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454CMR:DIVISIONOFOCCUPATIONALSAFETY
454CMR10.00: CONSTRUCTIONINDUSTRYRULESANDREGULATIONS
Section
PART1: GENERAL
10.01:Definitionsapplicableto454CMR10.02through10.04
10.02:Authority,PurposeandScope
10.03:GeneralDutiesandResponsibilities
10.04:GeneralPerformanceRequirements
PART2: OCCUPATIONALHEALTHANDENVIRONMENTCONTROLS
10.05:MedicalServicesandFirstAid
10.06:Sanitation
10.07:OccupationalNoiseExposure
10.08:IonizingRadiation
10.09:NonionizingRadiation
10.10:Gases,Vapors,Fumes,Dusts,andMists
10.11:Illumination
10.12:Ventilation
PART3: PERSONALPROTECTIVEANDLIFESAVINGEQUIPMENT
10.19:Definitionsapplicableto454CMR10.20through10.27
10.20:PersonalProtectiveApparel
10.21:HeadProtection
10.22:HearingProtection
10.23:EyeandFaceProtection
10.24:RespiratoryProtection
10.25:Safetyharnesses,Lifelines,andLanyards
10.26:SafetyNets
10.27:WorkingOverorNearWater
PART4: FIREPROTECTIONANDPREVENTION
10.34:Definitionsapplicableto454CMR10.35through10.39
10.35:FireProtection
10.36:FirePrevention
10.37:FlammableandCombustibleLiquids
10.38:LiquifiedPetroleumGas(LP-Gas)
10.39:TemporaryHeatingDevices
PART5: SIGNS,SIGNALS,ANDBARRICADES
10.46:Definitionsapplicableto454CMR10.47through10.5010.47:AccidentPreventionSignsandTags
10.48:Signaling
10.49:Barricades
PART6: MATERIALSHANDLING,STORAGE,USE,ANDDISPOSAL
10.56:GeneralRequirementsforStorage
10.57:RiggingEquipmentforMaterialHandling
10.58:DisposalofWasteMaterials
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454CMR:DIVISIONOFOCCUPATIONALSAFETY
10.00:continued
PART7: TOOLS-HANDANDPOWER
10.65:DefinitionsApplicableto454CMR10.66through10.7110.66:GeneralRequirements
10.67:HandTools
10.68:Power-OperatedHandTools
10.69:AbrasiveWheelsandTools
10.70:WoodworkingTools
10.71:Jacks-LeverandRatchet,Screw,andHydraulic
PART8: WELDINGANDCUTTING
10.78:GasWeldingandCutting
10.79:ArcWeldingandCutting
10.80:FirePrevention
10.81:VentilationandProtectioninWelding,Cutting,andHeating
10.82:Welding,Cutting,andHeatinginWayofPreservativeCoatings
PART9: ELECTRICAL
10.90:Definitionsapplicableto454CMR10.91through10.95
10.91:GeneralRequirements
10.92:GroundingandBonding
10.93:EquipmentInstallationandMaintenance
10.94:BatteryRoomsandBatteryCharging
10.95:HazardousLocations
PART10: LADDERSANDSCAFFOLDING
10.102:Definitionsapplicableto454CMR10.103through10.105
10.103:Ladders
10.104:Scaffolding
10.105:Vehicle-mountedElevatingandRotatingWorkPlatforms
PART11: FLOORSANDWALLOPENINGS,ANDSTAIRWAYS
10.110:Definitionsapplicableto454CMR10.111and10.112
10.111:Guardrails,Handrails,andCovers
10.112:Stairways
PART12: CRANES,DERRICKS,HOISTS,ELEVATORS,ANDCONVEYORS
10.119:CranesandDerricks
10.120:Helicopters10.121:Materialhoists,Personnelhoists,andElevators
10.122:Base-mountedDrumHoists
10.123:OverheadHoists
10.124:Conveyors
10.125:AerialLifts
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454CMR:DIVISIONOFOCCUPATIONALSAFETY
10.00:continued
PART13: MOTORVEHICLES,MECHANIZEDEQUIPMENT,ANDMARINEOPERATIONS
10.132:Definitionsapplicableto454CMR10.133through10.13910.133:Equipment
10.134:MotorVehicles
10.135:MaterialHandlingEquipment
10.136:PileDrivingEquipment
10.137:SiteClearing
10.138:MarineOperationsandEquipment
PART14: EXCAVATIONS,TRENCHING,ANDSHORING
10.145:Definitionsapplicableto454CMR10.146and10.147
10.146:GeneralProtectionRequirements
10.147:SpecificExcavationRequirements
10.148:SpecificTrenchingRequirements
PART15: CONCRETE,CONCRETEFORMS,ANDSHORING
10.155:Definitionsapplicableto454CMR10.156and10.157
10.156:GeneralProvisions
10.157:FormsandShoring
PART16: STEELERECTION
10.164:FlooringRequirements
10.165:StructuralSteelAssembly
10.166:Bolting,Riveting,Fitting-up,andPlumbing-up
PART17: TUNNELSANDSHAFTS,CAISSONS,COFFERDAMS,ANDCOMPRESSEDAIR
10.173:DefinitionsApplicabletoFreeAir
10.174:DefinitionsApplicabletoCompressedAir
10.175:TunnelsandShafts10.176:Caissons
10.177:Cofferdams
10.178:CompressedAir
10.179:DecompressionTables
PART18: DEMOLITION
10.185:PreparatoryOperations
10.186:Stairs,Passageways,andLadders
10.187:Chutes10.188:RemovalofMaterialsthroughFloorOpenings
10.189:RemovalofWalls,MasonrySections,andChimneys
10.190:ManualRemovalofFloors
10.191:RemovalofWalls,Floors,andMaterialwithEquipment
10.192:Storage
10.193:RemovalofSteelConstruction
10.194:MechanicalDemolition
10.195:SelectiveDemolitionbyExplosives
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454CMR:DIVISIONOFOCCUPATIONALSAFETY
10.00:continued
PART19: BLASTINGANDTHEUSEOFEXPLOSIVES
10.202:Definitionsapplicableto454CMR10.203through10.21610.203:GeneralProvisions
10.204:BlasterQualifications
10.205:SurfaceTransportationofExplosives
10.206:UndergroundTransportationofExplosives
10.207:StorageofExplosivesandBlastingAgents
10.208:LoadingofExplosivesorBlastingAgents
10.209:InitiationofExplosiveCharges-ElectricBlasting
10.210:UseofSafetyFuse
10.211:UseofDetonatingCord
10.212:FiringtheBlast
10.213:InspectionAfterBlasting
10.214:Misfires
10.215:UnderwaterBlasting
10.216:BlastinginExcavationWorkunderCompressedAir
PART20: POWERTRANSMISSIONANDDISTRIBUTION
10.225:DefinitionsApplicableto454CMR10.226through10.235
10.226:GeneralRequirements
10.227:ToolsandProtectiveEquipment
10.228:MechanicalEquipment
10.229:MaterialHandling
10.230:GroundingforProtectionofEmployees
10.231:OverheadLines
10.232:UndergroundLines
10.233:ConstructioninEnergizedSubstations
10.234:ExternalLoadHelicopters
10.235:Lineman'sBodyBelt,SafetyStraps,andLanyards.
PART21: INSTALLATIONANDERECTIONOFWOODTRUSSES
10.258:GeneralRequirements
10.259:BracingforFirstTruss
10.260:BracingSubsequentTrusses
10.261:ErectionusingMechanicalEquipment
PART22: WORKINCONFINEDSPACES
10.300:Definitionsapplicableto454CMR10.301through10.303
10.301:GeneralRequirements
10.302:SpecialRequirements10.303:SpecialPrecautions
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454CMR:DIVISIONOFOCCUPATIONALSAFETY
10.00:continued
PART23: LIFT-SLABOPERATIONS
10.400:GeneralRequirements10.401:FilingofWorkNotification
10.402:FilingofSafetyandLiftPlan
10.403:EmergencyResponsePlan
10.404:WorkandDesignStandards
10.405:TimeRestrictiononLifting/JackingOperations
10.406:EngineeringOversightandSiteSupervision
10.407:WorkerTraining
10.408:RecordRetention
10.409:IndependentTesting
10.410:ErectionofBarricadesandAlarmSystems
10.411:PublicRecords
10.999:Appendix
10.01: DefinitionsApplicabletoCMR10.02through10.04
Forthepurpose454CMR10.02through10.04,the followingdefinitionsshallapply.Termsnot
definedhereinshallbeunderstoodashavingtheirusualandordinarymeaningunlessadifferentmeaning
isplainlyrequiredbythecontext,
Approved.ApprovedbytheCommissioner.
Adequate.See454CMR10.03(7)Requirementofquality.
ANSI. AmericanNationalStandardsInstitute.
Authorizedperson.apersonapprovedorassignedbythe employerto performaspecifictypeofduty
ordutiesortobeataspecificlocationorlocationsatthejobsite.
Barrier. Asecurefence,railing,coverorsimilarassemblydesignedanderectedtopreventaccidental
throughaccess.
Building. A structure enclosed within exterior walls or fire walls, built, erected and framed of
componentstructuralpartsdesignedforthehousing,shelter,enclosureandsupportofindividuals,
animalsorpropertyofanykind.
CMR.CodeofMassachusettsRegulations.
Commissioner.TheCommissionerof Labor and Industriesof theCommonwealthofMassachusetts,
orhisauthorizedrepresentative.
Competent person. One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in thesurroundingsorworkingconditions which areunsanitary,hazardous,ordangeroustoemployees,and
whohasauthorizationtotakepromptcorrectivemeasurestoeliminatethem.
ConstructionWork.Allworknecessarytobuild,form,fabricateorpreserveanyprojectembraced
inthescopeof454CMR10.00.
CorrosiveSubstance. Anyacidorcausticmaterial,liquid,vapororsimilarmatterhavingthepower
todestroybycorrosiveactionthetextureorsubstanceofabodyorthing.
Dangerous Substance. Any substance known to constitute a significant health, poison, fire, orexplosionhazard.
DemolitionWork. Allwork involved inthe total or partial dismantlingor razingofanyproject
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454CMR:DIVISIONOFOCCUPATIONALSAFETY
embracedinthescopeof454CMR10.00.
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454CMR:DIVISIONOFOCCUPATIONALSAFETY
10.01:continued
DesignatedPerson.Apersonselectedanddirectedbyanemployertoperformaspecifictaskorduty,
whoshallhavethedegreeofcompetencenecessarytoaccomplishtheworkinasafemanner.
Division. DivisionofIndustrialSafety,DepartmentofLaborandIndustries, Commonwealth of
Massachusetts.
Employee.Anypersondirectedorpermittedtoworkbyanemployer,havingspecificregardtoany
oftheactivitiesincludedinthescopeof454CMR10.00.
Employer. Anycorporation,partnership, individualproprietorship, jointventure,firm,companyor
othersimilarlegalentityengagedinactivities includedinthescopeof454CMR10.00oranyperson
actingin thedirectinterestofanyoftheforegoinginrelationtoanyemployeeor place of employment
havingspecificregardtoanyoftheactivitiesincludedinthescopeof454CMR10.00.
Floor. Thesurfaceortheplatformofastructureonwhichtowalk,workortravel.
GeneralContractororPrimeContractor.Anyemployerhavingacontractwithan ownertoperform
thegeneralconstructionordemolitionworkoftheprojectwhetherornotanyportionofsaidworkis
inturnsub-contracted.
Harmful Substance.Anymaterialorsubstanceknowntocontainingredientsthe unprotectedhandling
ofwhichwouldresultininjury.
