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How to Meet 2017/2020 Energy
RegulationsU.S. Commercial Foodservice
E360 Annual Conference • Atlanta, Ga. • April 11 and 12
Ani JayanthDirector, Product Marketing
Emerson
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This presentation is intended to highlight changing developments in the law and industry topics. The law is frequently evolving and information and publications in this presentation may not reflect the latest changes in the law or legal interpretations. The statements and information provided in this presentation should not be construed as legal advice or legal opinion regarding any specific facts or circumstances, but is intended for general informational purposes only. The views and statements expressed during this presentation are the personal opinions of the presenter and do not those of Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. or its affiliated companies. You should consult an attorney about your situation and specific facts and you should not act on any of the information in this presentation as the information may not be applicable to your situation. Although all statements and information contained herein are believed to be accurate and reliable, they are presented without warranty of any kind. Information provided herein does not relieve the user from the responsibility of carrying out its own tests and experiments. Statements or suggestions concerning the use of materials and processes are made without representation or warranty that any such use is free of patent infringement and are not recommendations to infringe on any patents. This presentation may not be copied or redistributed without the express written consent of Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc.
Disclaimer
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Status of U.S. Refrigeration Energy Regulations
Product Class Current NOPR Final Effective Energy Level Reduction
U.S
. D
ep
art
me
nt o
f E
ne
rgy
Closed-Doors
Reach-Ins
(Self-Contained)
2010 Oct. 2013 March 2014*March 2017
(FINAL)
kWh/Day
30%–50%
Ice Makers 2010NODA
Sept. 2014Jan. 2015
Jan. 2018
(FINAL)
kWh/100 lbs
5%–15%
Display Cases,
Including Remote2012 Oct. 2013 March 2014*
March 2017
(FINAL)
kWh/Day
30%–50%
Walk-In
(Foodservice)2009 Sept. 2013
Jan. 2016**
No change MT;
No change panels
and doors;
LT and multiplex out
of cmte.
Jan. 2020
(all enforced)
AWEF
MT 20%–40%;
LT and Multiplex 20–30%
(ASRAC Cmte. Proposal)
* Lawsuit filed by industry in 7th Circuit Court; Petition denied, final rule stays
** Lawsuit filed by industry in 5th Circuit Court; settlement reached July 2015 to refer to ASRAC Cmte., with cmte. to make proposal in
January 2016, which they met. Awaiting DOE and Court final approvals.
Compliance Effective Dates Are Nearing.3
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EPA’s Final Rule, July 20, 2015, and September 26, 2016Changed listing status of certain HFCs*
*Abbreviated – For complete listing, see EPA Final Rule; go to: https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2015-07-20/pdf/2015-17066.pdf
See proposed rule; go to: https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2016-04-18/pdf/2016-08163.pdf
Final Rule: July 20, 2015 Final Rule: September 26, 2016
Phase-out
refrigerant
Super-
market
(New**)
Super-
market
(Retrofit***)
Remote
condensing
unit
(New)
Remote
condensing
unit
(Retrofit***)
Stand-Alone Refrigerated
food processing
and dispensing
equipment
(New)
Cold storage
warehouses
(New)
Ice
machines
(New)
Very low-
temp
refrigeration
(New)
MT < 2,200 BTU/hr.
and not contain
flooded evap.
(New)
MT ≥ 2,200 BTU/hr.
with or without
flooded evap.
(New)
LT
(New)
LT and MT
(Retrofit***)
R-404A/507A Jan. 1, 2017 July 20, 2016 Jan. 1, 2018 July 20, 2016 Jan. 1, 2019 Jan. 1, 2020 Jan. 1, 2020 July 20, 2016 Jan. 1, 2021 ^Jan. 1, 2023 OK OK
R-410A OK - OK - Jan. 1, 2019 Jan. 1, 2020 Jan. 1, 2020 - Jan. 1, 2021 ^Jan. 1, 2023 OK OK
R-407A/C/F OK OK OK OK Jan. 1, 2019 Jan. 1, 2020 Jan. 1, 2020 OK ^Jan. 1, 2021
R-407C/F OK
R-407A:
^Jan. 1, 2023
OK R-407C only
HFC-134a OK OK OK OK Jan. 1, 2019 Jan. 1, 2020 OK OK OK OK OK -
Likely alternatives
(Emerson perspective)
R-448A/449A OK OK OK OKNeither SNAP-
approved, nor banned
Neither SNAP-
approved, nor bannedOK
OK for
LT only- - OK -
R-450A/513A OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK -
R-290 - - - - OK OK OK - - - OK OK
R-744 OK - OK - OK OK OK - OK OK - OK
R-717OK
(in primary loop of
secondary system)
-OK
(In primary loop of
secondary system)
-OK
(in primary loop of
secondary system)
OK(in primary loop of
secondary system)
OK(in primary loop of
secondary system)
OK(in primary loop of
secondary system)
OK(in primary loop of
secondary system)
OK OK -
** Includes ice machines connected to a supermarket rack refrigeration system.*** EPA uses term “retrofit” to indicate the use of a refrigerant in an appliance that was designed for and originally operated using a different refrigerant.
