![Page 1: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
In humans, billions of cells die each day
Cells die in two ways:
1.Necrosis
2.Apoptosis
![Page 2: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Necrosis: occurs when cells are damaged by poisons or are starved of essential nutrients
![Page 3: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Necrosis of plant life
![Page 4: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Apoptosis: series of events that cause programmed cell death (the body forces the cell to die)
![Page 5: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Should you be worried about cell death? Why or why not? Use cell cycle in your response.
![Page 7: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Cell Cycle Revisited
•3 parts- Interphase, Mitosis and Cytokenesis
Interphase
Cytokenesis
![Page 8: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Cell Cycle Revisited
•Continuous cell division process
![Page 9: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Cell Cycle Revisited
•Replace/repairs dead cells with new cells
Cells Dead cell New cell
![Page 10: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
When things go right:
•Healing process works
![Page 11: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
•Growth occurs
![Page 12: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Development of life from one cell to many:
![Page 13: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Cell Cycle Errors
![Page 14: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
•Chromosomes failing to line up in the center in metaphase
![Page 15: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
•Pairs of chromosomes fail to separate from each other in anaphase
![Page 16: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
When errors occur, the body reacts by forcing the cell to die through apoptosis
![Page 17: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Why would the body force a cell that has an error in it to die (apoptosis)? Use apoptosis in your answer.
![Page 18: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Apoptosis rids the body of dead and diseased cells. (Like getting rid of trash)
![Page 19: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
When apoptosis does not work:
![Page 20: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Out of total people in United States:
•1 in 3 will have cancer (33%)
•1 in 5 will die of cancer (20%)
![Page 21: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Cancer:A major chronic disease resulting from uncontrolled cell growth
![Page 22: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, ChildhoodAcute Myeloid Leukemia, AdultAcute Myeloid Leukemia, ChildhoodAdrenocortical Carcinoma Adrenocortical Carcinoma, ChildhoodAIDS-Related CancersAIDS-Related LymphomaAnal CancerAppendix CancerAstrocytoma, Childhood CerebellarAstrocytoma, Childhood Cerebral
Basal Cell Carcinoma, see Skin Cancer (Nonmelanoma)Bile Duct Cancer, ExtrahepaticBladder CancerBladder Cancer, ChildhoodBone Cancer, Osteosarcoma and Malignant Fibrous HistiocytomaBrain Stem Glioma, ChildhoodBrain Tumor, AdultBrain Tumor, Brain Stem Glioma, ChildhoodBrain Tumor, Cerebellar Astrocytoma, ChildhoodBrain Tumor, Cerebral Astrocytoma/Malignant Glioma, ChildhoodBrain Tumor, Ependymoma, ChildhoodBrain Tumor, Medulloblastoma, ChildhoodBrain Tumor, Supratentorial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors, Childhood Brain Tumor, Visual Pathway and Hypothalamic Glioma, ChildhoodBrain Tumor, Childhood (Other)Breast Cancer Breast Cancer and Pregnancy Breast Cancer, ChildhoodBreast Cancer, MaleBronchial Adenomas/Carcinoids, ChildhoodBurkitt Lymphoma
Carcinoid Tumor, ChildhoodCarcinoid Tumor,GastrointestinalCarcinoma of Unknown PrimaryCentral Nervous System Lymphoma, PrimaryCerebellar Astrocytoma, ChildhoodCerebral Astrocytoma/Malignant Glioma, ChildhoodCervical CancerChildhood CancersChronic Lymphocytic LeukemiaChronic Myelogenous LeukemiaChronic Myeloproliferative DisordersColon CancerColorectal Cancer, ChildhoodCutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma, see Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary SyndromeEndometrial CancerEpendymoma, ChildhoodEsophageal CancerEsophageal Cancer, ChildhoodEwing Family of TumorsExtracranial Germ Cell Tumor, ChildhoodExtragonadal Germ Cell TumorExtrahepatic Bile Duct CancerEye Cancer, Intraocular MelanomaEye Cancer, RetinoblastomaGallbladder CancerGastric (Stomach) CancerGastric (Stomach) Cancer, Childhood
