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Irradiator Technology H-315 Session 07
Irradiator Technology H-315 Session 07
1
Session 07Safety Systems
Session 07Safety Systems
Timing CircuitsRadiation Detection
Mechanical or Physical
Timing CircuitsRadiation Detection
Mechanical or Physical
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Safety FeaturesSafety Features
• Fault: (in Red) will stop irradiator immediately
• Caution (in yellow) will not stop
• Fault: (in Red) will stop irradiator immediately
• Caution (in yellow) will not stop
2
( y ) pirradiator immediately but will not restart
( y ) pirradiator immediately but will not restart
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Timing circuits
Source rack timerSource pass timer
overall and cylinders timers
Overdose timer Console & Touchtime or Nortrack
3
Console & Touchtime or Nortrack
Product movement timer
Barrier doorsStart-up timer & Conveyor start movingCylinder timer
Ozone delay timer
Uninterruptible power supplyResearch Loop Door timer
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Radiation detection
Ludlum Area Monitor L396Or DL-2 monitors (deionizer)
Ludlum Area Monitor L396
4
Ludlum Area Monitor L396or DL-2 monitors (product exit)
L118 or L385 (coming soon)at access door
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Mechanical devices
High temperature sensorsSmoke detector Exhaust fan (flow switch)EarthquakeLow air
5
Stop
TurntablesIntruder detectionFloat switchSource valveAir valve (chain or barrier at door)Pressure switch at source hoist
Computer interlock
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Mechanical devices
Product inlet + outlet doorsElevators, hydraulic, electric pneumaticCylinders (pushing or pulling)
6
Carrier collision device
Warning:Warning:Be aware of always on devicesBe aware of always on devicesBefore fixing any jam all energyBefore fixing any jam all energymust be released on any mechanical devicesmust be released on any mechanical devices
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Fault: Source rack10CFR36.31
Timer in PLC
Source hoist switchIrradiation chamber switch
What:
Where:
7
The source rack takes too long to reach the bottom or up position
To prevent damage to rack or equipment
When:
Why:
How: Change time on PLC to 10 sec.
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Fault: Source pass
Timer - Overall timer,Cylinder timer
Any motion or group of motions in the
Within PLC
What:
Where:
When:
8
Any motion or group of motions in theIrradiation chamber exceeds theselected time
To avoid overdose and To prevent damage to the equipment
When:
Why:
How: Change timer on PLC to a short value
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Fault: Overdose timer10CFR36.31
Timer
Mounted in the console
Th t Ti h t i iti t d
What:
Where:
Wh
9
The master Timer has not initiateda new cycle
To avoid overexposure of product
When:
Why:
How: Set to a value less than Master Timer
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Fault:Product Movement Timer
10CFR36.31
Within PLC
No movement of product inside the
TimerWhat:
Where:
Wh
10
No movement of product inside the irradiation chamber for a period exceeding the allotted time.
To keep product from catching fire due to static irradiation.
When:
Why:
How: Change timer in PLC to a short value.
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Fault:Barrier doors10CFR36.23a
Mechanical switches, PLC timer
Mounted at the product portals
O f th d t d h
What:
Where:
When:
11
One of the product doors has exceeded the short time limit in which it is allotted to reach its intended position (open or close).
To prevent entry of personnelTo prevent collision with a carrier
When:
Why:
How: Remove or bend switch
Warning: Always on device on some machine
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Fault: Deionizer monitor10CFR36.33e
Ludlum Area Monitor or DL-2
Mounted on deionizer system
What:
Where:
When: Detects radiation levels above background
12
Prevent contamination or exposure of personnel
When:
Why:
How: Simulate radiation levels with check source
Detects radiation levels above background.The personnel entry door locksThe water circulation systems stops
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Fault:Product Outlet Monitor10CFR36.29a
Ludlum Area monitor or DL-2
Mounted at product exit
What:
Where:
When: Detection of background radiation
13
Prevent spread of contaminationor exposure to personnel
When:
Why:
How: Simulate radiation levels with check source
Detection of background radiationLocks personnel door
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Fault: L-118 Monitor10CFR36.23a,c
L-118 or Ludlum 385 (now current)
Mounted at personnel entry doorProbe inside source passInterlocked with door (off when source up)
What:
Where:
14
Interlocked with door (off when source up)
Prevent exposure to personnel orspread of contamination
When:
Why:
How: Simulate radiation levels with check source + saturation testusing bypass button on the console.Personnel entry door locks. Alarm on
Detection of background radiationlocks personnel door,
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Fault:High temperature10CFR36.27a
Heat sensors
Mounted on the ceiling between thesource rack and the exhaust fan
What:
Where:
15
To protect the source rack againstexcessive heat
When:
Why:
How: Use portable heat source to slowlyheat the sensors
Whenever one of the sensors is trippedat 160 F. This will also shut down the exhaust fan
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Fault: Smoke detector10CFR36.27a
Smoke detector
Mounted in the penthouse or equipment room. (Intake inside the irradiation chamber)
What:
Where:
16
irradiation chamber)
The smoke detector is tripped.
To protect the source rack against possible excessive heat.
When:
Why:
How: Use smoke generator to feed the intake pipe with smoke.
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Flow switch
Mounted in the ventilation stack, just before the filters.
What:
Where:
Fault: Exhaust fan
17
Whenever there is a loss of air flow.
To prevent ozone from getting into the storage area.
When:
Why:
How: Manually shut down the ventilation.
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Fault: Earthquake10CFR36.39j
Seismic detector
Mounted on the concrete shield in the equipment room.
What:
Where:
18
Whenever the detector is triggered by any vibration.
To protect source rack and equipment.
When:
Why:
How: Use a rubber hammer and "gently" hit the detector supporting plate.