Hazard. Anysituationinherentintheemploymentthatisconducivetotheelementsof risk ordanger.
Job. Thesiteofaprojectinvolvingconstructionworkordemolitionwork.
Opening. Anyopening,hole,orapertureinfloorsorwallsintoorthroughwhichapersonmaystep
orfallorthroughwhichtools,materialsorequipmentmayfall.
Others. Theterms"others"asusedin454CMR10.00shallmeanandincludeRepresentativesof
LaborOrganizations,Inspectors,Salesmenandthelikewhoseperiodicbusiness presenceis required
andauthorized,whenappropriate,duringtheperiodoftheproject.
Owner. Any corporation,partnership,individualproprietorship,jointventure,firm,companyorother
similar legalentityowning,leasing,orotherwisehavinganypropertyinterestinanyprojectembraced
inthescopeof454CMR10.00,thatentersintoacontractwithoneormorepartiestoexecutethe
constructionworkordemolitionworkoftheproject.
PlaceofEmployment. Anyplaceinoraboutwhichanemployeeorotherauthorizedpersonisdirected
orpermittedtoworkhavingspecificregardtoanyoftheactivitiesincludedinthescopeof454CMR
10.00.
Proper.See454CMR10.03(7)(a).
Qualified. Onewho,bypossessionofarecognizeddegree,certificate, orprofessionalstanding,or
whobyextensiveknowledge,training,andexperience,hassuccessfullydemonstratedhisabilityto
solveorresolveproblemsrelatingtothesubjectmatter,thework,ortheproject.
SAE.SocietyofAutomotiveEngineers.
Safe. Thestateorconditionoftheequipment,material,machinery,constructionsiteanddemolition
sitethatpreventsinjurytopersons.
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454CMR:DIVISIONOFOCCUPATIONALSAFETY
10.01:continued
Safetyfactor. meanstheratiooftheultimatebreakingstrengthofamemberorpieceofmaterialor
equipmenttotheactualworkingstressorsafeloadwheninuse.
Secretary.meanstheSecretaryofLabor.
Shall.Thewordshallisalwaysmandatory.
Should. Thewordshouldmeansrecommended.
Structure. Anassemblyofmaterialformingaconstructionforoccupancyoruseincluding,butnot
limitedtothefollowing:Buildings,bridges,stadia,reviewingstands,platforms,stagings,observation
towers,transmissiontowers,watertanks,trestles,piers,wharves,opensheds,coalbins,shelters,
fencesanddisplaysigns.
Sub-Contractor. Anyemployerhavingacontractwithageneralcontractororprimecontractorto
performtheworkofaparticularportionofaproject.
Suitable. means thatwhich fits,andhas thequalities orqualifications tomeetagivenpurpose,
occasion,condition,function,orcircumstance.
10.02:Authority,PurposeandScope.
(1) Authority. 454CMR 10.00is promulgatedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofM.G.L.c.149,
6asmostrecentlyamended.
(2)Purpose. 454CMR10.00shallestablishandconstitute:
(a) Reasonablerequirementsnecessaryforthepreventionofaccidents andthepreventionof
industrialoroccupationaldiseasesinconstructionandrelatedoperations.
(b) Minimumstandardsforthepreventionofinjuriesattheworksite,pursuanttowhichthe
Department shall,on orafterJuly8,1988,affirm,amendorannul454CMR10.00establishedby
insurers,undertheproceduresetforthinM.G.L.c.152,64.Inaccordancewiththeprovisions
ofM.G.L.c.149, 12 , if454CMR10.00conflictswithordiffersfromanyinsurerruleor
regulationundertheprovisionsofM.G.L.c.152,64,454CMR10.00shallprevail.
(c) Abasisforthedetermination,onorafterJuly8,1988,thatanemployerhascompliedwithorwillcomplywithalllaws,orders,rules andregulations relating tothehealth andsafetyofhis/her
employees,inaccordancewiththeprovisionsofM.G.L.c.152,65A.
(d) Minimumstandardsusedbyinsurers,onorafterJuly8,1988,intheinspectionofrisk,
measurementofhazardsandthedeterminationoftheadequateandreasonablerateor ratesof
insuranceasprescribedbytheprovisionsofM.G.L.c.152,65J.
(3) Scope. 454CMR 10 .00 is applicabletoallactivitiesrelatedtotheerection,construction,
alteration,demolition,repairormaintenanceofbuildings,structures,bridges,highways,roadways,
dams,tunnels,sewers,undergroundbuildingorstructures,undergroundpipelinesorductsandallother
constructionprojectsorfacilities.
(4) Exceptions.Exceptionsmaybegrantedinanyparticularcasewhereitisclearlyevidentthatitis
necessary to prevent undue hardship or where existing conditions prevent compliance; financial
hardshipalonewillnotsuffice. Innocaseshallanyexceptionbegrantedunlessintheopinionofthe
Commissionerreasonableprotectionofthehealthandsafetyofworkerswillbemaintainedthereby.
RequestsforexceptionshallbesubmittedinwritingtotheCommissioner settingforththespecific
requirementsof454 CMR10.00 fromwhich an exceptionis requested and the reason why the
exceptionissought.
(5) TheCommissioneror theCommissioner'sauthorized representative shall, pursuanttotheapplicableprovisionsofM.G.L.c.149,16and17,haverightofentrytoanyworksite,placeof
employmentoremployerlocationforthepurposeofconductinginvestigationsorinspectionsconcerning
compliancewith454CMR10.00.
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454CMR:DIVISIONOFOCCUPATIONALSAFETY
10.02:continued
(6)Whoeverviolates454CMR 10.00,or orders issuedby the Departmentrelatingthereto,shallbe
subjecttopenaltiesasprescribedbyM.G.L.c.149,asamended.
10.03:GeneralDutiesandResponsibilities
(1)Protectionofhealthandsafetyofemployeesandothers:
(a) All placeswhereemployeesaredirectedorpermitted toperformwork of any kindin
constructionworkordemolitionworkshallbesoconstructed,equipped,arranged,operatedand
conductedastoprovidereasonableandadequateprotectiontothelives,healthandsafetyof
employeesandothers.
(b) Employers,owners,contractors,sub-contractors,superintendentsorforemenincharge,and
otherpersonsobligatedbylawtoadheretotherequirementsof454 CMR 10.00 shallnotdirect,
orpermitanemployeetoworkunderconditionswhicharenotincompliancewithorwhichare
prohibitedby454CMR10.00.
(c)Everyemployershallinaugurateandmaintainanaccidentprevention program for the duration
of thejob.Employersshallemphasizethecooperationthatisneeded,reviewaccidentexperience,
checkresponsibilityforaccidentcontrol,guideandadvisejobpersonnel.
(d)Onoperationswherethereisajobsafetyengineer,he/sheshallkeepaccident records,
investigateaccidents,holdsafetymeetingsandcarryonallphasesofthesafetyprogram,otherwise
thesuperintendent,foreman,orasafetycommitteeshallberesponsibleforcarryingout the above
mentioneddutiesofthesafetyengineer.
(e)Theestablishedsafetyprogramshall:
1. Requireactiveparticipationbysuperintendentsandforemanandthey shallbe responsible
foritsapplicationandcompliance.Thejobsafetyengineer,superintendent,orforemanshall
trainallpersonsinjobsafetymethodsandinvestigatecausesofaccidents.
2. Requirecontinuouseducationutilizing safe training instructionsfor allworkersusing
methodssuchassafetyfilms,accidentrecords,safetymotivationcontests,safetymeetingsand
jobsafetypublications.
3. Controlaccidenthazardsby:
a. Evaluatingaccidentexposureswhichmayarisefromeveryportionoftheworkprior
tothestartoftheoperation.
b.Establishsafetymethodsandgoodpracticestobecarriedoutbytheworkers.
c. Safeguarding equipment andmachines andconductinginspectionsinordertomaintain
safeworkingconditions.d.Providingadequatecontrolofoccupationaldisease,exposuressuchasgases,fumes,
dustsandchemicalswhichmaybeinjurioustotheemployees.
e. Providingpersonalprotectiveequipmentwhereneededandrequired. Personswho
havebeenprovidedpersonalprotectiveequipmentbythecontractorshallutilizeallsuch
equipment.
4. Requireonthejobmedicalprogramasrequiredin454CMR10.05.
(f) Inadditiontoadvancesafetyplanning,dailyinspectionsshallbeperformedinordertodetect
andcorrectunsafeworkingconditionsandpractices.Safetysuggestionsfromemployeesshould
beencouraged.
(2)Unsafeequipment,safeguards,orconditionsprohibited:
(a)Noemployershalldirectorpermitanemployeetousemachineryorequipmentofwhichhe
hasknowledgeisnotingoodrepairandinsafeworkingcondition.
(b)Allsafetydevicesandsafeguardsinuseshallbesoundandoperable.
(c)Damagedor unsafeequipment shallberemovedfromserviceuntilitisrepairedandrestored
toasafeoperatingcondition.
(d) Allpersonshavingknowledgeofexistenceofanunsafedevice,safeguard,equipmentor
conditionshallpromptlyreportthesametothesuperintendentorforemanincharge.
(e)Asuperintendentorforeman towhoseattentiontheexistenceofanyunsafedevice,operation,
safeguardor equipment is called shall take immediate steps toremedyor removethe unsafecondition.
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454CMR:DIVISIONOFOCCUPATIONALSAFETY
10.03:continued
(3)Responsibilityofemployeesandothers: Everyemployeeandotherauthorizedjobfrequentershall
observeallprovisionsof454CMR10.00whichdirectlyconcernoraffecthisconduct.Heshalluse
thesafetydevicesandequipmentprovidedforhispersonalprotection.
(4)Requiredreportingofaccidents:
(a)Wheneveranaccidentoccursin construction or demolition workresultingindeathorhospital
confinement,theemployeroftheinjuredpersonshallberesponsibletoimmediatelyreporttothe
DivisionofIndustrialSafetythefollowingpertinentinformation:
1.Nameandaddressoftheemployer.
2.Nameandaddressoftheinjuredemployee.
3.Dateofaccident.
4.Locationofaccident.
5.Descriptionofaccident.
(b) Such reportsshallalsobesubmittedinwritingandshallbemailedtotheDivision of Industrial
Safetyaspromptlyaspossible,in any casenolaterthan thestartofthesecondworkdayafterthe
accidentoccurred.
(5)Permitsbygovernmentalagencies:
No municipality, otheragencyof theCommonwealth, oranypolitical sub-divisionof the
Commonwealthshallgrantpermissiontoanyemployertooperate incontraventiontothestandards
ofsafetysetforthin454CMR10.00.
(6)Requirementsofcompetence:
Whenworkistobeperformedbyorunderthesupervisionofadesignatedperson,thatperson
shallhavethedegreeofcompetencenecessarytoperformtheworkinasafemanner.
(7) RequirementsofQuality:
Materials,Devices,Structures,andMethodsofProceduresofoperationwhicharerequired
by454CMR10.00andwhicharedescribedbygeneraldescriptivetermssuchasadequate,
proper,sufficient,andthelike;shallbeofsuchkindandqualityasareasonableandprudentman
experiencedinconstructionworkordemolitionwork,asappropriate,wouldrequireinorderto
effectasafeoperation.
(8)Safetyinspections:TheGeneralContractorand/orSub-Contractoronanyprojectincludedinthescopeof454
CMR10.00shallarrange tohave daily inspections made bydesignatedpersonsduringtheperiod
oftheprojectforthepurposeofassuringcompliancewith454CMR10.00.