Term does not apply to upgrades to existing equipment where the refrigerant is not changed.
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Compliance Will Not Be Easy
Opportunity to Comply With One Design Cycle Change
EPA Refrig.
DOE Energy
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
Supermarket (Rack)
Walk-In (Remote CDU)
Cooler
Freezer
Reach-In (Stand-Alone)
Cooler <2,200 BTU
>2,200 BTU
Freezer
Ice Machine
Dispensing
<2,500 GWP
<2,500 GWP
20–40%
<600 GWP
<600 GWP
<1,500 GWP
30–50%
5–15%
1/1/17
1/1/18
3/27/17
1/1/18
R-290 Approved
1/1/20
1/1/19
1/1/20
20–30%
Awaiting Final
ASRAC
<1,500 GWP
EnergyEnvironment
Economics
Equipment
5
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Yes52%
Not yet44%
OEM Preparedness to Meet Compliance Dates
Level of Preparedness: Level of Preparedness:
Equipment Passes DOE Regulations:Equipment Passes EPA Regulations:
EPA Plan in Place DOE Plan in Place
Very prepared Somewhat prepared Only slightly prepared Not at all prepared
(mean)
48%(mean)74%
Yes57%
Not yet36%
Over Half Have a Plan in Place and Are Prepared to Meet Compliance Dates. This Leaves Quite a Few Companies Not Ready for the Change.
6
13% 52% 15% 17% 15% 45% 19% 17%
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OEM-Specific Preparations for Meeting DOE Regulations
We’re lab testing as a way to
prepare.
We’re seeking guidance on how to
be better prepared.
We have a product road map.
We’re communicating our plans to
customers.
Other
62%
49%
43%
32%
13%
End use customers
Aftermarket/wholesalers/
distributors
Contractors
Other
87%
47%
20%
13%DOE preparations
Communicating plan to … (among those communicating plans to customers)
Seeking guidance from … (among those seeking guidance to prepare)
Component manufacturers
Consultants
End use customers
Other
87%
35%
22%
9%
While 62% Are Lab Testing to Prepare for DOE Regulations, the Remaining Two in Five Are Not.
Many customers are still seeking guidance on becoming better prepared.
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Agreement With Statements Related to Regulatory Changes
Top-2 Box
I expect some components will change.
I expect some of our products to
become obsolete.
I expect component costs to increase.
89%
63%
73%
5 = Completely
Agree4 3 2
1 = Completely
Disagree
77%
53%
51%
12%
10%
22%
10%
14%
20%
2%
10%
4%
14%
4%
The Majority Expect Components Will Change Based on the Regulations. This, in Turn, Will Impact Cost Negatively.
Top-2 Box
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DOE Equipment Regulations Survey
9
Source: Department of Energy
• Effective January 2020 on new equipment
• WICF measured in three major components
• AWEF measured using AHRI-1250 testing standard
–Each equipment class assigned equation
–Variable: Q = system capacity
• Effective March 2017 on new equipment
• CRE measured in kWh/24-hour day
–Each equipment class assigned
equation
–Variable: Total Display Area (TDA)
or volume
Industry Reach-In Solid Door Refrigerator Energy Draw
• Effective January 2018 on new equipment
• ACIM measured in kWh/100lbs ice
– Each equipment class assigned
equation
– Variable: H = harvest rate in lbs per
24 hours
Commercial refrigeration
equipment
Walk-in coolers and
freezers (WICF)Automatic commercial
ice makers
