FSM in the Foundation’s Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Strategy
Jan Willem RosenboomBill & Melinda Gates Foundation
The Sanitation Crisis 2.5 billion people lack the dignity
and health offered by access to a safe, decent toilet and protection from untreated waste
2.1 billion urban residents use facilities that do not safely dispose of human waste
Eliminating OD reduces stunting. This effect is 4-5 times larger in urban areas than in rural areas
Most of us live in urban areas (52%) and many developing countries experience runaway urban growth. “Investment in sanitation is a down payment on a sustainable future” (Ban Ki Moon, Budapest Water Summit, 9/2013)
The Sanitation Service Chain
Kenyan Pit emptying video
Kenya Manual Pit Emptying
Poor FSM: Institutional Open DefecationSludge direct to the environment: no service chain
WC tosewer
On-site facility
Open defecation
Left to overflow
or abandoned
Safely emptied
Unsafely emptied
Leakage
Effectively treated
Illegally dumped
Not effectively
treated
9%69% 9% 9%
2%
1%98%
Treatment Reuse/ disposalTransportEmptyingContainment
2%
Residential environment
Drainage system
Receiving waters
1%
Partial FSM: Framework in place, services existSome sludge safely transported and treated
WC tosewer
On-site facility
Open defecation
Safely abandoned when full
Safely emptied
Unsafely emptied
Leakage
Effectively treated
Illegally dumped
Legally dumped Not
effectively treated
Not effectively
treated 21%
10%
6%10% 17% 5%29%69%
Treatment Reuse/ disposalTransportEmptyingContainment
2%
31%
Residential environment
Drainage system
Receiving waters
Need Sustainable Business Models Traditional technology is water, infrastructure-, and energy-
intensive• Not scalable to all who need it
Donations of toilets and equipment do not scale Need to increase political prioritization, understanding of
sludge flows and impacts, improved outcomes Develop sustainable business models through supply chain:
• Support new and existing business in developing countries• Offer decentralized products independent of infrastructure
Need co-ordination, regulation and monitoring Sector is ready for innovation; partners wanted…
Our Approach
The Foundation is Funding:
• Applied Research• Product Development• Prototyping & Testing• Support of Commercialization• Efforts to Encourage Adoption
To Develop Solutions that:
• Are compelling products, sold on the open market and− Profitable for Commercialization
Partners− Accessible to the Target
Customers− => Are Sustainable
• Allow people to live healthier more productive lives
We believe there is a significant need, and market, for these solutions
Reinvented Toilet Omni-Ingestor Omni-Processor
• $0.05/person/day • No pathogens• User demand
• Access 90% of pits • Effective Emptying• Efficient Transport
• Decentralized• Nutrient Recovery• Energy Production
Biologically & Environmentally Safe • Profitable • Sustainable
Areas of Technical Innovation
Janicki Industries
Large Scale Decentralized ProcessingDukeUniversity