(9)Rulesofconstruction:
Theprimecontractorandanysubcontractorsmaymaketheirownarrangementswithrespect
toobligationswhichmightbemoreappropriatelytreatedonajobsitebasisratherthanindividually.
Forexample,theprimecontractorandhissubcontractorsmaywishtomakeanexpressagreement
thattheprimecontractororoneofthesubcontractorswillprovideallrequiredfirst-aidortoilet
facilities,thusrelievingthesubcontractorsfromtheactual,butnotanylegal,responsibility(or,asthecasemaybe,relievingtheothersubcontractorsfromthisresponsibility).Innocaseshallthe
primecontractorberelievedofoverallresponsibilityforcompliancewiththerequirementsofthis
partforallworktobeperformedunderthecontract.
(10)MeansofEgress.
(a)Thereshallbeat least two exitsprovided throughout alldemolitionandconstructionprojects.
(b)Nostorageoraccumulationofmaterialsshallbeallowedinanyexitways.
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454CMR:DIVISIONOFOCCUPATIONALSAFETY
10.04:GeneralPerformanceRequirements.
(1)Application. Thegeneralperformancerequirementscontainedin454CMR10.04shallnotbe
construedorappliedincontraventionofanyspecificprovisions of other sections of 454CMR 10.00.
(2)StrengthofEquipment.Allload-carryingequipmentshallbedesignedandconstructedthroughout
tosafelysupporttheintendedloads.
(3)OverheadHazards.Employeesorothersrequiredtoworkin,on,orpassanareawherematerials
orobjectsmayfallshallbeprovidedwithproperoverheadprotection.
(4)OverheadProtection. Overhead protection shallconsistofmaterialofsufficientstrength,design
and construction to safely repel objects, normally consistent with construction and demolition
operations,thatmayfallthereon.
(5)HighVoltageHazards.
(a) EquipmentLocation. Noequipmentormaterialshallbelocatedsothatbyoperationsor
manipulationsuchequipmentormaterialcancomewithintenfeetofanoverheadelectriclineof
750voltsormore.
(b)Safeguarding. Whenperiodicworkofapreventativemaintenancetype,suchaspainting,is
performedonhighvoltagetransmissiontowerssupportingenergizedlines,byotherthantrained
linemen,suchtowersshallhaveallexposureareassafelyprotectedagainstthehazardofcontact
withthelinespriortothestartofsuchwork.
Noemployershallrequireorpermitanyemployee,exceptasqualifiedabove,toworkonsuch
towersuntilthisrequirementismet.
(6) ProtectionofWorkmeninElevatorShafts. Duringtheinstallationorreplacementofelevatorsa
tightplatformoftwoinchplanks,inchplywood,ortheequivalent,shallbeinstalledtwostoriesabove
thelevelatwhichthecarorbufferinstallationorreplacementworkisbeingdonesoastoprovide
protectionagainstfallingmaterial.Suchplatformshall cover theentirecross-sectionalareaoftheshaft
exceptthatspacesnotexceeding12"maybe leftforrailclearancebetweentheedgeoftheplatform
andtheboundaryoftheshaft.
(a)Whenelevatorsarebeingreplaced,asolidorwiremeshpartitionshallbeprovidedwhere
necessarytopreventcontactwithanadjacentelevatororcounterweight.
(b) Innewconstructionwheremenare required toworkat intermediatelevels,overhead
protectionnotlessthan27"wideabovetheareawhereamanisworkingshallbeprovided.(c) Alifenetshallbeinstallednotmorethantwostoriesbelowtheplaceofwork,or,inlieuof
suchnet,lifelinesandsafetyharnessshallbeprovidedforandusedbytheworkmen.
(d) Duringrepair workinexistingelevatorshafts,allshaftdoorsshallbekeptclosedexceptthat
whileadoormustbekeptopentoperformthework,abarriershallbeerectedorapersonshall
bestationedattheopendoortopreventunauthorizedentrance.
(7)AirHose. Whenairhosethreequartersofan inchor moreindiameterisused,adevicesuchas
chain,rope,etc., shallbeattachedtothehosetopreventhosefromwhippingifcouplingbreaksoris
accidentallydisengaged.
PART2:OCCUPATIONALHEALTHANDENVIRONMENTALCONTROLS
10.05:MedicalServicesandFirstAid.
(1)Theemployershallinsuretheavailabilityofmedicalpersonnelforadviceandconsultationon
mattersofoccupationalhealth.
(2)Provisionsshallbemadepriortocommencementoftheprojectforpromptmedicalattentionin
caseofseriousinjury.
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454CMR:DIVISIONOFOCCUPATIONALSAFETY
10.05:continued
(3)In theabsence of an infirmary, clinic,hospital,orphysician,thatisreasonablyaccessibleinterms
oftimeanddistancetotheworksite,whichisavailableforthe treatmentofinjuredemployees,aperson
whohasavalidcertificateinfirst-aidtrainingfromtheU.S.BureauofMines,theAmericanRedCross,orequivalenttrainingthatcanbeverifiedbydocumentaryevidence,shallbeavailableattheworksite
torenderfirstaid.
(4) First-AidKits.Onallconstructionanddemolitionprojectsinwhichlessthan100workersare
employed(oneshift),thefollowingfirst-aidkitsshallbeprovided:
NumberofEmployees NumberofKits
1- 25 1
26- 50 2
51- 75 3
76-100 4
(a)Contents.Thecontentsofthefirst-aidkitshallincludethefollowingorequivalentitems:
1. Adultsizeoralpharyngealairwaywithmouthguard.
2.Thermometer.
3.AmmoniaInhalants
4.Bandages-assortedtypesandsizes.
5.GauzePads-assortedtypesandsizes.
6.AdhesiveTape-invarioussizes.
7.UniversalDressing.
8.Scissors.
9.TongueDepressors.
10.ElasticBandage-varioussizes.
11.CervicalCollar-varioussizes.
12.Tourniquet.
13.Hot/ColdPacks.
14.RingCutter.
15.Flashlight.
16.DisposableGloves.
17. AntisepticSolution.
18.Forceps.19.SafetyPins.
20. TriangularBandage.
21.EyeDressings.
22. EyeWashSolution.
23. EyeCup.
24. AmpoulesofBetadine.
25.EyeDropper.
* Anyothersuppliesandequipmentwhichspecialcircumstancesmaydictate.
(5) Storage. First-aidsuppliesshallbestoredonthejobsiteinacentralareaeasilyaccessibleand
adequatelyidentified.Workersshallbeadvisedoftheareasoselected.
(a) Suchsuppliesshallbestoredindustproofcontainersandshallbeprotectedfromexcessive
heatandmoisture.
(6) Inspection.Contentsoffirst-aidkitsshallbecheckedatleast onceeach month for depletion and
deteriorationbyadesignatedperson.
(a)Usedmaterialshallbereplacedwithoutunduedelay.
(b)First-aidkitsshallneverbelocked.
(c) Name,address and telephonenumberofthenearestavailablephysicianandambulanceserviceshallbeconspicuouslypostedoneachfirst-aidkit.
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10.05:continued
(7)First-AidStation.Oneveryconstructionoperationemployingmorethan100persons,atleast
onefirst-aidor emergencyroom,suitablylocatedandproperlyheated,shallbeprovidedinwhichthose
injuredortakenilluponthepremisesmayreceivefirst-aidtreatmentorrest.(a)First-aidstationsshallbe suitablyenclosedandshallprovideaminimumof100squarefeet
offloorspacewithprovisionsforadequatelight,heat,waterandventilation.
(b)Whenafirst-aidstationisestablished,theentirecontentsoffirst-aidkitshallbeavailablein
additiontothefollowingsupplieswhichshallbemaintainedatalltimes.
1.Bag,Valve,MaskVentilationUnit.
2. Adultsizeoralpharyngealairwaywithmouthgard.
3. PortableDsizedoxygen unitwith2000litercapacitywitharegulator,anadapter,tubing
andanadultsizedmask.
4.Portablesuctionmachinewithpharyngealtips.
5. DailyLog.
6.Telephoneanddirectoutsidedialing.
7.PaperCups.
8.Stretcher.
9.Pillowswithwaterproofcovers.
10.Sheets.
11.DisposableGloves.
12.PaperTowels.
13.SoapDispenser.
14. AbsorbentCotton.
15.Basin.
16.Arm/LegAirSplints.
17. Antiseptic.
18. Stethoscope.
19.BloodPressureApparatus.
20. IsopropylAlcohol.
21.CottonTipApplicators.
22. PetroleumJelly.
23.Instanthot/coldpacks.
(c) Wherehospitalserviceorfirst-aidserviceisavailablewithintheprojectorneartheproject,
first-aidstationsmaybeomittedwhenapprovedbytheCommissioner.
(8) Records. Alistingofeachinjurytoworkerrequiringhospitalizationorimmediatetreatmentby
adoctorshall be recorded. Such records shall beavailableat the siteforexaminationbythe
Commissionerduringtheperiodoftheproject.
(9)First-AidPersonnel. Thenumberofworkersqualified infirstaidrequiredonconstructionand
demolitionprojectsshallbeinaccordancewiththefollowing:
NumberofWorkers NumberofFirst-AidPeople
30to100 OneonProjectSite
100to200 TwoonProjectSiteOver200 OneAvailableatFirst-AidStation
(a)Thenamesandtradesofthefirst-aidpersonnelshallbepostedatthefirst-aidstation.
(b)Afirst-aidpersonshallbeapersonwithacurrentcertificateinfirst aidissuedby an approved
organization.
(c)Onprojectswhereadoctororregisterednurseisondutyatallhourswhen work isin
progress,first-aidpersonnelarenotrequired.
(10) Properequipmentforprompttransportationoftheinjuredpersontoaphysicianorhospital,or
acommunicationsystemforcontactingnecessaryambulanceservice,shallbeprovided.
(11) Thetelephonenumbersofthephysicians,hospitals,orambulances shallbeconspicuously
posted.
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10.05:continued
(12) SkinIrritants. Inareaswhereworkersareexposedtopoisonousplantsorchemicalirritantssuch
aslime,creosote,epoxyresinsandotherharmfulsubstances,thefollowingprotectivemeasures,as
pertinent,shallbeprovided:(a)Wherepractical,poisonousplantsshallberemovedordestroyed.
(b)Allemployeesshallbeinstructedinthesafeuseofharmfulsubstances.
(c)Atnotimeshallsuchplantsbeburnedonaconstructionordemolitionsite.
(d) Appropriateprotectiveclothing,gloves,etc.,shallbeprovidedbytheemployer.
(e)Protectiveclothingprovidedshallbewornbytheemployee.
(f)Protectiveointmentshallbeprovided.
(g)Soapandwatershallbeavailableforwashingexposedparts.
(h) Approvedfirst-aidremediesshallbeprovidedfortreatmentofaffectedskinareasandeyes.
10.06:Sanitation
(1)ToiletFacilities. Fromthestartofworkonallconstructionordemolitionoperationsthereshall
beprovidedonthesitewaterclosetsorapprovedchemicaltoiletstoaccommodatetheworkmento
beemployedthereon.TheuseofpriviesisprohibitedunlessapprovedbytheCommissioner.
(2) WaterClosets.WaterclosetsandconnectionsshallconformtoallexistinglocalorStateLaws
pertainingthereto.
(a) Installationandconnectiontotheexistingdisposalsystemshallbemadeassoonaswater
supplyandsewageconnectionsaremade.
(b)Suchtoiletsshallbesocoveredandprotectedthattheoccupantsareshelteredfromviewand
protectedagainstfallingobjects.
(c)Theemployershalldesignateoneormoreemployeeswhosedutyitshallbetothoroughly
cleanthetoiletcompartmentsandfixturesatleastonceeachday.