From 20% to 50% energy reduction required for systems, depending on class 5% to 25% energy reduction required
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Source: Department of Energy
Commercial Refrigeration Equipment Equipment Classes
Low- or Medium-Temperature
Vertical, Semi-Vertical, Horizontal, or Service Over Counter
Self-Contained or Remote Condensing
With or Without Solid/Transparent Doors
Commercial Refrigerator and Freezer
Equip
ment
Aff
ecte
d
33+ Classes of Equipment
20+ Sizes/Eqp. Class
Buffet Tables, Salad Bars, Prep Tables Not Affected Depending
Upon Refrigeration Construction
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Buffet Tables, Salad Bar, Prep Table Beyond
Scope of Energy Mandates
Source: Department of Energy
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CRE Prep and Buffet Table Architectures and Compliance Note
Source: Department of Energy
Top Rail Bottom Storage Certification Required Criteria
Power Supply No Power Supplied or From Common Supply With Top See Refrigeration Requirements Single Energy Source
Power Supply Power Supply Yes Dual Energy Source With Single Source Requirement
Top Rail Bottom StorageCertification
RequiredCriteria
Refrigerated: Cold Wall
or Forced Air
Dry –
Non-RefrigeratedNo
Regular Buffet/Prep Construction –
No Classification
Refrigerated: Cold Wall
or Forced Air With Heat
Being Rejected Directly
Into Lower Section
Refrigerated: Air In Lower
Section Coming in Direct
Contact With Top Rail and
Single Condensing Unit
No
Heat From Upper Rail Is Being Absorbed Directly Into
Lower Section Refrigeration System With Single
Energy Source and Single Refrigeration System
Refrigerated: Cold Wall
or Forced Air With No
Direct Contact With
Lower Section
Refrigerated: Cold Wall or
Forced Air With No Direct
Contact With Rail Section
and Single Condensing Unit
Yes
Heat From Upper Rail Is Not Being Absorbed Directly
Into Lower Section Refrigeration System With Single
Energy Source and Single Refrigeration System
Refrigerated: Cold Wall
or Forced Air With Its
Own Condensing Unit
Refrigerated: Cold Wall or
Forced Air With Its Own
Condensing Unit
YesDual Refrigeration System With Single Refrigeration
System Requirement, Single or Dual Energy Source Ca
n B
e T
este
d
w/D
OE
T
est P
roce
du
re
Can
’t B
e
Te
ste
d w
/DO
E
Te
st P
roce
du
re
There Are No Exemptions From the Energy Standard for Commercial Refrigeration Equipment.
However, There Are Some Equipment Types That Do Not Have a Test Procedure and Therefore Do Not Have to be Certified at This Time.
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CRE Equipment DOE Analysis and Equations
Source: Department of Energy
• X-axis: size of equipment ft3
• Y-axis: energy draw kWh/day
• Equation format: Y = m(x) + b
• kWh = m(ft3) + b
• 33 classes of equipment
• Remote condensing and self-contained open cases will not require major efficiency improvement challenges
• Self-contained vertical reach-ins will require significant efficiency improvement changes
2010 2012 2017 2010 2012 2017 % Delta 2010 2012 2017 % Delta
VOP.RC.M 0.82 x TDA + 4.07 0.64 x TDA + 4.07 4.07 4.07 0% 0.82 0.64 -22%
VOP.RC.L 2.27 x TDA + 6.85 2.2 x TDA + 6.85 6.85 6.85 0% 2.27 2.2 -3%
SVO.RC.M 0.83 x TDA + 3.18 0.66 x TDA + 3.18 3.18 3.18 0% 0.83 0.66 -20%
