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Fifth ICP Regional Coordinator MeetingMarch 7-11, 2005
The Fairmont Washington Hotel, Washington, DC
Implementation Framework for Basket of Construction Components Approach
Anil Sawhney and Kenneth D. WalshAnil Sawhney and Kenneth D. Walsh
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Brief Background
Since the 1970’s construction sector comparisons under ICP were performed using Standard Project Method (SPM)Use of SPM has been problematicConstruction is termed by many experts as a “comparison resistant” sector
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Brief Background
In 2002 World Bank initiated a study to address this issue that formed the basis of the Basket of Construction Components (BOCC) approachTAG and Global Office in 2004 recommended the deployment of BOCC for ICP 2005-2006
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Overview of BOCC
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Basket of Construction Components
BOCC requires pricing of identified construction components
Construction components are the building blocks of a construction project
Construction projects have some similar construction components
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BOCC Concept
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Concrete Footing Component
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Cement Plaster Component
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Concrete Slab Component
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Roadway Component
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Field Mission7 countries in Africa and 5 countries in Asia and Middle East
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Features of the BOCC Approach
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Materials vs. Put in Place
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Construction Productivity
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Labor/Equipment Trade-Off
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Labor/Equipment Trade Off
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Concrete Mixing Methods
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Vertical Transportation Methods
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Excavation Methods
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Safety Procedures
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BOCC Implementation Details
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Three Baskets4.2 Construction
4.2.1 ResidentialBuildings
4.2.2 Non-ResidentialBuildings
4.2.3 Civil EngineeringWorks
4.2.1.03.1One-family and multi-familydwellings, detached, semi-detached and terracedhouses
4.2.2.05.1All non-residential farmbuildings; all industrialbuildings; office buildings;buildings for health,educational, cultural andreligious purposes
4.2.3.04.1Roads, streets, andhighways; railroads; harbors;airports; canals andwaterways; pipelines for gas,water and sewer systems;telephone and telegraphssystems; electricitytransmission infrastructure;oil wells, gas wells, mineshafts, dams, dikes etc.
ICP Expenditure Classification at Detailed Heading Level from the Handbook of theInternational Comparison Programme, United Nations, New York 1992
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Former Hierarchy
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BOCC Hierarchy
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Systems for Residential Sector
All construction components related to distribution of alternating current and direct current including electrical fixtures for a residential construction project
Electrical
All construction components related to providing climate control or water services such as heating and cooling systems, hot and cold water systems, fire fighting systems etc.
Mechanical and Plumbing
All construction components in place for the purpose of satisfying a cosmetic function, including for example paint or plaster.Interior and Exterior Finishes
All interior walls and opening in the buildingInterior Partitions
Construction components that form the exterior shell of a residential construction project. They are non-load-bearing members that rest upon the superstructure of the building
Exterior Shell/Building Envelope
Structural components and related work items above the ground surface that are part of a residential construction project. These components are load-bearing and provide resistance to live and dead load on the building
Superstructure
Structural components and related work items below the ground surface that are part of a residential construction project. These components are load-bearing and transfer all the loads from the superstructure to the ground below
Substructure
Construction components related to site preparation of a residential construction projectSite-work
System ExplanationSystem Name
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Systems for Non-residential Sector
All construction components related to distribution of alternating current and direct current including electrical fixtures for a non-residential construction project
Electrical
All construction components related to providing climate control or water services such as heating and cooling systems, hot and cold water systems, fire fighting systems etc.
Mechanical and Plumbing
All construction components in place for the purpose of satisfying a cosmetic function, including for example paint or plasterInterior and Exterior Finishes
All interior walls and opening in the buildingInterior Partitions
Construction components that form the exterior shell of a residential construction project. They are non-load-bearing members that rest upon the superstructure of the building
Exterior Shell/Building Envelope
Structural components and related work items above the ground surface that are part of a non-residential construction project. These components are load-bearing and provide resistance of all types of live and dead load on the building
Superstructure
Structural components and related work items below the ground surface that are part of a non-residential construction project. These components are lo-bearing and transfer all the loads from the superstructure to the ground below
Substructure
Construction components related to site preparation of a non-residential construction projectSite-work
System ExplanationSystem Name
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Systems for Civil Engineering Sector
Any underground line, system or facility used for producing, storing, conveying, transmitting, or distributing communication or telecommunication, electricity, gas, petroleum and petroleum products, coal slurry, hazardous liquids, water under pressure, steam, or sanitary sewage. These include wires, ducts, fiber optic cable, conduits, pipes, sewers, and cables and their connected appurtenances installed beneath the surface of the ground
Underground Utility
Equipment installed on civil engineering projects for power distribution systems, substations, power distribution panels, motor control centers, lighting, communications, etc.
Electrical Equipment
Equipment installed on civil engineering projects such as pumps, turbines, boilers, air handling equipment, cooling towers, vessels etc including all connecting pipes and valves. Mechanical includes utility systems (steam, compressed air, and refrigeration), process systems (rotating pumps, compressors, agitators, filters, etc.) special vessel design (tanks, pressure vessels), etc.
