Download - Hc training presentation_610
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Images and limited content is courtesy of Power Concepts
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Welcome & Introductions
About Green Home NYC
About the House Calls Program• Mission & Purpose• Responsibilities• Typical Timeline
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House Calls Program Disclaimers• We are volunteers• We are providing very basic info• We are not providing energy audits• We are not building professionals
Volunteers are NOT expected to answer all questions. Technical questions can only be referred to professionals.
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Agenda• Overview of the House Calls presentation
approach• Presentation• Building Issues• Calculation of Heating Index
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TerminologyEnergy Generation – Converting natural resources into useful energy A supply side approach
Energy Conservation – Changing consumption and behavior patterns A demand side approach
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Sustainable Development – Meeting the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs -World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987
Energy Efficiency – Opportunity to get the same amount of productive end
use (heat, lighting, water, comfort, etc.) with less input (oil, natural gas, solar, etc.)
Terminology
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Cogeneration-
Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
The simultaneous production of two or more useful forms of energy.
Most commonly, electricity and useful heat
Terminology
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OpportunitiesA Green Building can Improve:
ENERGY EFFICIENCY SAVINGS
COMFORT
HEALTH
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Building Issues1. Heating & Hot Water2. Building Envelope3. Mechanical Ventilation 4. Lighting, Appliances5. Water Conservation 6. Indoor Air Quality 7. Collective Community Behavior8. Pro-Active, Long-Term Asset Management
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1. Heating- Distribution
Steam• 1-pipe steam• 2-pipe steam
Hot WaterForced Air
Heating
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Heating- Piping
1-Pipe Steam
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• Radiators should be pitched• Radiator valves should be either fully opened or fully closed• Important to maintain air vents• Potential for water hammer• Cheaper to install
1-Pipe Steam
Heating- Piping
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2-Pipe Steam
Heating- Piping
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• Steam traps!!!
2-Pipe Steam
Heating- Piping
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Hydronic Distribution (Water)• Easiest to control temperature• Can take advantage of the most efficient boiler
(condensing boiler)
Heating- Piping
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Boilers• Steam:
– Water boils at 212ºF and becomes steam– Steam travels through the steam
headers
into radiators and returns as condensate
• Hydronic:– Water heated to 120ºF -180ºF– Pump circulates water through system
Heating- Boilers
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Scotch Marine Steel Firetube Boiler Triple pass
Heating- Boilers
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Steam Boilers vs. and Hot Water Boilers
Temperature / Pressure Indicator
Gauge Glass
Heating- Boilers
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Burners• Atmospheric gas• Power Gas• Dual-Fuel Burner
Heating- Boilers
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Condensing Gas Boiler
Up to 97% efficient
Ways to Save:
Heating- Ways to Save
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DHW Generation
• Tankless coil in a heating boiler• Separate boiler:
– Tank type– With a separate tank– Instantaneous steam or gas fired
Heating- DHW Boilers
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Heating- DHW Boilers
DHW System TypesTankless Coil in Scotch Marine Steel Boiler
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Boilers
Tankless Coil in Scotch Marine Steel Boiler DHW System Types
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A Tankless coil needs a Mixing Valve
Cold water
Hot water from tankless coil
Mixed water to fixtures
DHW System Types
Heating- DHW Boilers
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Heating- DHW Boilers
DHW Boiler
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Instantaneous Electric Water Heater
Heating- DHW Boilers
DHW System Types
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Solar DHW:
Flat Panel
Vacuum Tubes
Heating- DHW Boilers
DHW System Types
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Renewable Energy• Solar PV and DHW are still very expensive will • Building save more energy by investing in energy
efficiency • Consider buying green electricity from your
utility
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Design Considerations for Solar Thermal System in NYC• Is there enough space on
the roof?A 60-tube setup requires approx. 100 sq. ft. of space
• Typical NYC roof =
7,000 – 12,000 sqft, but mechanical equipment, vents, etc. reduce this.
• Shaded areas• Expensive installation
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2. Building Envelope- Heat Transfer Basics
• Hot always goes to cold
• High pressure goes to low pressure
• High humidity goes to low humidity
Building Envelope
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Ways of Heat Transfer
• Convection (movement of air carrying
heat)
• Conduction (movement of heat through
materials)
• Radiation (sensation of temperature/heat
emission from objects)Building Envelope
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Stack Effect: Difference in air pressure
Building Envelope
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Air Infiltration
Building Envelope
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Conduction
Building Envelope
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Insulation Materials:• batts and blankets • rigid materials• sprayed-on
materials• loose insulation
Building Envelope
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Mechanical Ventilation is a large source of heat loss
Building Envelope
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Excessive Exhaust = Money Loss
Building Envelope
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Ways to Save: Minimize Air Infiltration• Keep windows closed and
weatherstripped• Keep dampers closed• Keep doors closed and
weatherstripped (especially in basement, lobby and roof levels)
• Weatherseal AC sleeves
Building Envelope- Ways to Save
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Ways to Save: Insulate Roof &Walls
Building Envelope- Ways to Save
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3. Mechanical Ventilation- Code
NYC Building Code of 2008 stipulated reduction in continuous exhaust requirements:
Old Code New CodeKitchens 100 cfm 25 cfmBathrooms 50 cfm 20 cfmHallways 0.5 cfm/sq.ft. 0.05 cfm/sq.ft.