Gastrointestinal Carcinoid TumorGastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST)Germ Cell Tumor, Extracranial, Childhood Germ Cell Tumor, ExtragonadalGerm Cell Tumor, OvarianGestational Trophoblastic TumorGlioma, AdultGlioma, Childhood Brain StemGlioma, Childhood Cerebral AstrocytomaGlioma, Childhood Visual Pathway and HypothalamicHairy Cell LeukemiaHead and Neck Cancer
Hepatocellular (Liver) Cancer, Adult (Primary)Hepatocellular (Liver) Cancer, Childhood (Primary)Hodgkin Lymphoma, AdultHodgkin Lymphoma, ChildhoodHypopharyngeal CancerHypothalamic and Visual Pathway Glioma, ChildhoodIntraocular MelanomaIslet Cell Tumors (Endocrine Pancreas)Kaposi SarcomaKidney (Renal Cell) CancerKidney Cancer, ChildhoodLaryngeal CancerLaryngeal Cancer, ChildhoodLeukemia, Acute Lymphoblastic, AdultLeukemia, Acute Lymphoblastic, ChildhoodLeukemia, Acute Myeloid, AdultLeukemia, Acute Myeloid, ChildhoodLeukemia, Chronic LymphocyticLeukemia, Chronic MyelogenousLeukemia, Hairy CellLip and Oral Cavity CancerLiver Cancer, Adult (Primary)Liver Cancer, Childhood (Primary)Lung Cancer, Non-Small CellLung Cancer, Small CellLymphoma, AIDS-RelatedLymphoma, BurkittLymphoma, Cutaneous T-Cell, see Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary SyndromeLymphoma, Hodgkin, AdultLymphoma, Hodgkin, ChildhoodLymphoma, Non-Hodgkin, AdultLymphoma, Non-Hodgkin, ChildhoodLymphoma, Primary Central Nervous SystemMacroglobulinemia, WaldenströmMalignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Bone and OsteosarcomaMedulloblastoma, ChildhoodMelanomaMelanoma, Intraocular (Eye)Merkel Cell CarcinomaMesothelioma, Adult MalignantMesothelioma, ChildhoodMetastatic Squamous Neck Cancer with Occult PrimaryMouth CancerMultiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndrome, ChildhoodMultiple Myeloma/Plasma Cell NeoplasmMycosis FungoidesMyelodysplastic SyndromesMyelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative DiseasesMyelogenous Leukemia, ChronicMyeloid Leukemia, Adult AcuteMyeloid Leukemia, Childhood AcuteMyeloma, MultipleMyeloproliferative Disorders, ChronicNasal Cavity and Paranasal Sinus CancerNasopharyngeal CancerNasopharyngeal Cancer, ChildhoodNeuroblastomaNon-Hodgkin Lymphoma, AdultNon-Hodgkin Lymphoma, ChildhoodNon-Small Cell Lung CancerOral Cancer, ChildhoodOral Cavity Cancer, Lip andOropharyngeal CancerOsteosarcoma and Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of BoneOvarian Cancer, ChildhoodOvarian Epithelial CancerOvarian Germ Cell TumorOvarian Low Malignant Potential TumorPancreatic CancerPancreatic Cancer, ChildhoodPancreatic Cancer, Islet CellParanasal Sinus and Nasal Cavity Cancer
Parathyroid CancerPenile CancerPharyngeal CancerPheochromocytomaPineoblastoma and Supratentorial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors, ChildhoodPituitary TumorPlasma Cell Neoplasm/Multiple MyelomaPleuropulmonary BlastomaPregnancy and Breast CancerPrimary Central Nervous System LymphomaProstate CancerRectal CancerRenal Cell (Kidney) CancerRenal Cell (Kidney) Cancer, ChildhoodRenal Pelvis and Ureter, Transitional Cell CancerRetinoblastomaRhabdomyosarcoma, ChildhoodSalivary Gland CancerSalivary Gland Cancer, ChildhoodSarcoma, Ewing Family of TumorsSarcoma, KaposiSarcoma, Soft Tissue, AdultSarcoma, Soft Tissue, ChildhoodSarcoma, UterineSézary SyndromeSkin Cancer (Nonmelanoma)Skin Cancer, ChildhoodSkin Cancer (Melanoma)Skin Carcinoma, Merkel CellSmall Cell Lung CancerSmall Intestine CancerSoft Tissue Sarcoma, AdultSoft Tissue Sarcoma, ChildhoodSquamous Cell Carcinoma, see Skin Cancer (Nonmelanoma)Squamous Neck Cancer with Occult Primary, MetastaticStomach (Gastric) CancerStomach (Gastric) Cancer, ChildhoodSupratentorial Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors, ChildhoodT-Cell Lymphoma, Cutaneous, see Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary SyndromeTesticular CancerThroat CancerThymoma, ChildhoodThymoma and Thymic CarcinomaThyroid CancerThyroid Cancer, ChildhoodTransitional Cell Cancer of the Renal Pelvis and UreterTrophoblastic Tumor, GestationalUnknown Primary Site, Carcinoma of, AdultUnknown Primary Site, Cancer of, ChildhoodUnusual Cancers of ChildhoodUreter and Renal Pelvis, Transitional Cell CancerUrethral CancerUterine Cancer, EndometrialUterine SarcomaVaginal CancerVisual Pathway and Hypothalamic Glioma, ChildhoodVulvar CancerWaldenström MacroglobulinemiaWilms Tumor
