ForcesCommand
AfricaCommand
What we do
Warfighting Humanitarian Peacekeeping Evacuation Homeland
Security
Our most important resource
It’s not tanks, planes or ships, it’s …
People
Provide the military forces needed to deter war
Protect the security of the United States
Fight and win our nation’s wars if/when called upon to do so
Our bottom line
WAR
Reality of Warfare
War will happen…
At the worst possible time
In the worst possible place
With the worst possible enemy
YOUR job is to wage war…
… better than
the enemy
Professional Responsibility
Learn HOW we wage war in ALL of its forms – Against ANY/ALL of our enemies
“Being a warrior is not an AFSC…it’s a condition of the heart!!!” – Gen Jumper
“War is nothing but a duel on an extensive scale… Each strives by physical force to compel the other to submit
to his will… War therefore is an act of violence to compel
our opponent to do our will.”
– Carl von Clausewitz
Definition of War
Basic Themes of War
Politics and violence are intertwined
War is policy…
… “that fights battles instead of
writing notes”
War is the continuation of politics with
the addition of other means
- War is a last resort of policy
-- We exhaust diplomatic efforts!
-- When military engages, the political process
doesn’t stop
Bottom line: Success in war can only be measured
by whether political objectives are achieved
National Policy Through War
Wars are clashes of power and interest Moral constraints should never be put
above a nation’s self-interest Focuses on military necessity, where all
methods can or should be used to achieve victory: Burning of Atlanta in Civil War Bombing civilian centers in WWII
Realism
Adolf Hitler
Wars aren’t merely human affairs:
Divine instruments of judgment
Authorized by God
God responsible for outcome
Cosmic battle between Good
and Evil
Holy War
“Returning violence for violence multiplies violence, adding deeper darkness to a night already devoid of stars.” – Martin Luther King, Jr.
Opposes war as a means of settling disputes and advocates use of arbitration, surrender, or even migration
Spectrum ranges:Avoidance of war at all costs War only as a last resort
Pacifism
Mahatma Gandhi
Killing is morally unacceptable…Determine when war is morally justified and define actions that are permissible
Focuses on:
Protection of non-combatants
Wage war by clearly defined rules
Bottom line: Fight for a just cause and employ just means
Just War Theory
St. Thomas Aquinas
Fog Difficulty to see and understand what’s
happening in battle Once a literal “FOG” Now more figuratively:
Too much happening Misinformation Conflicting information
Overwhelmed with too much info!!!
Battle of Waterloo, June 1815
Friction Murphy’s Law… at its worst
Troops are lost Bombs miss their target Enemies don’t act as expected
Friction is that which seems easy in war planning made difficult in reality!
“Everything in war is very simple, but the simplest thing is difficult.”
– Clausewitz
Chance Plain dumb luck and fortune.
Col Stauffenberg
Assassination attempt on
Hitler
Battle of Midway Island
Participants
Motives
Objectives
Scope of War
Level of Violence
Means Used
Asymmetry
Elements of War
Summary
- LLAB & Meal Deal 3 up/3 down -- Debrief (5 min)
- 440 CW/CC “State of the Cadet Wing”-- Briefing (10 min)
- Principles of War -- Short Movie (20 min)
-- OPERATION DESERT STORM (5 min)
-- 12 Principles of Joint Operations Discussion (1 each – 20 min)
- The Department of Defense (10 min)
- War and the American Military (10 min)
- AF Topic of Your Choice (10 min) * Recommendations for Living Arrangements as 2d Lts
For Next Class
Prepare for Lessons 4, 17 and 19• Take a brief look at the Substance Abuse CBT
on disk• Skim readings for Lessons 17 & 19
Complete Take-Home Exam• Will be posted NLT 1 Oct 09 at 1200L to
Blackboard and Emailed
Questions?