classification of life terms to know prokaryote: – simple cells that have no nucleus eukaryote:...
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CLASSIFICATION OF LIFETerms To Know•Prokaryote:
– Simple cells that have no nucleus•Eukaryote:
– Complex cells, with a nucleus and many organelles•Unicellular:
– Organisms made of one cell•Multicellular:
– Organisms made of two or more cells•Autotroph:
– Producers who make their own food•Heterotroph:
– Consumers who get energy from other sources besides themselves
3 Domains, 6 Kingdoms
Taxonomy:The science of identifying and classifying into related groups
Taxon: a group
Taxa
Binomial Nomenclature
• A two-word scientific name assigned to every species
• Assigned by the Genus species• Examples:– Homo sapiens – Acer rubrum– Panthera tigris
Genus is always capitalized, species is lower case
3 Domains, 6 Kingdoms
Bacteria
• All of the unicellular prokaryotes• Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic
• Examples: Streptococcus, E-Coli, Cyanobacteria
Eubacteria vs. Archaebacteria(2 separate domains and kingdoms)
• Eubacteria– Contain most types of bacteria– Found in nearly all conditions
• Archaebacteria– Found in unusual conditions: volcanic
vents and hot springs– Have unusual lipids in their cell
membranes
E-Coli (Eubacteria)
Streptococcus pyogenes (Strep Throat) Eubacteria
Kingdom Protista
• Typically unicellular• Many of the exceptions to the rules– You’ll know it’s a Protista if it doesn’t fit any other
category
– Cell walls in some, some have chloroplasts– Most unicellular, some multi-cellular– Autotroph or heterotroph
Amoeba
Paramecium
Slime Molds
Kingdom Fungi
• Heterotrophs with cell walls• Most are multi-cellular (mushrooms) but
some are unicellular (yeast)
Mushrooms
Club Fungi
Kingdom Plantae
• Multicellular autotrophs with cell walls
Mosses
Ferns
Flowering Plants
Trees
Kingdom Animalia
• Multicellular heterotrophs with no cell walls
Coral
Insects
Fish
Birds
Amphibians and Reptiles
Mammals
Viruses• Viruses are not listed because viruses are not
living! • Viruses are a piece of DNA or RNA contained
by protein; they are not cells.• Viruses require a cell from one of the
kingdoms above to reproduce.
Representing Evolutionary Relationships:
Phylogenetic Tree:
- Scientific tree showing evolutionary history
- shows relationships thought to exist between groups or organisms
Representing Evolutionary Relationships:
Cladogram:
- Uses shared derived traits
- Derived traits indicate divergence from a common ancestor