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Lecture 3
Values & principles of professional ethics
ByDr. Hala Yehia
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Objective Define value Identify attitude List component of attitude Define beliefs Types of value Nursing value & responsibilities Value clarification Identify principles of ethics
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Ethics Ethics deals with the “rightness” or
“wrongness” of human behavior
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Concepts of Ethics
Values Belief systems Morality
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Value
Value is a attitude or belief about the importance of a goal, action , object.
Or
Enduring attitudes or beliefs about the worth of a person, object, idea, or action
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A. attitudes a feeling or an emotion, generally
including a positive or negative judgment, toward a person, object, idea, or action
(e.g., acceptance, compassion)
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B. beliefs Beliefs (or opinions) are interpretations or
conclusions that people accept as true. They are based more on faith than fact and may or may not be true.
Life and death Good and evil Health and illness
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Value Formation
Values are learned Values change with maturity and
experience
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Types of values a. religious (obtains strength from religious beliefs) b. theoretical (holds truth, rationality, and
respectable) c. political (values power) d. economic (values usefulness and practicality) e. aesthetic (values beauty, harmony, and form) f. social (values human interactions, is kind,
sympathetic, and unselfish)
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Values Transmission Values are learned through observation and
experience. As a result, they are heavily influenced by a person's sociocultural environment that is, by societal traditions; by cultural, and religious groups; and by family and peer groups.
For example, if a parent consistently
demonstrates honesty in dealing with others, the child will probably begin to value honesty.
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Nursing values: Safe & competent Health & well –being Choice Dignity Confidentiality Justice Accountability
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Values clarification It is a process by which people identify,
examine, and develop their own individual values.
Values clarification promotes personal growth by fostering awareness, empathy, and insight. Therefore, it is an important step for nurses to take in dealing with ethical problems.
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Values Clarification Choosing
Choosing (cognitive) Beliefs are chosen Freely, without outside pressure · From among alternatives
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Values Clarification Prizing Prizing (affective) Chosen beliefs are prized
Acting Acting (behavioral) Chosen beliefs are
Repeated consistently in one's life
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Ethical Principles
Autonomy Beneficence Nonmaleficence Justice Fidelity Confidentiality Veracity Accountability
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Autonomy Autonomy Greek word AUTOS meaning self and nomos meaning governance - Self determination Freedom to choose and implement one’s
decision Informed consent Allowing the patient to refuse treatment if he
decides so
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Beneficence This principle means “doing good” for
others.
"Do good and avoid harm.
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Nonmaleficence
Non means “not” and mal means “bad”. Non-maleficence means “not to do or inflict harm”.
To do no harm o Not assisting in or performing
abortion
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Justice
Referred to as fairness Every individual must be treated equally This requires nurses to be nonjudgmental
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Fidelity
means to be faithful to agreements and promises
Loyalty The promise to fulfill all commitments
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Confidentiality Anything stated to nurses or health-care
providers by clients must remain confidential
The only times this principle may be violated are: If clients may indicate harm to themselves or
others If the client gives permission for the information
to be shared
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Veracity
Refers to telling the truth. This principle implies “truthfulness” Nurses need to be truthful to their clients Veracity is an important component of
building trusting relationships
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Accountability
Individuals need to be responsible for their own actions
Nurses are accountable to themselves and to their colleagues
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Thank You