Mechanical Equipment
Structural components and related work items above the ground surface that are part of a civil engineering project. These components are load-bearing and provide resistance to live and dead loads
Superstructure
Structural components and related work items below the ground surface that are part of a civil engineering project. These components are load-bearing and transfer all the loads from the superstructure to the ground below
Substructure
Construction components related to site preparation of a civil engineering project including earthwork, earthmoving, and surface treatments such sidewalks and pavements
Site-work
System ExplanationSystem Name
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Residential Basket
Residential Sector
Aggregate
Aggregate Base
Column Footing
Earthwork
Electrical Service Point
Exterior Paint
Exterior Wall Cement Plaster
Interior Wall Cement Plaster
Interior Ceiling Cement Plaster
Interior Painting
Portland Cement
Reinforcing Steel
Aluminum Frame Window
Exterior Sidewalk
Masonry Interior Wall
Concrete
Structural Steel
Unskilled Labor
Skilled Labor
Backhoe
Plywood
Sand
Structural Column Round
Structural Column Square
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Construction Components
Interior Ceiling Plaster
Exterior Wall Cement Plaster
Exterior Paint
Electrical Service Point
Earthwork
Drilled Shaft
Culvert
Column Footing
Aggregate Base
Aggregate
Civil Engineering Works Basket
Non-Residential Basket
Residential BasketConstruction Component
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Construction ComponentsCivil Engineering
Works BasketNon-Residential
BasketResidential BasketConstruction
Component
Structural Column Square
Structural Column Round
Sand Filter
Sand
Round Bridge Pier
Roadway Lane
Reinforcing Steel
Portland Cement
Interior Wall Plaster
Interior Painting
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Construction ComponentsCivil Engineering
Works BasketNon-Residential
BasketResidential BasketConstruction
Component
Unskilled Labor
Structural Steel
Concrete
Masonry Interior Wall
Exterior Sidewalk
Concrete Airfield Pavement
Bridge Spread Footing
Bridge T Beam
Aluminum Frame Window
Round Bridge Pier
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Construction ComponentsCivil Engineering
Works BasketNon-Residential
BasketResidential BasketConstruction
Component
Plywood
Centrifugal Pump
Vibratory Plate Compactor
Backhoe
Skilled Labor
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Price Collection Process
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Overview of Price Collection
BOCC uses the SPD/PS methodology for price collectionIdentified components are representative and comparableComponents are converted into SPDs for price collection purposes
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Overview of Price Collection
Country resources such as public works department and published schedule of rates can be used for pricingCountries will be required to price 40 componentsBOCC methodology can also be adopted for inter-temporal price index
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Example Component Pricing
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Sample SPD
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Material Costs (in national currency)
Type Quantity
(Column 1)
Unit Cost
(Column 2)
Extended Material Costs (Column 1 X
Column 2)
Concrete (includes a 15% overrun)
0.104 cubic meters
Steel 0.012 Tonne
Formwork
Other (List)
TOTAL COST FOR MATERIALS (in national currency): _____________(a)
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Labor Costs (in national currency)
Type:
Number of Hours Required (Column 1)
Rate per hour
(Column 2)
Extended Labor Costs (Column 1 X Column 2)
Unskilled Labor
Skilled Labor (list by type):
TOTAL COST FOR LABOR (in national currency): _____________(b)
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Equipment Costs (in national currency)
Type:
Number of Hours Required (Column 1)
Rate per hour (Column 2)
Extended Equipment Costs (Column 1 X Column 2)
TOTAL COST FOR EQUIPMENT (in national currency): _____________(c)
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Use of SPD
Example: 1 lane-km of asphalt paving. Cross section is shown.
AC Wearing Course
AC Binder Layer
Base Course
Subbase
Compacted Subgrade (price of this item not included in component price)
4000
Curb/Gutter – typical (price of this item not included in component price)
100
200
300
350
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Labor Rates in national currency/hour Skilled Labor:
Type: Number of Hours Required:
Rate (per hour):
Extended:
Unskilled Labor Number of Hours Required: Rate (per hour): Extended: Equipment Rates in national currency/hour
Type: Number of Hours Required:
Rate (per hour):
Extended:
Material costs in national currency Type Quantity Unit Cost: Extended: Asphalt concrete (wearing) t Ashpalt concrete (binder) t Base course t Subbase t Other (list): Total Price for roadway paving (in national currency – sum of material, labor, and equipment):
________________________________________________________
Expert input will be needed to obtain
1. The labor mix.
2. The equipment mix.
The remaining unit costs can come from construction experts, but they can also be updated using standard methods.
The labor and equipment mix and hours need only be updated on the time scale of productivity and method changes.
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Expenditure Weights
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Expenditure Weights in BOCC
W1
W2
W3
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Expenditure Weights
W1—for aggregation of residential, non-residential and civil engineering basketsW2—for aggregation of systemsW3—for inclusion of labor productivity and labor/equipment tradeoff
W1 already available and W3 designed into BOCC
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Sample System Weight (W2)Table 7: Cost Breakdown for Construction in Canada for Year 2000 (Source: Hanscomb 2000)
100%100%100%100%100%100%Total
7.4%7.4%7.4%7.4%6.5%7.0%
General Requirements and Fees
9.3%10.7%14.9%2.4%12.3%4.9%Electrical
19.9%25.6%26.5%20.9%17.7%6.2%Mechanical
9.6%8.8%5.3%0.0%5.6%2.8%Fitting and Equipment
9.3%10.3%8.4%0.6%7.8%4.0Finishes
4.7%7.4%5.0%7.0%0.9%0.7%Partitions and Doors
16.0%16.4%14.2%36.4%19.3%7.0%Exterior Closure
20.1%11.5%16.2%18.9%21.2%58.3%Structure
3.7%1.8%2.1%6.4%8.7%9.1%Substructure
High rise
office complex
Elementary School
Commercial Office
BuildingWarehouseLight
Industrial
Multi Level
parking GarageSystems
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Determination of W2
Determined at country levelHistorical construction project pricing information neededKey goal is to determine percentage breakdown by system typeNeeded for each basket (residential, non-residential, and civil engineering)
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Questions/Discussion