1. Theemployershallprovideasupplyofsanitarytoiletpaperandpapertowelsinalltoilet
installations.
2.Theemployeesshallcooperate in keeping the toiletsandcompartmentscleanandorderly.
(3)Ventilation. Toiletfacilitiesshallhaveadequateventilationandnaturalorartificialilluminationas
wellasreasonableheatduringthewinterseason.
(4) RequiredNumber. Waterclosetsorchemicaltoiletsshallbeprovidedinnotlessthanthefollowingratio:
NumberofWorkers NumberofUnits
25orlessemployees 1
25to50employees 2
50to75employees 3
75to100employees 4
Foreachadditional30employeesinexcessof100,onemoreunit.
(5)Accessibility. Toiletfacilitiesshallbereadilyaccessibleandinnocase,exceptonroadwork,shall
suchfacilitiesbelocatedmorethan300'distantfromworklocations.
(a)Onprojectsmorethanfourstoriesinheight,toilet facilities shall be providedon the thirdfloor
andeachsucceedingfourthfloor.
(b)Onallprojectswherefemalesareemployed,separatetoiletfacilitiesshallbeprovidedand
properlydesignated,unlessalockisprovidedontheinsideofthedoor.
(6)WashingFacilities.
(a) RequiredAccommodations. Washing accommodations shall bemade available forall
employees.(b)Onprojectsemployinglessthan100employees,oneofthefollowingshallbeprovided:
1.Asupplyoffresh,cleanwaterandacontainerforeachfivepersons.
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10.06:continued
2.Afresh,cleanrunningwateroutletshallbeprovidedforeach30persons.
3.Onprojectsemploying100ormoreemployeesononeshiftawashroom shallbeprovided
withasupplyofrunningfresh,cleanwaterwithafixedwashbasinforeach20persons.
(7)SpecialWashingFacilities. Asupplyof clean,warm andcoldwater,soapandpapertowelsshall
beprovidedforallemployeesrequiredtouseorhandlecorrosiveorharmfulsubstances.
(8) ChangeHouses. Whereemployeeschangetheirclothesonthe job,changehousesorother
enclosedandshelteredlocationsofsufficientsizetoaccommodatetheemployeesshallbeprovided.
Suchchangehouses or locations shallhaveproperlightingandventilationandshallbeadequately
heated.
(9) DrinkingWater.AdequateSupply. Thereshallbeprovidedinreadilyaccessiblelocationson
everyconstructionsite,asufficientsupplyofclean,pureandcool drinkingwater,securedfromthecity
ortownwatersystem.
(a)Insuchdistrictswherenolocal water systemis available,thedrinkingwatershallbeobtained
fromareputablesourcethatwillassurethepurityofthewatersupplied.
(b)Thedrinkingwaterifmadeavailabletoemployeesfromtheusualpipingsystemsshallbe
equippedattheoutletwithabubbler-typedrinkingattachment.
(c)Allotherdrinkingwatersuppliedshallbeprovidedfromatightlycoveredcontainer,witha
filleropeningsufficientinsizetopermitpropercleansing.
1. The containershall beequippedwith eitherthebubbler-type,orfaucet, forusein
controllingthedischargeofthewater.
2. Individualdrinkingcupsshallbeprovidedateachdrinkingstation.
3. Theuseofthecommondrinkingcupisprohibited.
(10)VerminControl. Everyenclosedworkplaceshallbesoconstructed,equipped,andmaintained,
sofarasreasonablypracticable,astopreventtheentranceorharborageofrodents,insects,andother
vermin. Acontinuingandeffectiveexterminationprogramshallbeinstitutedwheretheirpresenceis
detected.
(11)FoodHandling. Allemployees'foodservicefacilitiesandoperationsshallmeettheapplicable
laws,ordinances,andregulationsofthejurisdictionsinwhichtheyarelocated.
(12)TemporarySleepingQuarters. Whentemporarysleepingquartersareprovided,theyshallbe
heated,ventilated,andlighted.
10.07:OccupationalNoiseExposure
(1)Protectionagainsttheeffectsofnoiseexposureshallbeprovidedwhenthesoundlevelsexceed
thoseshowninTable10.07-1of454CMR10.07whenmeasuredontheA-scaleofastandardsound
levelmeteratslowresponse.
(2)WhenemployeesaresubjectedtosoundlevelsexceedingthoselistedinTable10.07-1,feasibleadministrativeorengineeringcontrolsshallbeutilized.Ifsuchcontrolsfailtoreducesoundlevelswithin
thelevelsofthetable,personalprotectiveequipment as requiredin454CMR10.00,Part3,shallbe
providedandusedtoreducesoundlevelswithinthelevelsofthetable.
(3) Ifthevariationsinnoiselevelinvolvemaxima at intervals ofonesecondorless,itistobe
consideredcontinuous.
(4) Inallcaseswherethesoundlevelsexceed the valuesshown herein,acontinuing,effectivehearing
conservationprogramshallbeadministered.
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10.07:continued
454CMR:DIVISIONOFOCCUPATIONALSAFETY
TABLE10-07-1PERMISSIBLENOISEEXPOSURES
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Soundlevel
Durationperday,hours dBAslow
response
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)))))))Q
8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
orless . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
(5)Whenthedailynoiseexposureis composedoftwoormoreperiodsofnoiseexposureofdifferent
levels,theircombinedeffectshouldbe considered, ratherthanthe individualeffectofeach.Exposure
todifferentlevelsforvariousperiodsoftimeshallbecomputedaccordingtotheformulasetforthin
454CMR10.07(5)(a).
(a)F=(T/L)+(T/L)+ .. .+(T/L )where:e 1 1 2 2 n m
F=Theequivalentnoiseexposurefactor.e
T=Theperiodofnoiseexposureatanyessentiallyconstantlevel.
L=Thedurationofthepermissiblenoiseexposureattheconstantlevel(fromTable10-07-1).
IfthevalueofF exceedsunity(1)theexposureexceedspermissiblelevels.e
(b)Asamplecomputationshowinganapplicationoftheformulain454CMR10.07(5)(a)isasfollows.Anemployeeisexposedattheselevelsfortheseperiods:
110dbAhour.
100dbAhour.
90dbA1hours.
F=(1/4/1/2)+(1/2/2)+(11/2/8)e
F=0.500+0.25+0.188e
F=0.938e
SincethevalueofF doesnotexceedunity,theexposureiswithinpermissiblelimits.e
(6)Exposuretoimpulsiveorimpactnoiseshouldnotexceed140dBpeaksoundpressurelevel.
10.08:IonizingRadiation
(1)Inconstructionandrelatedactivitiesinvolvingtheuseof sources ofionizingradiation,thepertinent
provisionsoftheNuclearRegulatoryCommission'sStandardsforProtectionAgainstRadiation(10
CFRPart20),relatingtoprotectionagainstoccupationalradiationexposure,shallapply.
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10.08:continued
(2) AnyactivitywhichinvolvestheuseofradioactivematerialsorX-rays,whetherornotunder
licensefromtheNuclear Regulatory Commission,shallbeperformedbycompetentpersonsspecially
trainedintheproperandsafeoperation ofsuchequipment.InthecaseofmaterialsusedunderCommission license, onlypersons actually licensed, or competent pe rsons under direction and
supervisionofthelicensee,shallperformsuchwork.
(3) Sources ofionizing radiation including radioactivematerialand ionizing radiationproducing
equipmentshallberegisteredwiththeCommissionerofLaborandIndustriesinaccordancewiththe
provisionsof453CMR4.00.Themedicalrequirementsof453CMR4.00shallalsobeobserved
whereapplicable.
10.09:NonionizingRadiation
(1) UltravioletRadiation(200-400nanometers)TheThresholdLimitValues(TLV)oftheAmerican
ConferenceofGovernmentalIndustrialHygienistsshallapplyintheabsenceofCommonwealth or
Federalregulatorycriteriaorstandards.SeePhysicalDataSheetNo. 3onUltravioletRadiationissued
byMassachusettsDivisionofOccupationalHygiene,foradditionalinformationandrecommendedsafe
practices.
(2) InfraredRadiation(700 -1,000,000nonometers)TheThresholdLimitValues(TLV)ofthe
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists shall apply in the absence of
CommonwealthorFederal regulatory criteriaorstandards. SeePhysicalDataSheetNo. 4 for
InfraredRadiationissuedbyMassachusettsDivisionofOccupationalHygiene,forinformationand
recommendedsafepractices.
(3)LaserRadiation
(a) Theenergy(radiation)transmittedbylasersrangesfromultraviolettoinfrared,dependingon
thesourceofemissionorlasingmedium. Safetyproceduresnecessaryforlaseroperationvarywith
thelaserhazardclassification.Laserclassificationisgiveninthemanufacturer'slabelforlasers
madeforsaleintheU.S.A.sinceAugust2,1976. Alaserwithoutaclassificationshallhaveits
applicable class established after determining the required radiometric parameters using the
guidanceprovidedinSection3.2andtheAppendixAtablescontainedinANSIZ136.1-1986.
(b)LaserClassification:
1. Class I. This class includes the lowest powered lasers and is normally limited togallium-arsenidelasersorcertainenclosedlasers.AClassIlaserisonethatisconsideredto
beincapableofproducingdamagingradiationlevelsandis,thereforeexemptfromany control
measuresorotherformsofsurveillance.
2.ClassII. Thisclasslaseremitsinthevisibleportionofthespectrum(0.4to0.7pm)and
eyeprotectionisnormallyaffordedbytheaversionresponseincludingtheblinkreflex.Class
IIlasersarefrequentlytermedlow-power,butshouldhaveacautionlabelaffixedtoindicate
thatanindividualshouldnotpurposefullystareintothelaser.
3. ClassIII.ClassIIIlasers(medium-power)aredividedintotwosubclasses,3aand3b.
ClassIIIlasersarethosewhichcancauseinjurywithin thenatural aversionresponsetime,i.e.,
fasterthantheblinkreflex (0.25second).These lasers arenotcapableofcausingseriousskininjuryorhazardousdiffusereflectionsundernormaluse.ClassIIIlasersmusthavedanger
labels.AClassIIIlaserisnormallynotafirehazard.
4. ClassIV. AClassIVlaser(highpower)isahazardtotheeyeandskinfromthedirect
beamandsometimesfromadiffusereflection.AClassIVlasercanbeafirehazard.
(c)LaserSafetyPrecautionsandControls:
1.ClassIControls:Nousersafetyrulesarenecessary.
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454CMR:DIVISIONOFOCCUPATIONALSAFETY
10.09:continued
2.
3.
4.
ClassIIControls:
a.Nopersonshallbepermittedtocontinuouslystareintothelasersourceifexposure
levelsexceedtheapplicablepermissibleexposurelevelforthedurationoftheintendedstare.
b.Thelaserbeamshallnotbedirectedatemployeesormembersofthepublic.
ClassIIIControls:
a. Thelasershallnotbeaimedatanindividual'seye.
b.Onlyqualifiedandtrainedpersonnelshallbeassignedtoinstall,adjustandoperate
ClassIIIlasers.
c. Beampath shall beenclosed tomaximumpractical extent. Useof transparent
enclosure shall be usedif necessary toprevent individuals from placing theirheador
reflectingobjects within thebeam path.Terminations shallbeusedattheendoftheuseful
pathsofthedirectandanysecondarybeams.
d.Shutters,polarizersandopticalfilters shall be placedatthelaserexitporttoreducethe
beampower tothe minimalusefullevel.Lasershallbeturnedoffwhenlasertransmission
isnotactuallyrequired,orwhenlaserisleftunattendedforasubstantialperiodoftime,
suchasduringlunchhour,overnight,oratchangeofshifts.
e.Spectatorsshallbecontrolledandkeptawayfrombeampath.
f.Awarninglightoraudiblealarmsuchasbuzzershallbeusedtoindicatelaseroperation.
