IntroductionBackgroundObjectives/Purpose
MethodSubjectsEquipmentSpecial ConsiderationsExperimental ProcedureLab Work
Analysis
Conclusion
The time course of lane change: Driver control and eye-movement behavior.*Duration of a single lane change averaged 5.14
± 0.86s.“…drivers direct more their gaze to the mirror
and less to the start lane.”
Control and monitoring during lane changes.** “Gazes at the mirror [have] average duration of
approximately 350ms.” * Salvucci, D. D., Liu, A. (2002). The Time Course of a Lane Change: Driver Control and Eye Movement Behavior. Transportation Research, Part F, 5(2): 123-132.**Salvucci, D. D., Liu, A., Boer, E. R. Control and Monitoring During Lane Changes. (Source: http://www.mit.edu/~amliu/Papers/VIV9-SalLiuBoer.pdf)
Previous work addresses lane change behavior.
This study looks at eye movements of drivers as they merge into incoming highway traffic.
Figure 1 – Merging vs. Single lane change
TADDA- Traffic and Driver Data AnalysisThis software developed at URI
It wirelessly integrates the sensors such as Automobile On Board Computers, accelerometers and GPSs.When a test drive is completed the software allows easy export of all the data with synchronization for post drive analysis.
Identify most common eye movements during the merging maneuver in rural arterial road.
Determine the average number of total glances during such maneuver.
Determine gazes’ average duration for the most commons glances.
19 test drives performed
Only: 14 could be used for determined the average
glancesand 9 to calculated the eye fixations average
duration
Reasons:Bad eye data because excessive blinkingFaulty in calibration or synchronization
Weather Conditions Eye makeup and glass can not be wear during the experiment.
Eye Scan Device (with 2 cameras)
Digital Video Recorder (DVR)
GPS reciever
Laptop computer
Camcorder
Figure 2 – Eye Scan Device
Figure 3 – Experiment’s equipment
The subject must look at the test pattern for image calibration.
Adjust the eye tracker’s cameras to assure that the images are seen well.
Run TADDA software and pair the GPS receiver with the laptop.
The subject is ask to close their eyes for 10 seconds for synchonization purpose.
Figure 5 – Procedure steps
Figure 6 – Localization of experiment’s area [Source: Google Earth]
Eye TrackerEye Camera
Eye TrackerEye Camera
Eye TrackerView Camera
Eye TrackerView Camera
Digital Video RecorderDigital Video Recorder
ISCAN Raw Eye Movement Data Acquisition Software
ISCAN Raw Eye Movement Data Acquisition Software
Video with the overlaid cursorVideo with the overlaid cursorVideo with the overlaid cursorVideo with the overlaid cursorFigure 7 – ISCAN Raw Eye Movement Data Acquisition Software’s print screen
Figure 8 – Point of interest ‘s print screen
Graph 1 – Eye Fixations
Graph 2 – Vehicle Path
Graph 3 – Subjects by glances' type
Graph 4 – Glances by subjects
Glance to: Left Side Left SideMirror Back Rear
Mirror
RightSide
Mirror
Glances in the
maneuver
Max 2 7 5 2 1 12
Min 0 0 0 0 0 3
Average 0.50 3.21 ≈ 3 1.29 ≈1 0.92 0.08 5.93 ≈6
Male 0.70 2.90 1.50 1.00 0.10 6.20
Female 0.00 3.67 0.33 0.67 0.00 4.67
Mode 0.00 2.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 7.00
Variance 0.73 6.03 1.91 0.59 0.07 5.61
Standard Deviation 0.85 2.46 ≈ 2 1.38 ≈ 1 0.77 0.27 2.37 ≈ 2
Table 1 – Glances Results
Mean Duration Max Min Variance Standard
Deviation
seconds (s)
Left Side 0.553 0.833 0.100 0.094 0.307
Back 0.842 1.200 0.300 0.090 0.300
Left Side Mirror
0.508 1.633 0.067 0.067 0.307
mili seconds (ms)
Left Side 553.3 833.3 100.0 94.2 307.0
Back 841.7 1200.0 300.0 89.8 299.6
Left Side Mirror
507.7 1633.3 66.7 66.7 306.7
Single Lane Change: “Gazes at the mirror [have] average duration of approximately
350 ms.” *
Table 2 – Summery of gaze’s duration
Table 5 – Gaze’s mean duration by type
GlanceMean
Duration
Left Side Mirror
Left Mirror Rear Mirror
merge with incoming cars(seconds) 0.367 0.453 0.653
(ms) 366.7 453.3 653.3 merge without incoming cars
(seconds) 0.100 0.689 0.733(ms) 100.0 688.9 733.3
Merge with
incoming cars
Merge without
incoming cars
Both
Glance Mean Duration (ms)Left Side Mirror 366.7 100.0 553.3
Table 3 – Gaze mean duration when the merging maneuver was preformed with or without incoming cars
Table 4 – Comparison of left side mirror gaze mean duration .
Graph 6 – Comparison of left side mirror gaze mean duration .
Most common eye movements during the merging maneuver (ramp to US-1). Side mirror glanceBack glance
The average number of total glances during such maneuver is approximated 6.
Gazes’ average duration: 553 ms for side mirror glance 842 ms for back glance But it varies depending on the incoming
traffic.