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Presented By
Aditya Kumar
Amit Xaxa
Anima Beck
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Beekeeping (Latin, Apis) is the maintenance of honey bee colonies,
commonly in hives, by humans. A beekeeper (or apiarist) keeps bees
in order to collect honey and other products of the hive
(including beeswax, propolis, pollen, and royal jelly), to pollinate
crops, or to produce bees for sale to other beekeepers. A locationwhere bees are kept is called an apiary or "bee yard".
Depictions of humans collecting honey from wild bees date to 15,000
years ago, efforts to domesticate them are shown in Egyptian art
around 4,500 years ago. It wasn't until the 18th century that European understanding of the
colonies and biology of bees allowed the construction of the moveable
comb hive so that honey could be harvested without destroying the
entire colony.
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The 19th century saw this revolution in beekeeping practice
completed through the perfection of the movable comb hive by the
American Lorenzo Lorraine Langstroth.
Langstroth was the first person to make practical use of Huber'searlier discovery that there was a specific spatial measurement
between the wax combs, later called the bee space, which bees do
not block with wax, but keep as a free passage.
The invention and development of the movable-comb-hive fostered
the growth of commercial honey production on a large scale in both
Europe and the USA
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Petro Prokopovych - Used frames with channels in the side of the
woodwork, these were packed side by side in boxes that were
stacked one on top of the other
Jan Dzieron - Was the father of modern apiology and apiculture.
All modern beehives are descendants of his design L. L. Langstroth - Revered as the "father of American apiculture",
no other individual has influenced modern beekeeping practice
more than Lorenzo Lorraine Langstroth. His classic bookThe Hive
and Honey-bee was published in 1853
Walter T. Kelley - Was an American pioneer of modernbeekeeping in the early and mid-20th century
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R.N.Mattoo was the pioneer worker in starting beekeeping withIndian honeybee, Apis cerana indica in early 1930s
Apis mellifera was started by Dr. A.S.Atwal and his team
members, O.P.Sharma and N.P.Goyal in Punjab in early 1960s.It
remained confined to Punjab and Himachal Pradesh up to late 1970s
In 1982, Dr. R.C.Sihag, working at Haryana Agricultural
University,Hisar (Haryana), introduced and established this
honeybee in Haryana and standardized its management practices forsemi-arid-subtropical climates
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Country
Production
(1000 metric
ton)
Consumption
(1000 metric
ton)
No. of bee
Keepers
No. of bee
hives
Germany
21.23 89 90,000
1,000,000
Serbia 3
to 56.3
30,000
430,000
Denmark2.5
5 4,000
150,000
New Zealand
9.69 82602
313,399
India52.23
45
9,800,000
Egypt
16 200,000
2,000,000
Morocco 400,00010/24/2013 6
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PROCEDURES AND STRATEGIES
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Period Work activity
Days 1-3 Cleaning cells and incubation
Day 3-6 Feeding older larvae
Day 6-10 Feeding younger larvae
Day 8-16Receiving honey and pollen from
field bees
Day 12-18 Wax making and cell building
Day 14 onwardsEntrance guards; nectar and pollen
foraging
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Stage of
development
Queen Worker Drone
Egg 3 days 3 days 3 days
Larva 8 days 10 days13 days :Successive moults occur within
this period 8 to 13 day period
Cell Capped day 8 day 8 day 10
Pupa 4 days 8 days 8 days
Total 15 days 21 days 24 days
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Beekeeping has positive ecological consequences. Bees play animportant role in the pollination of many flowering plants, thus
increasing the yield of certain crops such as sunflower and various
fruits.
Honey is a delicious and highly nutritious food. By the traditional
method of honey hunting many wild colonies of bees are destroyed.
This can be prevented by appropriate technology.
Beekeeping can be initiated by individuals or groups
The market potential for honey and wax is high
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There are four species of honeybees in India. They are:
Rock bee (Apis dorsata): They are good honey gathers with an average
yield of 50-80 kg per colony.
Little bee (Apis florea): They are poor honey yielders and yield about 200-
900 g of honey per colony.
Indian bee (Apis cerana indica): They yield an average honey yield of 6-8kg per colony per year.
European bee [Italian bee] (Apis mellifera): The average production per
colony is 25-40 kg.
Stingless bee (Trigona iridipennis): In addition to the above, another species
also present in Kerala known as stingless bees. They are not truly stingless,
but sting is poorly developed. They are efficient pollinators. They yield 300-
400 g of honey
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Among the four principal bee specicies in India. The rock-bee (Apis Dorsata)contributes around 20000 tons or more then 70% of annual honey production of ourcountry.
Since this species is migratory and wild in nature, scientific handling and
harvesting of rock-bee honey has hitherto not been systematically
undertaken. Instead, crude methods of collecting this honey are adoptedby (mostly tribal and forest-dwelling) honey hunters, using fire and
squeezing of combs by hands, leading to gross destruction of whole
colonies of bees. Loss of bee population hampers cross pollination in
agricultural crops, forests and other blooming vegetation with adverse
impact on the local ecology. These traditional honey hunters also face
considerable hazards in their vocation due to the inaccessibility of
honeycombs and the ferocity of these wild bees. Moreover, they are
usually forced to sell the honey at low or distress prices to middlemen
and contractors. 10/24/2013 13
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First developed and successfully demonstrated by the center of science forvillages, wardha, Nagpur and continuously improvement by the
collaboration with other organization and institution.
Focus on use of protective dress to ensure the safety of the honey collector
and some essential equipment to prevent harm to,- Collector
The bees
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Enable extraction of good quality honey and by-products suchas bee wax and pollen.
A nodal facility for purification/processing of honey and by-
products, packaging and marketing add value and caneliminate middle-men.
It can adopted any where in India , where requisite bee
population exists.
Training required for honey hunters as well for NGOs.
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Project area should have large bee population - Large forest
areas, hilly tracts or rock faces and several water bodies.
Blooming vegetation area required since this would lead to
better and higher quantity of honey.
Existing group and practices of traditional honey hunters is
preferable due to familiarity with hive locations, wild beebehaviors, knowing about marketing channels.
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Bee keeping requires less time, money and infrastructure
investments
Honey and bees wax can be produced from an area of little
agricultural value
The Honey bee does not compete for resources with any otheragricultural enterprise.
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The technology package comprises-
Water spray
Protective Dress
Portable Rope Ladder
Clip
Solar Honey Separator
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Setup Nodal Agency
3 members along with the protective dress
Requiring kit, cost of this kit is approximately Rs.12000.
There would be 5 months honey flow period.
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The improved technology of honey extraction has several
advantages: Obtained honey without destruction of comb and bees.
Quality of honey is better due better collection process
Quantity of honey collection increases due above and non
destructive methods of honey extraction enabling decolonizationby bees and multiple harvests.
Safety of honey-collectors is ensured
Sustainable yields of honey and ecological conservation ensuredthrough promotion of cross-pollinaiton by preserving bee
population Provides higher income to honey gatherers
Make available good quality honey for consumers with no/lesspesticides contamination
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We are all connected in this world when spercies like(Honey Bee) start
dissapearing around the world, due to Global warmng.
Thus, to achieve a friendly environment especially for thetropical countries honey bees we should have to go throughthe following steps
The development of beekeeping in tropical countries can be achieved using
local methods by beekeepers who like honeybees. Honey quality can be
improved by training beekeepers to respect hygienic conditions and to useplastic containers during harvesting, extracting and packing honey. The
plants used to smoke traditional hives can be packaged and sold for use
with frame hives.
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