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Hercules reborn:the afterlife of a classical hero
Emma Stafford (University of Leeds)
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Room N, Via Latina catacombs, Rome, C4th AD: Hercules and the hydra; with Alcestic and Cerberus; in the Hesperides’ garden.
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Hercules adorning Christian churches: 13th-century baptistry pulpit of Pisa cathedral; 13th-century relief from west facade of St Mark’s, Venice; door-jamb of Porta della Mandorla, Florence (1391-1405).
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Groups of labours in Renaissance art (clockwise):
Triumph of Hercules tapestry (1513-21); Lucas Cranach the Elder, Antaeus (c.1530); Annibale Fontana, rock-crystal intaglio, Achelous (1560-70); Francisco de Zubaran, Cerberus (1634).
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< Albrecht Durer, Hercules Killing the Stymphalian Birds (1500).
↓ Frederic Lord Leighton, Hercules Fights Death for Alcestis (1869-71)
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Hendrick Goltzius, Hercules Victor, 1617 (New York). Text:
I, Hercules, terror of the world, rest, weary after subduing the three-formed king of further Spain and after taking the apples from the turning-point of Hesperus, where the never-sleeping serpent had guarded them in gardens of gold.
> The Farnese Herakles, Roman-imperial period copy of original of c.325 BC (Naples).
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Giambologna, Hercules and Nessus (1599).
Canova, Hercules and Lichas (c.1795).
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Hercules at the crossroads: Cranach (c.1500), Veronese (c.1580),
Poussin (1594-1665), Caracci (1595-7), Paolo dei Matteis (1712).
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Andrea Alciato, Emblemata (1612 Padua edition) no.138: ‘The Twelve Labours of Hercules’.
1531 Augsburg edition: ‘Those who venture on what is beyond their powers’ (Hercules and pygmies) and ‘Eloquence superior to strength’ (the Gallic Hercules).
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> Holbein, portrait of Erasmus (1523).
↓ Holbein, Hercules Germanicus (1522): Luther tramples Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas.
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HERCULES AND OMPHALELucas Cranach the Elder (1537, Braunschweig); Abraham Jenssens (1607, Copenhagen); François Lemoine, Hercules and Omphale (1724, Paris).
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Lucas Cranach the Younger, The Sleeping Hercules Beset by Pygmies (Dresden, 1551); Lorenzo Lotto, portrait of Andrea Odoni (1527, Hampton Court); Rubens, Drunken Hercules (c.1612, Dresden).
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< Antonio Pollaiuolo, version of hydra image from Medici palace (c.1475, Florence). ↓ Bandinelli, Hercules and Cacus (1534), Piazza della Signoria, Florence.
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The French monarchical Hercules:
Louis XIII as Hercules the Emperor (1635); Louis XIV conquering the Triple Alliance, on Porte Saint Martin (1668).
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The French People Overwhelming the Hydra of Federalism
David’s design for colossal statue of Hercules: on sketch for state seal (1793-4) >In Festival of Supreme Being (1794) ↓
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Steve Reeves as Hercules (labove), and magazine advert for Hercules.
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And again in Hercules Unchained (1959)...
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A selection of 1960s Hercules films. Below right: Mark Forest in Mole Men Against the Son of Hercules (1961).
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Arnold Schwarznegger (aka Strong) as Hercules in New York (1970), originally dubbed but more recently with his own voice restored.
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Lou Ferrigno (aka the Incredible Hulk) as Hercules in 1983, with Sybil Danning as Queen Ariadne.
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Kevin Sorbo in Hercules the Legendary Journeys. (Above right) With Lucy Lawless in Xena Warrior Princess.
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Hercules’ love interests (clockwsie): Deianeira x 2 (Renee O’Connor, Tawny Kitaen), Serena, Iole, the 50 daughters of Thespios... (Left) Hercules and Uncle
Iolaus...
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Disney’s Hercules (1997).
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Hercules’ double family: Zeus and Hera, Alcmene and Amphitryon; NB contrasting colour schemes for Olympus and earth.
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Marvel Comics’ take on Hercules:Above left: Hercules meets the Mighty Thor (1974).Right: covers from the more recent series The Incredible Hercules (2008-10).
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HERAKLES NOW
Left: Marian Maguire’s Herakles Takes Up Dairy Farming, lithograph 2006/7.
Right: Two logos familiar in Greece today.
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