![Page 23: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
•Normal cell growth takes about 20 hrs
•Normal cells layer next to each other when they come into contact with another cell
![Page 24: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Normal cell growth:
Single layer cells (side by side)
![Page 25: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Cancer cell
![Page 26: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Cancerous cells do not act the same as normal cells.
Write the differences you saw in normal cells
(top) and cancer cells (bottom). Use cancer and normal cells in your answer.
![Page 27: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
•Cancer cells have a faster cell cycle (less than 20 hours)
•Cancer cells allow other cells to layer atop, below, and accumulate (group up)•When cells accumulate, a tumor is formed
![Page 29: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Tumor
![Page 30: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
There are two types of tumors:
1.Benign
2.Malignant
![Page 31: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
•Mass of cells that grow slowly
•Not cancerous
•Can be removed and do not usually come back
•Cells in benign tumors do not spread; stay near 1st damaged cell
•Can cause damage by pressing on other parts of body
Benign tumors:
![Page 32: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Malignant tumors•Mass of cells that are capable of rapid growth (depends on cancer type)
•Cancerous
•Invade other cells and spread
![Page 33: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
What are some differences between benign and malignant tumors? Write your answer using the words benign and malignant.
![Page 35: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Ear tumor
![Page 36: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Frontal lobe tumor (brain cancer)
![Page 38: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
![Page 44: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
![Page 46: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
![Page 49: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Therapy :1846, "medical treatment of disease," from Mod.L. therapia, from Gk. therapeia "curing, healing," from therapeuein "to cure, treat." Therapist formed 1886; earlier therapeutist(1816), especially of psychotherapy practitioners from c.1930s.
![Page 50: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Treatments for cancer
Radiation therapy
Chemotherapy
![Page 51: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Radiation Therapy: using radiation to kill cancer cells and shrink tumors
![Page 52: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Destroys cancer cells by destroying DNA of the cells.
Normal cells usually recover easily after radiation exposure.
![Page 53: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Two types of radiation therapy:
1.External- radiation source outside the body
2.Internal- radiation source implanted near the tumor
![Page 54: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Pros: shrinks and destroys cancerous cells, targeted cells limit damage to rest of body
Cons: fatigue, diarrhea, alopecia, constant vomiting, and skin changes
![Page 55: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Chemotherapy: using chemicals to kill cancer cells
![Page 56: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Administered in 6 ways:
Injection at site
Intra-arterial (arteries)
Intraperitoneal (stomach area)
Intravenous (vein)
Topically (skin cream)
Orally (pill form)
![Page 57: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Pros: with the right chemicals, cancer is cured, controlled, and symptoms eased
Cons: fatigue, bleeding, diarrhea, flu, loss of appetite, alopecia, infertility, pain, changes in normal body function
![Page 58: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
A day with roger
Chemotherapy basics
Family and friends support
![Page 59: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
![Page 60: In humans, billions of cells die each day Cells die in two ways: 1.Necrosis 2.Apoptosis](https://reader036.vdocuments.site/reader036/viewer/2022062409/5697bf9b1a28abf838c92eb5/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)