Download - Journal #8
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Journal #8
•Monopoly – sole control over an industry
• Strait – a narrow sea passage
• Circumnavigate – to sail completely around something
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Bonus Questions• What are the middle ages?
• Explain Feudalism
• What document written in 1215 was an inspiration for the U.S. Constitution?
• The 150 years of fighting between Christians and Muslims are called what?
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Early Voyages and Explorers2.1 and 2.2
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Why Did People Want to Explore/Travel to America?
• The 3 G’s• Gold – meaning actual gold or anything that
would make them money
• Glory – fame for being the first to discover something
• God – for spiritual purposes, to convert Native Americans and for religious freedom
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The Search for a Route to “the Indies”• “The Indies” meant all of Asia at this time
• Italy had a monopoly on European trade with Asia in the 1400s
• Other countries wanted a sea route to Asia, Portugal and Spain are leaders in this search (question 3)
• Prince Henry of Portugal gathered information about navigation, sailing, mapmaking, and shipbuilding• They create the caravel --------------• Portugal began to explore the world
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Bartolomeu Dias• Portuguese captain
• In 1487, he leads an expedition along the African coast
• A storm blows his ship off course, when he lands he learns that he has sailed around the Southern tip of Africa
• As Portugal sets up colonies in Africa, the African slave trade begins
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Columbus’ Bold Idea• Christopher Columbus thought he could
reach Asia by sailing west over the Atlantic
• People thought he was crazy, some thought the Atlantic was 10,000 miles across
• Columbus was a very skilled sailor
• Columbus eventually gets King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain to pay for his trip
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Columbus Sets Sail• On August 3, 1492, Columbus sets sail with 3 ships from the
Canary Islands• Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria• 90 sailors in all
• After a month with no land, the men get nervous
• On October 12, 1492 Columbus lands in the Bahamas• He thought he was in “the Indies” or Asia
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Columbus Explores and Returns to Spain
• Columbus explores the other islands, he calls the people “Indians”
• He finds some gold and treasure and decides to return to Spain in 1493
• The Santa Maria sinks before he can go, he leaves 38 men behind at La Navidad (Haiti)• Natives destroy the town, everyone is
killed
• Columbus returns to Spain with a hero’s welcome – he is appointed Royal Governor of the Indies
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Columbus’ Death• Columbus made 3 more trips to the
Caribbean
• He fought with Spanish officials and the King stripped him of his title of “Royal Governor”
• In 1506, after 2 years of poor health, Columbus dies and very few people notice
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Explorers After Columbus and Columbus’ Legacy2.2
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Vasco da Gama• Portugal chooses him to lead an
expedition around Africa
• He successfully sails around Africa to SW India • He builds trading forts in Africa,
India, and China
• Other nations decide to explore Columbus’ route
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Amerigo Vespucci• An Italian explorer who reached
South America with a Spanish expedition• He realizes there are more than just
islands
• He wrote many exaggerated stories about his travels
• A German mapmaker publishes a book and map with Vespucci’s new continents• He calls them North and South
America
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Vasco Nunez de Balboa
• Spanish explorer who hears of another sea over the mountains in the “new world”
• He crosses Panama on foot and sees an ocean which he names the “South Sea”
• Before he can sail to the “South Sea” he is executed for treason in 1519
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Ferdinand Magellan
• A Portuguese sea captain who thought he could sail west to Asia
• Spanish officials give him 5 ships, he leaves in 1519
• He crosses the Atlantic and heads south, finally finding the Magellan Strait
• After the strait, the sea turns calm and Magellan’s men call these new waters the Pacific (peaceful) Ocean
• After reaching the Indies, Magellan is killed
• 18 of his original 240 men make it back to Spain in 1522, becoming the first people to circumnavigate the globe• It took 3 years to go 40,000 miles• They actually made a profit from all of the cloves they brought back!
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A Shift in Trade• The Atlantic Ocean became a gateway to
Africa, America, and India.
• Western and northern Europe becomes the center of world trade
• Portugal comes to control 75% off the spice trade, Spain also profits
• The Atlantic is also seen as the key to unlocking resources in America• In the 1500s Europeans cross the Atlantic to catch cod near Canada
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The Columbian Exchange• The exchange of plants, animals, people and diseases between the Americas
and the world, this started with Columbus in 1492
• Plants: corn, potatoes, tomatoes to Europe and wheat and barley from Europe to America
• Animals: beaver pelts to Europe and cattle, horses and pigs to America• People: explorers, settlers, and slaves to America, some Indians were
brought back to Europe• Disease: smallpox, measles, and typhus to America, minor diseases to
Europe. This devastated Native Americans.
• Significance: The Columbian Exchange changed the lives of people in the Americas. This was a very one-sided process with much more coming to America than going back to Europe/Africa/Asia.
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