SVO.RC.L 2.27 x TDA + 6.85 2.2 x TDA + 6.85 6.85 6.85 0% 2.27 2.2 -3%
HZO.RC.M 0.35 x TDA + 2.88 0.35 x TDA + 2.88 2.88 2.88 0% 0.35 0.35 0%
HZO.RC.L 0.57 x TDA + 6.88 0.55 x TDA + 6.88 6.88 6.88 0% 0.57 0.55 -4%
VCT.RC.M 0.22 x TDA + 1.95 0.15 x TDA + 1.95 1.95 1.95 0% 0.22 0.15 -32%
VCT.RC.L 0.56 x TDA + 2.61 0.49 x TDA + 2.61 2.61 2.61 0% 0.56 0.49 -13%
HCT.RC.M 0.16 x TDA + 0.13 0.16 x TDA + 0.13 0.13 0.13 0% 0.16 0.16 0%
HCT.RC.L 0.34 x TDA + 0.26 0.34 x TDA + 0.26 0.26 0.26 0% 0.34 0.34 0%
VCS.RC.M 0.11 x V + 0.26 0.1 x V + 0.26 0.26 0.26 0% 0.11 0.1 -9%
VCS.RC.L 0.23 x V + 0.54 0.21 x V + 0.54 0.54 0.54 0% 0.23 0.21 -9%
HCS.RC.M 0.11 x V + 0.26 0.1 x V + 0.26 0.26 0.26 0% 0.11 0.1 -9%
HCS.RC.L 0.23 x V + 0.54 0.21 x V + 0.54 0.54 0.54 0% 0.23 0.21 -9%
SOC.RC.M 0.51 x TDA + 0.11 0.44 x TDA + 0.11 0.11 0.11 0% 0.51 0.44 -14%
SOC.RC.L 1.08 x TDA + 0.22 0.93 x TDA + 0.22 0.22 0.22 0% 1.08 0.93 -14%
VOP.SC.M 1.74 x TDA + 4.71 1.69 x TDA + 4.71 4.71 4.71 0% 1.74 1.69 -3%
VOP.SC.L 4.37 x TDA + 11.82 4.25 x TDA + 11.82 1.82 1.82 0% 4.37 4.25 -3%
SVO.SC.M 1.73 x TDA + 4.59 1.7 x TDA + 4.59 4.59 4.59 0% 1.73 1.7 -2%
SVO.SC.L 4.34 x TDA + 11.51 4.26 x TDA + 11.51 1.51 1.51 0% 4.34 4.26 -2%
HZO.SC.M 0.77 x TDA + 5.55 0.72 x TDA + 5.55 5.55 5.55 0% 0.77 0.72 -6%
HZO.SC.L 1.92 x TDA + 7.08 1.9 x TDA + 7.08 7.08 7.08 0% 1.92 1.9 -1%
VCT.SC.M 0.12 V + 3.34 0.1 x V + 0.86 3.34 0.86 -74% 0.12 0.1 -17%
VCT.SC.L 0.75 V + 4.10 0.29 x V + 2.95 4.1 2.95 -28% 0.75 0.29 -61%
VCS.SC.M 0.10 V + 2.04 0.05 x V + 1.36 2.04 1.36 -33% 0.10 0.05 -50%
VCS.SC.L 0.40 V + 1.38 0.22 x V + 1.38 1.38 1.38 0% 0.40 0.22 -45%
Equations y-Intercept Slope
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CRE Equipment DOE Analysis and Equations
14
Source: Department of Energy
Comparing 2017 vs. 2010
1. Improvement reduces relatively for larger size machines
• VCT.SC.M
2. Improvement increases substantially for larger size machines
• VCT.SC.L
• VCS.SC.L
3. Improvement levels out for larger machines
• VCT.SC.L
• VCS.SC.L
• VCS.SC.M
VCT.SC.M
VCT.SC.L
VCS.SC.M
VCS.SC.L
25%
28%
31%
34%
37%
40%
43%
46%
49%
52%
55%
58%
61%
64%
67%
70%
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
2017 v
. 2010 E
nerg
y R
eduction D
iffe
rence %
Size ft3
Source: Department of Energy
VCT.SC.M VCT.SC.L VCS.SC.M VCS.SC.L
2010 kWh = 0.12(V) + 3.34 0.75(V) + 4.10 0.10(V) + 2.04 0.40(V) + 1.38
2017 kWh = 0.10(V) + 0.86 0.29(V) + 2.95 0.05(V) + 1.36 0.22(V) + 1.38
Y-intercept %
change-74% -28% -33% 0%
Slope % change -17% -61% -50% -45%
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Commercial Refrigeration EquipmentDesign option vs. cost
15
Source: Department of Energy
$0
$10
$20
$30
$40
$50
$60
$70
$80
$90
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%
Higher Eff
Compr
Hot-Gas
Antisweat
ECM Cond Fan 0.5 year
1.0 year
2.0 yearsBPM Compr Mtr
VS Compr
Better Insulation
Payback
$ OEM Cost Adder
% Energy Saving
Solid-Door Reach-In Refrigerator
(DOE/ADL Study)
ECM Evap Fan
kWh/Day
kWh/day = comp. energy draw + lighting + fan + controls + others
Total System Measurement Based on Equipment Type; CDU Is Treated as Component
Better
insulationBPM motor
vs. comp.
System Compressor CDU component
ECM evaporator /
condenser fan
High-effy. comp.