(Thisisespeciallyneededifthebeamisnotvisible,i.e.,forinfraredlasers.)
g. Lasertrackingofnontargetvehiclesoraircraftshallnotbepermitted.
h. Lasershallonlybeoperatedinarestrictedareaandstandardlaserwarningsignsshall
beconspicuouslyposted.
i.Laserbeampathshallbeplacedwellaboveorwellbelowtheeyelevelofanysitting
orstandardemployeeorobserverwheneverpossible.Thelasershallbemountedfirmly
toassurethatthebeamstravelsonlyalongitsintendedpath.
j.Properlasereyeprotectionasspecifiedin Part 3 shall be used if a potentialeyehazard
existsforthedirectbeamoraspecularreflection.
k.Akeyswitchshallbeinstalledtominimizetamperingbyunauthorizedindividuals.
l. The beam or its specular reflection shall never be directly viewed with optical
instrumentssuchasbinocularsortelescopes.
m.Allunnecessarymirror-likesurfacesshallberemovedfromwithinthevicinityofthe
laserbeampath.
n. Whenitisrainingorsnowing,orwherethereisdustorfogintheair,laseroperation shallbeprohibitedwherepracticable;inany event,all personnel shall bekeptoutofrange
oftheareaofsourceandtargetduringsuchweatherconditions.
ClassIVControls:
a. ClassIVlasersshallbeoperatedwithinalocalizedenclosure,or ina controlled
workplace,orwherethe beam isdirected intoouterspace.Ifacompletelocalenclosure
is not possible, laseroperationindoorsshall be ina light-tight room with interlocked
entrancestoassurethatthelasercannotemitwhileadoorisopen.
b. EyeprotectionasspecifiedinPart3shallbeused byall individuals workingwithin the
controlledarea.If the laser beam irradiance issufficienttobeaseriousskinorfirehazard,
asuitableshieldshallbeusedbetweenthelaserbeamandanypersonnel.c. Remotefiringwithvideomonitoringorothersaferemoteviewingtechniquesshallbe
chosenwhenfeasible.
d. OutdoorClassIVlaserdevicessuchasasatellitelasertransmissionsystemandlaser
radar(LIDAR)shallhavepositivestopsontheazimuthandelevationtraversetoassure
thatthebeamcannotinterceptoccupiedareasornon-targetaircraft.
e.Beamshutters,beampolarizers,andbeamfiltersshallalwaysbeusedtolimituseto
authorizedpersonnelonly.Theflashlampsinopticalpumpsystemsshallbeshieldedto
eliminateanydirectviewing.
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454CMR:DIVISIONOFOCCUPATIONALSAFETY
10.09:continued
f. Backstopsshallbediffuselyreflecting-fireresistanttargetsuchasfirebrick,asbestos
orearthen,wherefeasible.Safetyenclosuresshallbeusedaroundmicroweldingand
microdrillingworkpiecestocontainhazardousreflectionsfromtheworkarea.
10.10:Gases,Vapors,Fumes,Dusts,andMists
(1) Exposureofemployeestoinhalation,ingestion,skinabsorption,orcontactwithanymaterialor
substanceataconcentrationabove thosespecified in the "ThresholdLimitValuesofAirborne
Contaminants"for 1988-89oftheAmericanConferenceofGovernmentalIndustrialHygienists,shall
beavoided.
(2) Toachievecompliancewith454CMR10.10(1)administrativeorengineeringcontrolsmustfirst
beimplementedwheneverfeasible.Whensuchcontrolsarenotfeasibletoachievefullcompliance,
protectiveequipmentorotherprotectivemeasuresshallbeusedtokeeptheexposuresofemployees
toaircontaminantswithinthelimitsprescribed in454CMR10.10.Anyequipmentand technical
measuresusedforthispurposemustfirstbeapprovedforeachparticularusebyacompetentindustrial
hygienistorothertechnicallyqualifiedperson.Wheneverrespiratorsareused,theiruseshallcomply
with454CMR10.24-1.
10.11:Illumination
(1)General. Construction areas,ramps,runways,corridors,offices,shops,andstorageareasshall
belightedtonotlessthantheminimumilluminationintensitieslistedinTable10.11-1whileanywork
isinprogress:
TABLE10.11-1-MINIMUMILLUMINATION
INTENSITIESINFOOT-CANDLES
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Foot-candles Areaofoperation
5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Generalconstructionarealighting.
3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Generalconstructionareas,concreteplacement,excavationandwasteareas,accessways,activestorage
areas,loadingplatforms,refueling,andfieldmaintenance
areas.
5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Indoors:warehouses,corridors,hallways,and
exitways.
5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Tunnels,shafts, and generalundergroundworkareas:
(Exception:minimum of tenfoot-candles is required at
tunnel and shaft heading during drilling, mucking, andscaling. BureauofMinesapprovedcap lightsshall be
acceptableforuseinthetunnelheading.)
10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Generalconstructionplantandshops(e.g.,batchplants,
screening plants, mechanical and electrical equipment
rooms, carpenter shops, rigging lofts and active
storerooms,barracksorlivingquarters,lockerordressing
rooms,messhalls,andindoortoiletsandworkrooms).
30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Firstaidstations,infirmaries,andoffices.
(2) Otherareas. Forareasoroperationsnotcoveredabove, referto theAmericanNational
StandardA11.1-1979, RP-7 1983, Practice forIndustrialLighting, forrecommendedvaluesof
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454CMR:DIVISIONOFOCCUPATIONALSAFETY
illumination.
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10.12:Ventilation
(1)General. Wheneverhazardoussubstancessuchasdust,fumes,mists,vapors,orgasesexistor
areproduced inthe courseofconstructionwork, theirconcentrationsshall notexceed the limits
specifiedin454CMR10.10(1).Whenventilationisusedasanengineeringcontrolmethod,thesystemshallbeinstalledandoperatedaccordingtotherequirementsof454CMR10.12.
(2) LocalExhaustVentilation. Localexhaustventilationwhenusedasdescribedin454CMR
10.10(2) shallbedesignedtopreventdispersionintotheairofdusts,fumes,mists,vapors,andgases
inconcentrationscausingharmfulexposure.Suchexhaustsystemsshallbesodesignedthatdusts,
fumes,mists,vapors,orgasesarenotdrawnthroughtheworkareaofemployees.
(3) Design and Operation. Exhaust fans, jets, ducts, hoods, separators, and all necessary
appurtenances,includingrefusereceptacles,shallbesodesigned,constructed,maintainedandoperated
astoensuretherequiredprotectionbymaintainingavolumeandvelocityofexhaustairsufficientto
gather dusts,fumes,vapors,orgasesfromsaidequipmentorprocess,andtoconvey themtosuitable
pointsofsafedisposal,therebypreventingtheirdispersioninharmfulquantitiesintotheatmosphere
whereemployeeswork.
(4)DurationofOperations. Theexhaustsystemshallbe in operationcontinuallyduringalloperations
whichitisdesignedtoserve.Iftheemployeeremains in thecontaminatedzone,thesystemshall
continuetooperateafterthecessationofsaidoperations,thelengthoftime to depend uponthe
individualcircumstancesandeffectivenessofthegeneralventilationsystem.
Sincedustcapableofcausingdisabilityis,accordingtothebestmedicalopinion,ofmicroscopic
size, tendingtoremainforhoursinsuspensioninstillair, itisessentialthattheexhaustsystembe
continuedinoperationforatimeaftertheworkprocessorequipmentservedbythesameshallhave
ceased,inordertoensuretheremovaloftheharmfulelementstotherequiredextent.Forthesame
reason,employeeswearing respiratory equipment should notremovesame immediatelyuntil the
atmosphereseemsclear.
(5)DisposalofExhaustMaterials. Theairoutletfromeverydustseparator,andthedusts,fumes,
mists,vapors,orgasescollectedbyanexhaustorventilating systemshalldischargetotheoutside
atmosphere. Collectingsystemswhichreturnairtoworkareamaybeusedifconcentrationswhich
accumulateintheworkareaairdonot resultinharmfulexposuretoemployees.Dustandrefuse
dischargefrom an exhaustsystem shallbedisposedofinsuchamannerthatitwillnotresultin harmful
exposuretoemployees.
PART3:PERSONALPROTECTIVEANDLIFESAVINGEQUIPMENT
10.19:DefinitionsApplicableto454CMR10.20through10.27
Contaminant.Anymaterialwhichbyreasonofitsactionupon,within,ortoapersonislikelytocause
physicalharm.
Lanyard.Arope,suitableforsupportingoneperson. Oneendisfastenedtoasafetyharnessandthe
otherendissecuredtoasubstantialobjectorasafetyline.
Lifeline. Arope,suitableforsupportingoneperson,towhichalanyardor safetyharness is attached.
O.D.Opticaldensityandreferstothelightrefractivecharacteristicsofalens.
RadiantEnergy.Energythattravelsoutwardinalldirectionsfromitssources.
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454CMR:DIVISIONOFOCCUPATIONALSAFETY
10.19:continued
Safety Harness.Adesignofsimpleorcompoundstrapsthatmaybesecuredaboutthewearerin such
amannerastodistributethestoppingforcesoverthethighs,buttock,chest,andshoulders,orany
combinationthereof,andwithprovisionforattachingalanyardinthebackbetweenchestandshoulderlevel.
LifeNet. Atypeofprotectiveequipmentforusewhenunusualworkconditionsprevail.
10.20:PersonalProtectiveApparel
(1) Boots. Thedirectemployershallprovidetoeveryemployeerequiredtowork inwater,wet
concreteorotherwetfooting,waterproofbootswithsafetyinsoles.
(2) WaterproofClothing. Thedirectemployershallprovidetoeveryemployeerequiredtoworkin
rainorotherwettingconditionsawaterproofcoatandhat.
(3) CorrosiveandDangerousSubstances. Thedirectemployershallprovidetoeveryemployee
requiredtouseorhandleanydangerousorcorrosivesubstancesappropriateprotectiveapparel.
(4)Maintenance. Allpersonalequipmentshallbekeptcleanandingoodrepair. Beforebeing
transferredfromoneemployeetoanother,hats,bootliners,goggles,glassesandweldersshieldsshall
bemadecleanandsanitary.
10.21:HeadProtection
(1)Employeesworkinginareaswhere there is a possible danger of headinjuryfromimpact,orfrom
fallingorflyingobjects,orfromelectricalshockandburns,shallbeprotectedbyprotectivehelmets.
(2)Helmetsfortheprotectionofemployeesagainstimpactandpenetrationoffallingandflyingobjects
shallmeetthespecificationscontainedinAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute,Z89.1-1981,Safety
RequirementsforIndustrialHeadProtection.
(3) Helmetsfortheheadprotectionofemployeesexposedtohighvoltageelectrical shock and burns
shallmeetthespecificationscontainedinAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute,Z89.2-1971.
(4)Suchhatsshallbeprovidedby the direc t employersfortheemployeesandbythegeneral
contractorforotherpersons.
10.22:HearingProtection
(1)Whereveritisnotfeasibletoreducethenoiselevelsordurationofexposurestothosespecified
inTable10.7-1,PermissibleNoiseExposures,inhearingprotectivedevicesshallbeprovidedand
used.
(2)Earprotectivedevicesinsertedintheearshallbefittedordeterminedindividuallybycompetentpersons.