Mechanical Ventilation
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Duct Cleaning and Sealing
Mechanical Ventilation
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Constant Airflow Regulators
Mechanical Ventilation
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TV 4.7 17.9 $7.7 14% 83 $46.2
DVD Player 2.0 17.3 $11.0 88% 17 $1.5 Compact Stereo 9.8 17.3 $23.4 83% 22 $4.7
Satellite Dish Box 14.9 18.8 $25.5 77% 16 $7.4
Cable Box, DVR, or TIVO 17.2 20.0 $31.4 82% 19 $6.8
Microwave 3.1 23.8 $6.8 20% 1,500 $27.0
Toaster 0.8 23.9 $1.8 16% 1,000 $9.1
Laptop PC (Plugged In) 2.0 17.4 $3.7 32% 19 $8.0
Desktop PC w/ Speakers 3.0 17.4 $6.4 18% 70 $29.6
PC Monitor 1.0 17.4 $2.5 8% 65 $27.5
Printer (Laser) 4.5 22.3 $20.4 88% 250 $2.7
Copy Machine 10.0 3.4 $3.1 49% 39 $3.2 Fax Machine 30.0 22.8 $62.4 77% 175 $19.2
Lowest Standby Power
(Off) (W)
Hours/day in Standby
Power Mode
$ for Standby/
year
% of Standby kWh of Total
Operating Power (W)
$ for Operation/
year
4. Lighting and Appliances- Turn off Electronics When Not in UseElectricity Consumption of Small Appliances
Lighting and Appliances
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Characteristics of Light• Color rendering index (CRI) is a quantitative measure of the
ability of a lamp to reproduce the colors of various objects faithfully in comparison with an ideal or natural light source.
• Incandescent: CRI of 100. Good fluorescent: CRI of 85.
• Color temperature is an indicator of the hue of a specific type of light source, measured in Kelvin
• Incandescent: 2,500K. Good fluorescent: 2,700K-3,000K • Higher color temperatures (5,000 K) are cool (blue
white)• Lower color temperatures (2,700–3,000 K) are warm
(yellow).
Lighting and Appliances
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Torchieres
CFL Torchiere Halogen Torchiere
Lighting and Appliances
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Lighting and Appliances- Ways to Save
Compact Florescent Lights (CFL)
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Old AC (10,000 Btuh) with EER=8
uses 625 kWh = $156/year
Energy Star AC with EER = 12
uses 417 kWh = $104/year
Energy Star Air Conditioners
Lighting and Appliances- Ways to Save
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Programmable TimersTurn off air conditioning when you are not at home
Lighting and Appliances- Ways to Save
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Thermostatic Radiator Valves (TRVs)
Lighting and Appliances- Ways to Save
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Typical Fridge uses:900 kWh = $225/year
Energy Star Fridge uses:
450 kWh = $113/year
Energy Star Refrigerators
Lighting and Appliances- Ways to Save
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• Energy Star Front-Loading Washing Machines
• Cost: ~ $1,500/unit; Payback Time: ~8 years
Ways to Save:
Lighting and Appliances- Ways to Save
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5. Water Conservation• Low Flow Showerheads:
• Flow< 2.5 gpm• Cost: ~ $45/showerhead• Payback: ~1 year
Water Conservation- Ways to Save
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Reducing Toilet Water Volume
Water Conservation- Ways to Save
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6. Indoor Air Quality- Individual Habits
54
Instead of keeping windows open:• Inform management about
excessive heat• Shut the radiator valve off • Get a TRV Coole
r
Warmer
Double-Hung Zone Valve
Indoor Air Quality
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Reduce Drafts• Weatherseal:
• AC sleeves• Windows• Outlet gaskets• Dumbwaiter shafts• Kitchen pipe
penetration
Indoor Air Quality
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Weathersealing Options
Indoor Air Quality
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Draftiness from Air Conditioners• Take the AC out in winter• Cover the unit with a fabric or plastic cover• Caulk around
Indoor Air Quality
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Questions for the Audience
• Is it too hot in apartments in winter?
• Are the doors and windows drafty?
• Is there mechanical ventilation?
• I noticed the hallway lighting is…
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Calculating the Heating IndexRequired Information:
• Fuel Usage for 1 year• Building Square Footage• Number of Heating Degree Days in the period
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Cost-Benefit Analysis
1. Useful Life2. Payback Period3. Return on Investment (ROI)4. Savings to Investment Ratio(SIR)
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Follow-Up Materials1. Sample Energy Reduction Plan2. Buildingscience.com3. NYS Energy Conservation Code 20084. Excerpts of new NYC laws