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Fault: Carrier collision
Plates with mounted microswitches.
Located at both ends of the source rack
What:
Where:
19
A carrier or product hit the plate.
To protect the source rack from collision that could create a source jam situation
When:
Why:
How: Manually push the two plates to activate the microswitches.
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Fault: Low air
Pressure switch
Mounted in the source hoist interlock valve box located in the personnel corridor
What:
Where:
20
corridor
Whenever there is low air pressure to the source hoist.
Cylinders cannot operate at normal speed if the air pressure is too low
When:
Why:
How: Shut off the air at the compressor
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Fault: Stop10CFR36.23h-36.31c
Emergency push button on consoleMicroswitches at the plugEmergency stop cable (2)Tampering with or opening the personnel entry door
What:
21
personnel entry door
See above
Stop operation due to emergencyTo prevent exposure of personnel
When:
Why:
How: Push button on consoleBend switch at the inner plugPull emergency stop cables
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Fault: Computer Interlock
Nortrack
What:
Where:
If Nortrack computer senses anysafety system trip or malfunction
22
Fault or Nortrack failure
Backup to console, Stop operation if Nortrack failsStop operation when off carrier timerreaches zero
When:
Why:
How: Any other fault will also give the“Computer interlock fault
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Fault: End of Batch
In the PLC
What:
Where:
Not a real fault. Stops the machineafter a batch load, run or unload
23
To stop machine, see above
When:
Why:
How: This is not a fault to be tested
See above
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Fault: Turntable
Switch
Mounted on a turntable
Wh t t bl t t ti
What:
Where:
Wh
24
Whenever a turntable stops rotating
To prevent non-uniform irradiation of product
When:
Why:
How: Manually, jam the turntable so that the switch will not be actuated within the allotted time.
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Caution: High water
Float switch
Mounted at the pool
Wh th t l l i b
What:
Where:
Wh
25
Whenever the water level is above a preset level
To avoid overflow of the pool
When:
Why:
How: Manually, raise the float until the caution light comes on.
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Caution: Low water10CFR36.33d – 36.41
Float switch
Mounted at the pool
Whenever the water level is below a
What:
Where:
When:
26
Whenever the water level is below a preset level. The personnel entry door will be locked
To avoid loss of shielding water and to protect personnel from exposure to radiation
When:
Why:
How: Manually lower the float until the caution light comes on
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Caution: Interim not clear10CFR36.23
Keyswitch, interlock
Mounted in the interim area.
The interim access door has been
What:
Where:
When:
27
The interim access door has been opened and the keyswitch not actuated.
To prevent raising the source rack with someone still being in the interim area.
When:
Why:
How: Open the interim door and close without resetting the keyswitch.
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Caution: Entry delay
Timer to allow purging of ozone
Within PLC
Whenever the source rack has just
What:
Where:
When:
28
Whenever the source rack has just reached the safe position.
The personnel entry door is locked.
To protect personnel from ozone poisoning.
When:
Why:
How: Try to open the personnel entry door while the "entry delay" light is on.
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Fault: PLC Fault
In the PLC
The PLC failed an internal self
What:
Where:
The PLC
29
The PLC failed an internal self check or has sensed a problem in the hardware relays
Irradiator cannot operate without the PLC
When:
Why:
How: No need to test, self checking
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Caution: PLC Run
In the PLC
What:
Where:
The PLC
30
The PLC Light is on when the PLCfunctions properly
Visual indication the PLC functionsproperly (not on all machines)
When:
Why:
How: No need to test, light stays on
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Fault: Source valve
Two pressure switches betweenThe two source hoist valves
In the penthouse
What:
Where:
31
If one of the two valves sticks inthe on position
To prevent damage to the rack
When:
Why:
How: Not tested, self checking
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Fault: Building Power10CFR36.37
UPS (Uninterruptible power supply)
In the equipment room
What:
Where:
32
Whenever power to the UPS is removedfor more then 5 seconds
To supply power to the control consoleIf power goes off
When:
Why:
How: Turn power off for more then 5 seconds
N.B. If the power is loss for too long & the PLC battery is dead, you will loose the PLC program, (need to reload)
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Fault: Backup Access Control10CFR36.23b
Photosensor arrays
Product entrance & exit and personnel door
What:
Where:
33
Sensor activated. Causes STOP FAULT alarms, lights
To prevent unauthorized entry with source not down.
When:
Why:
How: Activate sensors using a pole while source up or moving up (access door)
N.B. Pre 1992 Nordion Irradiators needed retrofit
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Caution: PLC Battery
The PLC board
On the PLC board
C ti
What:
Where:
When:
34
Board data hold
ContinuousWhen:
Why:
How: Self checking on some systems
Need to change the PLC battery every 3 years with Allen Bradley PLC, others??
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Fault: Smart Time Fault
PC and PLC
Synchronization between PLC & PC
S b t PC & PLC
What:
Where:
When:
35
Sync. timer check between thetwo computers (each has independent timers)
Sync. error between PC & PLCWhen:
Why:
How: Self checking
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Fault: Smart Time Communication
PC server and the PLC
Between PC & PLC
C ti
What:
Where:
When:
36
Must communicate for proper operation
ContinuousWhen:
Why:
How: Self checking
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Caution: I/O Fuse
I/O electronic fuses
In the PLC
If h t d f ti
What:
Where:
When:
37
Prevent damage to the PLC
If short or defective component input/output
When:
Why:
How: Self checking
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Caution: Storage Stop
Three emergency stop buttons
In the warehouse storage area
Wh f th b b tt
What:
Where:
When:
38
Machine would eventually run out of product
When any of the above buttonsare pressed
When:
Why:
How: Physically pressing any button