(3)Plaincottonisnotanacceptableprotectivedevice.
10.23:EyeandFaceProtection
(1) General. Employeesshallbeprovidedwitheyeandfaceprotectionequipmentwhenmachines
oroperationspresentpotentialeyeorfaceinjuryfromphysical,chemical,orradiationagents.
(a)Eyeandface protection equipment requiredbythisPartshallmeettherequirementsspecified
inAmericanNationalStandardsInstitute,Z87.1-1979,PracticeforOccupationalandEducationalEyeandFaceProtection.
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10.23:continued
(b)Employeeswhose vision requires the useofcorrectivelensesinspectacles,whenrequiredby
454CMR10.23toweareyeprotection,shallbeprotectedbygogglesorspectaclesofoneof
thefollowingtypes:1. Spectacleswhoseprotectivelensesprovideopticalcorrection;
2. Gogglesthancanbewornovercorrectivespectacles withoutdisturbingthe adjustmentof
thespectacles;
3.Gogglesthatincorporatecorrectivelensesmountedbehindtheprotectivelenses.
(c) Faceandeyeprotectionequipmentshallbekeptcleanandingoodrepair.Theuseofthis
typeequipmentwithstructuraloropticaldefectsshallbeprohibited.
(d) Table10.23-1 shallbeusedasaguideintheselectionoffaceandeyeprotectionforthe
hazardsandoperationsnoted.
TABLE10.23-1
EYEANDFACEPROTECTORSSELECTIONGUIDE
1. GOGGLES,FlexibleFittingRegularVentilation
2. GOGGLES,FlexibleFitting,HoodedVentilation
3. GOGGLES,CushionedFitting,RigidBody
*4. SPECTACLES,MetalFrame,withSideshields
*5. SPECTACLES,PlasticFrame,withSideshields
*6. SPECTACLES,Metal-PlasticFrame,withSideshields **7. WELDINGGOGGLES,EyecupType,TintedLenses(illustrated)
7A. CHIPPINGGOGGLES,EyecupType,ClearSafetyLenses(NotIllustrated)
**8. WELDINGGOGGLES,CoverspecTypeTintedLenses(Illustrated)
8A. CHIPPINGGOGGLES,CoverspecType,ClearSafetyLenses(NotIllustrated)
**9.WELDINGGOGGLES,CoverspecType,TintedPlateLens
10.FACESHIELD(AvailablewithPlasticorMeshWindow)
**11.WELDINGHELMETS
*Non-sideshieldspectaclesareavailableforlimitedhazarduserequiringonlyfrontalprotection.
**SeeTable10-23-2,of454CMR10.23,FilterLensShadeNumbers for ProtectionAgainstRadiant
Energy.
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10.23:continued
TABLE10-23-2
APPLICATIONS
Operation Hazards
Recommendedprotectors:
Boldtypenumberssignify
signifypreferredprotection
Acetylene-Burning,Acety
lene-Cutting,Acetylene-
Sparks,harmful
rays,moltenmetal,
flyingparticles.
7,8,9.
ChemicalHandling Splash,acidburns,
fumes.
2,10(Forsevere
exposureadd10over2).
Chipping Flyingparticles 1,3,4,5,6,7A,8A.
Electric(arc)welding Sparks,intense
rays,molten
metal.
9,11,(11incombination
with4,5,6,intinted
lenses,advisable).
Furnaceoperations Glare,heat,molten 7,8,9(Forsevereex-
exposureadd10).
Grinding-Light Flyingparticles 1,3,4,5,6,10.
Grinding-Heavy
Grinding-Heavy
Flyingparticles
Flyingparticles
1,3,7A,8A(Forsevere
exposureadd10).
1,3,7A,8A(Forsevere
exposureadd10).
Laboratory Chemicalsplash,
glassbreakage
2(10whenincombina
tionwith4,5,6).
Machining Flyingparticles 1,3,4,5,6,10.
Moltenmetals Heat,glare,sparks,
splash
7,8,(10incombination
with4,5,6,intinted
lenses).
Spotwelding Flyingparticles, 1,3,4,5,6,10.
(2) ProtectionAgainstRadiantEnergy. SelectionofShadeNumbersfor WeldingFilter.Table
10-23-3shallbeusedasaguidefortheselectionofthepropershadenumbersof filterlensesorplates
usedinwelding.Shadesmoredensethanthoselistedmaybeusedtosuitetheindividual'sneeds.
TABLE10-23-3
FILTERLENSSHADENUMBERS
FORPROTECTIONAGAINSTRADIANTENERGY
WeldingOperation
Shieldedmetal-arcwelding1/16-,3/32-,1/8-,5/32-inch
Shade
Number
diameterelectrodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Gas-shieldedarcwelding(nonferrous)1/16-,3/32-,1/8-,
5/32-inchdiameterelectrodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Gas-shieldedarcwelding(ferrous)1/16-,3/32-,1/8-,
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5/32-inchdiameterelectrodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
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10.23: continued
TABLE10-23-3(continued)
FILTERLENSSHADENUMBERS FORPROTECTIONAGAINSTRADIANTENERGY
WeldingOperation Shade
Number
Shieldedmetal-arcwelding3/16-,7/32-,-inch
diameterelectrodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5/16-,d-inchdiameterelectrodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Atomichydrogenwelding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10-14
Carbon-arcwelding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Soldering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
Torchbrazing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3or4
Lightcutting,upto1inch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3or4
Mediumcutting,1inchto6inches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4or5
Heavycutting,over6inches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5or6
Gaswelding(light),uptoc-inch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4or5
Gaswelding(medium),c-inchto-inch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5or6
Gaswelding(heavy),over-inch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6or8
(a) Laser Protection. Employeeswhoseoccupationorassignmentrequiresexposuretolaser
beams shall befurnishedsuitablelasersafetygoggleswhichwillprotectforthespecificwavelength
ofthelaserandbeofopticaldensity(O.D.)adequatefortheenergyinvolved. Table 10-23-4lists
themaximumpowerorenergydensityforwhichadequateprotectionisaffordedbyglassesof
opticaldensitiesfromfivethrougheight.
TABLE10-23-4
SELECTINGLASERSAFETYGLASS
S)))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))
)))))))Q
Intensity,CW
maximumpowerdensity(watts/
cm )2
Attenuation
Opticaldensity
(O.D.) Attenuationfactor
10 2
10 1
1.0
10.0
5
6
7
8
105
106
107
108
Outputlevelsfallingbetweenlinesinthistableshallrequirethehigheropticaldensity.Allprotectivegogglesshallbearalabelidentifyingthefollowingdata:
1. Thelaserwavelengthsforwhichuseisintended;
2.Theopticaldensityofthosewavelengths;
3. Thevisiblelighttransmission.
10.24: RespiratoryProtection
(1) General. Inemergencies,orwhencontrolsrequiredbyPart2eitherfailorareinadequateto
prevent harmfulexposuretoemployees,appropriaterespiratoryprotectivedevicesshallbeprovided
bytheemployerandshallbeused.Respiratoryprotectivedevicesshallbeapprovedby the U.S. BureauofMinesoracceptableto
theDepartmentofLaborforthespecificcontaminanttowhichtheemployeeisexposed.
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10.24:continued
(2) RespiratorSelection. Thechemicalandphysicalpropertiesofthecontaminant,aswellasthe
toxicity andconcentrationof the hazardousmaterial, shall be considered inselectingthe proper
respirators.
(a) Thenatureandextentofthehazard,workrequirements, and conditions,aswellasthelimitationsandcharacteristicsoftheavailablerespirators,shallalsobefactorsconsideredinmaking
theproperselection.
(b) The followingtable lists the typesof respiratorsrequiredforprotection indangerous
atmospheres:
TABLE10.24-1
SELECTIONOFRESPIRATORS
Hazard Respirator(SeeNote)
Oxygendeficiency Self-conta ined breathing apparatus. Hose maskwithblower.Combinationair-linerespiratorwithauxiliaryself-containedairsupplyor
anair-storagereceiverwithalarm.
Gas and vapor contaminants Self-containedbreathing apparatus. Hosemaskwithblower. Air-
immediately dangerous to life and purifying,fullfacepiecerespiratorwithcanister(gasmask).Self-rescue
health mouthpiecerespirator(forescapeonly).Combinationair-linerespirator
withauxiliaryself-containedairsupplyoranair-storagereceiverwith
alarm.
Not immediatelydangerous to life Air-linerespirator.Hosemaskwithoutblower.Air-purifying,half-mask
andhealth. ormouth-piecerespiratorwithchemicalcartridge
Part icula t e c on ta mina nt s Self-contained breathing apparatus. Hose mask with blower.
immediately dangerous to life and Air-purifying,fullfacepiecerespiratorwithappropriatefilter.Self-rescue
health. mouthpiecerespirator(forescapeonly).Combinationair-linerespirator
withauxiliaryself-containedairsupplyoranair-storagereceiverwith
alarm.
Not immediatelydangerous to life Air-purifying, half-mask or mouthpiece respirator with filter pad or
andhealth cartridge. Air-linerespirator. Air-lineabrasiveblastingashosemask
withoutblower.
Combination gas, vapor, and Self-contained breathing apparatus. Hosemaskwithblower. Air-
p a r t ic u la te co nta minan t s purifying,fullfacepiecerespiratorwithchemicalcanisterandappropriate
immediately dangerous to life and filter (gas mask with filter). Self-rescue mouthpiece respirator (for
health. escape only). Combination air-line respirator with auxiliary
self-containedairsupplyoranair-storagereceiverwithalarm.
Notimmediatelydangerousto Air-linerespirator. Hosemaskwithoutblower.Air-purifying,half-mask
lifeandhealth. ormouth-piecerespiratorwithchemicalcartridgeandappropriatefilter
NOTE:Forthepurposeofthispart,"immediatelydangeroustolifeandhealth"is definedasaconditionthateither
posesanimmediatethreattolifeandhealthoranimmediatethreatofsevereexposuretocontaminants,suchas
radioactivematerials,whicharelikelytohaveadversedelayedeffectsonhealth.
(3) Selection, Issuance,UseandCareofRespirators. Employees required touserespiratory
protectiveequipmentapprovedforuseinatmospheresimmediatelydangeroustolifeshallbethoroughly
trainedinitsuse.Employeesrequiredtouseothertypesofrespiratoryprotectiveequipmentshallbe
instructedintheuseandlimitationsofsuchequipment.
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10.24:continued
(a) Respiratory protective equipment shall be inspected regularly and maintained ingood
condition.Gasmaskcanistersandchemicalcartridgesshallbereplacedasnecessarysoasto
providecompleteprotection.Mechanicalfiltersshallbecleanedorreplacedasnecessarysoastoavoidundueresistancetobreathing.
(b) Respiratory protectiveequipment whichhasbeenpreviouslyusedshall be cleanedand
disinfectedbeforeitisissuedbytheemployertoanotheremployee. Emergencyrescueequipment
shallbecleanedanddisinfectedimmediatelyaftereachuse.
(c)Writtenstandardoperating procedures governing the selection anduseofrespiratorsshallbe
established.
(d)Wherepracticable,therespiratorsshouldbeassignedtoindividualworkersfortheirexclusive
use.
(e)Respiratorsshallbestoredinaconvenient,clean,andsanitarylocation.
(f)Respiratorsusedroutinelyshallbeinspectedduringcleaning.Wornordeterioratedpartsshall
bereplaced. Respiratorsforemergencyusesuchasself-containeddevicesshallbethoroughly
inspectedatleastonceamonthandaftereachuse.