Hot gas
anti-sweat
LED lighting
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Walk-In Coolers and Freezers (WICF)Equipment Classes
Source: Department of Energy
Medium- or Low-Temp
Multiplex Condensing
Recip. Hermetic, Semi-Hermetic Recip. or Scroll Compression
<9K BTU/h or >= 9K BTU/h
Indoor or Outdoor
Medium- or Low-Temp
Dedicated Condensing
• Dedicated– Single walk-in feed
– A packaged dedicated system where the unit cooler and condensing unit are integrated into a single piece of equipment
– A split dedicated system with separate unit cooler and condensing unit sections
• Multiplex– Unit coolers matched to
multiplex condensing rack system
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Walk-In Coolers and Freezers (WICF)AWEF
• AWEF values calculated using AHR-1200 calculator with plugged-in assumptions for factors
• Can be simulated in the absence of full system build
Source: Department of Energy
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DOE Design Options to Meet AWEF Summary
Floating Head Pressure
Modulating Evaporator Fans
Electronically Commutated
Motors
Improved Evaporator Fan
Blades
Improved Condenser Fan
Blades
Improved CoilHot Gas Defrost
Temperature-initiated,
Temperature-terminated Defrost
Variable Speed Compressor
Variable Speed Condenser Fans
Variable Speed Evaporator Fans
Ambient Sub-cooling
Source: Department of Energy
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WICF AWEF Improvement Design Option CostsDedicated Condensing MT/LT by BTU/h
6000 9000 54000 72000 18000 54000 6000
L M
DC
I - HER $1,528 $1,648 $2,130 $1,448
I - SCR $1,754 $1,873 $6,754 $2,348 $3,575 $6,233
I - SEM $1,993 $4,653 $2,588 $4,103 $4,242
O - HER $1,558 $1,678 $2,160 $1,479
O - SCR $1,785 $1,903 $6,819 $2,379 $3,615 $6,289
O - SEM $2,024 $2,154 $7,246 $9,133 $2,618 $4,143 $4,286
$0
$2,000
$4,000
$6,000
$8,000
$10,000
$12,000
$14,000
$16,000
Average Costs
9000 6000 54000 72000 18000 54000 6000
L M
DC
I - HER $2,171 $2,370
I - SCR $2,365 $2,204 $7,568
I - SEM $2,452 $7,571 $4,387 $4,568
O - HER $2,494
O - SCR $9,668 $2,682 $3,978 $7,003
O - SEM $10,530 $13,706 $4,603 $4,771
$0
$2,000
$4,000
$6,000
$8,000
$10,000
$12,000
$14,000
$16,000
New Costs for Meeting AWEF
$3,269 $4,684 +43%
Source: Department of Energy
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Automatic Commercial Ice MakersOverview
20
Source: Department of Energy
• Affecting batch ice machines also known as “cubers”
• Affecting continuous ice machines also known as “flakers” or “nuggets”
Air or water cooled
Self-contained or remote condensing
Various harvest rates
• Frozen carbonated beverage machines not affected
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Automatic Commercial Ice MakersCycle Understanding
Start
• 30/110
• 15% Run Time
Stabilize
• 15/115
• 70%
Finish
• 0/105
• 10%
Harvest
• 45/95
• 5%
Ice
Ma
ch
ine
Tra
nsie
nt M
od
el
Ice Machine Improvement Levers
Continuous BothBatch
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Total Walk-Ins Reach-Ins Ice/FCB/SS Racks
75% 74% 64% 83%
75% 74% 55% 75%
56% 71% 46% 75%
69% 60% 55% 67%
44% 37% 27% 50%
50% 17% 18% 50%
38% 37% 18% 25%
50% 20% 9% 17%
56% 20% 0% 50%
44% 14% 9% 33%
Measures Being Taken to Increase Energy Efficiency
71%
69%
65%
59%
35%
31%
29%
26%
26%
18%
Switching to more efficient fan motors
Switching to more efficientcompressors
Using LED lighting
Using more electronic controls
Using larger heat exchangers
Switching to electronic expansionvalves
Improving the amount of insulation
Switching to scroll compressors
Using adaptive electric defrost
Using floating head pressures
More Efficient Fan Motors and Compressors, Along With LED Lighting and Electronic Controls, Are Being Used to Increase Energy Efficiency and Provide the Best ROI.
Top energy
efficiency
improvements
that will provide
the best return
on investment
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37,616
CRE
797
ACIM
1,673
WICF
• Google “DOE CCMS” or …
– https://www.regulations.doe.gov/ccms
• DOE enforcement mechanism
– Fines have been imposed
• Annual certification required by submitting new CCMS and supplemental testing forms each year
Current Number of Models Listed
Source: Department of Energy
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Questions?
DISCLAIMER
Although all statements and information contained herein are believed to be accurate and reliable, they are presented without guarantee or warranty of any kind, expressed or
implied. Information provided herein does not relieve the user from the responsibility of carrying out its own tests and experiments, and the user assumes all risks and liability for
use of the information and results obtained. Statements or suggestions concerning the use of materials and processes are made without representation or warranty that any such
use is free of patent infringement and are not recommendations to infringe on any patents. The user should not assume that all toxicity data and safety measures are indicated
herein or that other measures may not be required.
Thank You!
Ani Jayanth
Director, Product Marketing
937-498-3314