Kingdoms
Two types of cells
• Prokaryote- Any of the group of organisms primarily characterized by the lack of true nucleus and possessing only a few organelles , and by the possession of a single loop of chromosomal DNA.
• Bacteria
• Eukaryotes-A eukaryote is any organism whose cells contain a nucleus and other organelles enclosed within membranes.
• All other kingdoms except bacteria
Kingdoms
1.Eubacteria
• Eubacteria- bacteria (prokaryotic cells) with rigid cell walls
• The group comprises the “true” bacteria.
2. Archaebacteria
• Archaebacteria are prokaryotes• they have similarities to both normal bacteria
and the eukaryotes.
• live in a variety of extreme environments
3. Protist
• eukaryotic organisms that are mostly unicellular.
• The protists include the protozoans, algae, and slime molds.
4. Fungi
• are eukaryotes• are heterotrophs• They secrete digestive chemicals into their
environment, where the food is “digested”, then the nutrients are absorbed
• Most fungi are multicellular• Includes mushrooms, mold, yeast
5. Plant
• multicellular organisms which produce food by photosynthesis.
• includes organisms that range from a tiny moss to a giant tree.
• All plants are multicellular and eukaryotic.
6. Animal
• Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms
• All animals are motile • All animals are heterotrophs: they must ingest
their food.
What characteristics do taxonomists look for when classifying organisms?
Comparative anatomy
• Anatomy is the study of structure. Scientists look for similarities in structure.
• Example: the forelimbs of some animals
Comparative physiology
• Physiology is the study of function• Example: mammalian digestive systems
Comparative Biochemistry
• Comparing Proteins, DNA, Amino acid sequences