(g) Persons shouldnotbeassigned totasks requiringuseof respiratorsunlessithasbeen
determinedthattheyarephysicallyabletoperformtheworkandusetheequipment. Thelocal
physicianshalldeterminewhathealthandphysicalconditionsarepertinent.Therespiratoruser's
medicalstatusshouldbereviewedperiodically(forinstance,annually).
(h)Forsafeuseofanyrespirator,itisessentialthattheuserbeproperly instructedin its selection,
use,andmaintenance.Bothsupervisorsandworkersshallbesoinstructedbycompetentpersons.
Trainingshallprovidethemenanopportunitytohandletherespirator,haveitfittedproperly,test
itsfacepiece-to-faceseal,wearitinnormalairforalongfamiliarityperiod,andfinally,towearit
inatestatmosphere.
(i)Everyrespirator wearer shallreceivefitting instructionsincludingdemonstrationsandpractice
inhowtherespiratorshouldbeworn,howtoadjustit,andhowtodetermineifitfitsproperly.
Respiratorsshallnotbewornwhenconditionspreventa goodface seal.Suchconditions maybe
agrowthofbeard,sideburns,askullcapthatprojectsunderthefacepiece,ortemplepieceson
glasses.Also,theabsenceofoneorbothdentures can seriouslyaffect the fit ofa facepiece.The
worker'sdiligenceinobservingthesefactorsshallbeevaluatedbyperiodiccheck.Toassure
properprotection,thefacepiecefitshallbecheckedbythewearereachtime he puts on the
respirator.Thismaybedonebyfollowingthemanufacturer'sfacepiecefittinginstructions.
(4) AirQuality. Compressed air, compressedoxygen, liquid air,and liquidoxygen usedforrespiration shall be of high purity. Oxygen shall meet the requirements of the United States
Pharmacopoeiaformedicalorbreathingoxygen.Breathingair shallmeetatleasttherequirementsof
thespecificationforGradeDbreathingairasdescribedinCompressedGasAssociationCommodity
SpecificationG-7.1-1966.Compressedoxygenshallnotbeusedinsupplied-airrespiratorsorin
opencircuitself-containedbreathingapparatusthathavepreviouslyusedcompressedair.Oxygen
mustneverbeusedwithairlinerespirators.
(a)Breathingairmaybesuppliedtorespiratorsfromcylindersoraircompressors.
1. Cylinders shall be tested and maintained as prescribed in the Shipping Container
SpecificationRegulationsoftheDepartmentofTransportation(49CFRPart178).
2. Thecompressorforsupplyingairshallbeequippedwithnecessarysafetyandstandbydevices.Abreathingair-typecompressorshallbeused.Compressorsshallbeconstructed
andsituatedsoastoavoidentryofcontaminatedairintothesystemandsuitablein-lineair
purifyingsorbent beds andfiltersinstalledtofurtherassurebreathingairquality. A receiver of
sufficientcapacitytoenabletherespiratorwearertoescape froma contaminated atmosphere
in eventofcompressorfailure,andalarmstoindicatecompressor failureandoverheating shall
be installed in the system. If an oil- lubricated compressor is used, it shall have a
high-temperatureor carbonmonoxidealarm,orboth.Ifonlyahigh-temperaturealarmisused,
theairfromthecompressorshallbefrequentlytestedforcarbonmonoxidetoinsurethatit
meetsthespecificationsin454CMR10.24(4).
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10.24:continued
(b) Air line couplings shallbe incompatiblewithoutlets forothergassystems toprevent
inadvertentservicingofairlinerespiratorswithnonrespirablegasesoroxygen.
(c) BreathinggascontainersshallbemarkedinaccordancewithAmericanNationalStandardMethodofMarkingPortableCompressedGasContainersto IdentifytheMaterialContained,
Z48.1-1954;FederalSpecificationBB-A-1034a,June21,1968,Air,CompressedforBreathing
Purposes;orInterimFederalSpecificationGG-B-00675b,April27, 1965,BreathingApparatus,
Self-Contained.
10.25:SafetyHarnessLifelines,andLanyards
(1)Lifelines,safetyharnessandlanyardsshallbeusedonlyforemployeesafeguarding.Anylifeline,
safetyharnessorlanyardactuallysubjectedtoinservice loading,asdistinguishedfromstaticload
testing, shall be immediately removed from service and shall not be used again for employee
safeguarding.
(2) Lifelinesshallbesecuredabovethepointofoperationtoananchorageorstructuralmember
capableofsupportingaminimumdeadweightof5,400pounds.
Padding,wrappingorsimilarmeansshallbeprovidedtoprotecteverylifelinefromcontactwith
edgesorobjectswhichmaycutorseverelyabradeit.
(3) Lifelinesusedonrock-scalingoperations,orinareaswherethelifelinemaybesubjectedtocutting
orabrasion,shallbeaminimumoff-inchwirecoremanilarope.Forallotherlifelineapplications,
aminimumof-inchmanilaorequivalent,withaminimumbreakingstrengthof5,400pounds,shall
beused.
(4) Safetyharness lanyard shallbeaminimumof-inchnylon,orequivalent,witha maximumlength
toprovideforafallofnogreaterthansixfeet.Theropeshallhaveanominalbreakingstrengthof
5,400pounds.
(5) Allsafetyharnessandlanyardhardwareshallbedropforgedorpressedsteel,cadmiumplated
inaccordancewithtype,1,ClassBplatingspecifiedinFederalSpecificationQQ-P-416.Surface shall
besmoothandfreeofsharpedges.
(6)Allsafetyharnessandlanyardhardware,exceptrivets,shallbecapableofwithstandingatensileloadingof4,000poundswithoutcracking,breaking,ortakingapermanentdeformation.
(7) RequiredUse.Alifelineandsafetyharnessorlifenet,asappropriate,shallbeprovidedfor and
usedbyworkmenengagedinthefollowingoperations:
(a)Securingorshiftingthrustouts.
(b)Inspectionorworkingonoverheadmachines,supportingscaffoldsorotherhighriggings.
(c)Steeplypitchedroofs.
(d)Employeesexposedtothehazard offallingmorethan25'aboveland,ortemporaryor
permanentfloor.
(e) Employeesexposedtothehazardoffallingmorethan50'abovewater.(f)Workinginconfinedspace.
(g) Asdirectedbyhisemployerorhisemployer'sauthorizedagent.
10.26:SafetyNets
(1)Safetynetsshallbeprovidedwhenworkplacesaremorethan25'abovethegroundorwater
surface,orothersurfaceswheretheuseofladders,scaffolds,catchplatforms,temporaryfloors,safety
lines,orsafetyharnessisimpractical.
(2)Wheresafetynetprotectionisrequiredbythispart,operationsshallnotbeundertakenuntilthenetisinplaceandhasbeentested.
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10.26:continued
(3) Nets shallextendeightfeetbeyondtheedgeoftheworksurfacewhereemployeesareexposed
andshallbeinstalledascloseundertheworksurfaceaspracticalbutinnocase more than25'below
suchworksurface. Nets shallbehungwithsufficientclearancetopreventuser'scontactwiththesurfacesorstructuresbelow. Suchclearancesshall bedetermined by impactload testing. Itis
intendedthatonlyonelevelofnetsberequiredforbridgeconstruction.
(4)Themeshsizeofnetsshallnotexceed6"x6".Allnewnetsshallmeetacceptedperformance
standards of17,500 foot-poundsminimum impact resistance asdeterminedandcertified bythe
manufacturers,andshallbearalabelofprooftests.Edgeropesshallprovideaminimumbreaking
strengthof5,000pounds.
(5)Forgedsteelsafetyhooksorshacklesshallbeusedtofastenthenettoitssupports.
(6) Connectionsbetweennetpanelsshalldevelopthefullstrengthofthenet.
(7)Eachlifenetshallbe inspectedbyadesignatedpersonbeforeeachinstallationandperiodically
thereafterwhileinuse.Nolifenetwhichshowsmildew,wear,damageordeteriorationmaterially
affectingthestrengthofanyportionshallbeinstalled.Defectivenetsshallberemovedfromthejobsite.
10.27:WorkingOverorNearWater
(1)Employeesworkingoverornearwater,wherethedangerofdrowningexists,shallbeprovided
withU.S.CoastGuard-approvedlifejacketorbuoyantworkvests.
(2) Priortoandaftereachuse,thebuoyantworkvestsorlifepreserversshallbeinspectedfordefects
whichwouldaltertheirstrengthorbuoyancy.Defectiveunitsshallnotbeused.
(3)Ringbuoyswithatleast90'oflineshallbeprovidedandreadilyavailableforemergencyrescue
operations.Distancebetweenringbuoysshallnotexceed200'.
(4)LifePreservers. Lifepreserversorbuoyantworkvestsofanapprovedtypeshallbeprovided
andusedbyallworkmenwhenthefollowingconditionsexist:
(a)Whenonstructuresorbuildingsextendingovertheadjoiningwaterofsufficientdepthtobe
adrowninghazard;exceptwhereproperbarriers,safetyharness,lifelinesorlifenetsareprovidedandused.
(b)Whenworkingaloneat night wheretherearepotentialdrowninghazardsregardlessofother
safeguardsprovided.
(5)RequiredBuoyancy. Lifepreserversandbuoyantworkvestsshallberemovedfromservicewhen
thebuoyancyratingdropsbelowtheapprovedlevel.
(6) LifeSavingBoats. Oneormorelifesavingboatsshallbeprovidedduringworkinghoursat
locationswheremenwillworkoveroradjacenttowatersthatexposethemtodrowninghazards.
(a)Lifesavingboatsshallbekeptafloatorreadyforinstantlaunching.(b)Lifesavingboatsshallbeusedonlyforemergenciesandlifesavingdrills.
(c)Lifesavingboatsshallbeequippedasfollows:
1.FourOars.
2.Oarlockssecurelyattachedtogunwalesortheoars.
3. Oneball-pointedboathook.
4. One30"approvedringbuoywith50'ofd"ropeattached.
5. Onelifepreserverperperson.
(d) Inlocationswherethewatersareextremelyroughorswiftorwheremanuallyoperatedboats
are notpracticalapowerboatsuitableforthewatersinvolvedshallbeprovidedandequippedwith
equipmentnotedin454CMR10.27(6)(c)3.through5..
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10.27:continued
PART4:FIREPROTECTIONANDPREVENTION
10.34:DefinitionsApplicableto454CMR10.35Through10.39
Approved. Forthepurposeof454CMR10.34 through10.39,equipmentthathasbeenlistedor
approvedbyanationally recognizedtestinglaboratory suchasFactoryMutualEngineeringCorp.,or
Underwriters'Laboratories,Inc.,orFederalagenciessuchasBureauofMines,orU.S.CoastGuard,
whichissueapprovalsforsuchequipment.
Closedcontainer.Acontainersosealedbymeansofalidorotherdevice that neither liquidnor vapor
willescapefromitatordinarytemperatures.
Combustibleliquids.Anyliquidhavingaflashpointatorabove140F(60C),andbelow200F
(93.4C).
Combustion.Anychemicalprocessthatinvolvesoxidationsufficienttoproducelightorheat.
Firebrigade. Anorganizedgroupofemployeesthatareknowledgeable,trained,andskilledinthesafe
evacuationofemployeesduringemergencysituationsandinassistinginfirefightingoperations.
Fireresistance. Soresistanttofirethat,forspecifiedtimeandunderconditionsofastandardheat
intensity,itwillnotfailstructurallyandwillnotpermitthesideaway from thefiretobecomehotterthan
aspecifiedtemperature.Forpurposesof454CMR10.34 through10.39,fireresistanceshallbe
determinedbytheStandardMethodsofFireTestsofBuildingConstructionandMaterials,NFPA
251-1969.
Flammable. Capable of beingeasilyignited,burningintensely,orhavingarapidrateofflamespread.
Flammableliquids. Anyliquidhavingaflashpointbelow140F.andhavingavaporpressurenot
exceed40poundspersquareinch(absolute)at100F.
Flashpointoftheliquid. Thetemperatureatwhichitgivesoffvaporsufficienttoformanignitable
mixturewiththeairnearthesurfaceoftheliquidorwithinthevesselusedasdeterminedbyappropriate
testprocedureandapparatusasspecifiedbelow.(a)Theflashpointofliquidshavingaviscositylessthan45SayboltUniversalSecond(s) at100F.
(37.8C.)andaflashpointbelow175F.(79.4C.)shallbedeterminedinaccordancewiththe
StandardMethodofTestforFlashPointbytheTagClosedTester,ASTMD-56-69.
(b) Theflashpointofliquidshavingaviscosityof45SayboltUniversalSecond(s)ormoreat
175F.(79.4C.)orhighershallbedeterminedinaccordancewiththeStandardMethodofTest
forFlashPointbythePenskyMartensClosedTester,ASTMD-93-69.
Liquefiedpetroleumgases,LPGandLPGas.Include any materialwhich iscomposedpredominantly
ofanyofthefollowinghydrocarbons,ormixturesofthem,suchaspropane,propylene,butane(normal
butaneoriso-butane),andbutylenes.
Portabletank.Aclosedcontainerhavingaliquidcapacitymorethan60 U.S.gallons,andnotintended
forfixedinstallation.
Safety can. An approved closed container, of not more than five gallons capacity, having a
flash-arrestingscreen,spring-closedlidandspout coverandsodesignedthatitwillsafelyrelieve
internalpressurewhensubjectedtofireexposure.
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10.34:continued
Vaporpressure.Thepressure,measuredinpoundspersquareinch(absolute),exertedbyavolatile
liquidas determinedbythe"StandardMethodofTestforVaporPressureofPetroleumProducts(Reid
Method)."(ASTMD-323-58).
10.35:FireProtection
(1)GeneralRequirements. Theemployershallberesponsibleforthedevelopmentofafireprotection
programtobefollowedthroughoutallphasesoftheconstructionanddemolitionwork,andheshall
provideforthefirefightingequipmentasspecifiedin454CMR10.34through10.39. Asfirehazards
occur,thereshallbenodelayinprovidingthenecessaryequipment.
(a)Accesstoallavailablefirefightingequipmentshallbemaintainedatalltimes.
(b)Allfirefightingequipment,providedbytheemployer,shallbeconspicuouslylocated.
(c)Allfirefightingequipmentshallbeperiodicallyinspectedandmaintainedinoperatingcondition.
Defectiveequipmentshallbeimmediatelyreplaced.
(d) Aswarrantedbytheproject,theemployershallprovideatrainedandequippedfirefighting
organization(FireBrigade)toassureadequateprotectiontolife.
(2) WaterSupply. Atemporaryorpermanentwatersupply,ofsufficientvolume,duration,and
pressure,requiredtoproperlyoperatethefire-fightingequipmentshallbemadeavailableassoonas
combustiblematerialsaccumulate.
Whereundergroundwatermainsaretobeprovided,theyshallbeinstalled,completed,andmade
availableforuseassoonaspracticable.
(3) PortableFirefightingEquipment.
(a) FireExtinguishersandSmallHoseLines. Afireextinguisher,ratednotless than2A,shallbe
providedforeach3,000squarefeetoftheprotectedbuildingarea,ormajorfractionthereof.
Traveldistancefromanypointoftheprotectedareatothenearestfireextinguishershallnotexceed
100'.
1. One55-gallonopendrumofwaterwith two firepailsmaybe substitutedfora fire
extinguisherhavinga2Arating.
2. A-inchdiametergarden-typehoseline,nottoexceed100'inlengthandequippedwith
anozzle,maybe substitutedfora2A-rated fireextinguisher, providing it iscapableof
dischargingaminimumoffivegallonsperminutewithaminimumhosestreamrangeof30'
horizontally.Thegarden-typehoselines shall be mounted onconventionalracksorreels.Thenumberandlocationofhoseracksorreelsshallbesuchthatatleastonehosestreamcanbe
appliedtoallpointsinthearea.
3. Oneormorefireextinguishers,ratednotlessthan2A,shallbeprovidedoneachfloor.
Inmultistorybuildings,atleastonefireextinguishershallbelocatedadjacenttostairway.
4.Extinguishersandwaterdrums,subjecttofreezing,shallbeprotectedfromfreezing.
5. A fireextinguisher, rated notlessthan10B,shallbeprovidedwithin50'ofwherevermore
thanfivegallonsofflammableorcombustibleliquidsorfivepoundsofflammablegasarebeing
usedonthejobsite.454CMR10.35 does notapplytotheintegralfueltanksofmotor
vehicles.
6. Carbontetrachlorideandothertoxicvaporizingliquidfireextinguishersareprohibited.7. Portablefireextinguishersshallbe inspectedperiodicallyandmaintainedinaccordance
withMaintenanceandUseofPortableFireExtinguishers,NFPANo.10-1984.
8.Fireextinguisherswhichhavebeenlistedorapprovedbyanationallyrecognizedtesting
laboratory,shallbeusedtomeettherequirementsof454CMR10.34through10.39.
9. TableTable10.35-1maybeusedasaguideforselectingtheappropriateportablefire
extinguishers.
http:///reader/full/CMR10.34http:///reader/full/through10.39http:///reader/full/CMR10.34http:///reader/full/through10.39 -
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10.35:continued
TABLE10.35-1
FIREEXTINGUISHERSDATA
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10.35:continued
(b) FireHoseandConnections. 100feet, orless,of 1inchhose,with anozzlecapableof
dischargingwaterat25gallonsor more per minute,may be substitutedforafireextinguisherratednot
morethan2Ainthedesignatedareaprovidedthatthehoselinecanreachallpointsinthearea.1. If fire hoseconnectionsarenotcompatiblewithlocalfirefightingequipment,thecontractor
shallprovideadapters,orequivalent,topermitconnections.
2. Duringdemolition involving combustible materials, charged hose lines, supplied by
hydrants,watertanktruckswithpumps,orequivalent,shallbemadeavailable.
(4)FixedFirefightingEquipment. SprinklerProtection.
(a) Ifthefacilitybeingconstructedincludestheinstallationofautomaticsprinklerprotection,the
installationshallcloselyfollowtheconstructionandbeplacedinserviceassoonasapplicablelaws
permitfollowingcompletionofeachstory.
Duringdemolitionoralterations,existingautomaticsprinklerinstallationsshallberetainedin
service as long as reasonable.Theoperationofsprinklercontrolvalvesshallbepermittedonly by
properlyauthorizedpersons.Modificationofsprinklersystemstopermitalterationsoradditional
demolitionshouldbeexpeditedsothattheautomaticprotectionmaybereturnedtoserviceas
quicklyaspossible.Sprinklercontrolvalvesshallbecheckeddailyatcloseofworktoascertain
thattheprotectionisinservice.
(b) Standpipes.Inallstructuresinwhichstandpipesarerequired,orwherestandpipesexistin
structuresbeingaltered,theyshallbebroughtupassoonasapplicablelawspermit,andshallbe
maintained asconstructionprogresses insuch amannerthat they arealways ready for fire
protectionuse.ThestandpipesshallbeprovidedwithSiamese firedepartmentconnectionsonthe
outsideofthestructure,atthestreetlevel,whichshallbeconspicuouslymarked.Thereshallbe
atleastonestandardhoseoutletateachfloor.
(5) FireAlarmDevices.Analarmsystem,e.g.,telephonesystem,siren,etc.,shallbe establishedby
theemployerwherebyemployeesonthesiteandthe localfire departmentcanbealertedforan
emergency.
Thealarmcodeandreportinginstructionsshallbeconspicuouslypostedatphonesandatemployee
entrances.
(6)FireCutoffs. Firewallsandexitstairways,requiredforthecompletedbuildings,shallbegiven
constructionpriority.Firedoors,withautomaticclosingdevices, shallbehungonopeningsassoon
aspracticable.Firecutoffs shall be retained inbuildingsundergoingalterationsor demolitionuntil operations
necessitatetheirremoval.
10.36:FirePrevention
(1) IgnitionHazards. Electricalwiringandequipmentforlight,heat,orpowerpurposesshallbe
installedincompliancewiththerequirementsoftheNationalElectrical Code,NFPA 70-1987; ANSI
C2-1984(Rev.of1968),andtherequirementsofPart9.
(a) Internalcombustion enginepoweredequipmentshallbesolocatedthattheexhaustsarewell
away fromcombustiblematerials.Whentheexhaustsarepipedtooutsidethebuildingunderconstruction,a clearanceof at leastsixinches shall be maintainedbetween such pipingand
combustiblematerial.
(b)Smokingshallbeprohibitedatorinthevicinityofoperationswhichconstituteafirehazard,
andshallbeconspicuouslyposted:"NoSmokingorOpenFlame."
(c)Portablebatterypoweredlightingequipment,usedinconnectionwiththestorage,handling,
oruseofflammablegasesorliquids,shallbeofthetypeapprovedforthehazardouslocations.
(d) The nozzle ofair,inertgas,andsteamlinesorhoses,whenusedinthecleaningorventilation
oftanksandvesselsthatcontainhazardousconcentrationsof flammable gases or vapors,shallbe
bondedtothetankorvesselshell.Bondingdevicesshallnotbeattachedordetachedinhazardous
concentrationsofflammablegasesorvapors.
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10.36:continued
(2)TemporaryBuildings. Notemporarybuildingshallbeerectedwhereitwilladverselyaffectany
meansofexit.
(a)Temporarybuildings,whenlocatedwithinanotherbuildingorstructure,shallbeofeithernoncombustibleconstructionorofcombustibleconstructionhavingafireresistanceofnotlessthan
onehour.
(b) Temporarybuildings,locatedotherthaninsideanotherbuildingandnotusedforthestorage,
handling,oruseofflammableorcombustibleliquids, flammablegases,explosives,orblasting
agents,orsimilarhazardousoccupancies,shallbelocatedatadistanceofnotlessthantenfeet
fromanotherbuildingorstructure.Groupsoftemporarybuildings,notexceeding2,000squarefeet
inaggregate,shall,forthepurposesof454CMR10.36(2),beconsideredasingletemporary
building.
(3)Open YardStorage. Combustiblematerials shallbepiledwithdueregardtothestabilityofpiles
andinnocasehigherthan20'.
(a) Drivewaysbetweenand aroundcombustiblestoragepilesshallbeatleast15'wideand
maintainedfreefromaccumulationofrubbish,equipment,or otherarticlesormaterials.Driveways
shallbesospacedthatamaximumgridsystemunitof50'by150'isproduced.
(b) Theentirestoragesiteshallbekeptfreefromaccumulationofunnecessary combustible
materials.Weedsandgrassshall be kept downandaregularprocedureprovidedfortheperiodic
cleanupoftheentirearea.
(c) Whenthere is adangerofanundergroundfire,thatlandshallnotbeusedforcombustibleor
flammablestorage.
(d) Methodofpilingshallbesolidwhereverpossibleandinorderlyandregularpiles . No
combustiblematerialshallbestoredoutdoorswithintenfeetofabuildingorstructure.
(e)Portablefireextinguishingequipment,suitableforthefirehazardinvolved,shallbeprovided
at convenient,conspic