Download - French and Indian War 1754-1763
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French and Indian War1754-1763
Britain and FranceFighting to Maintain the Balance
Of Power in the Colonies
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Tensions Explode!
France and England, by the late 17th century were at war, almost continuously, both in Europe and in the New World
Land = Power and neither was willing to budge an inch
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Results of Prolonged Conflicts
Many colonial men died Enormous debt Britain establishes large navy and
standing army England excites a jingoist* sense of
nationalism
*ready to rage war; belligerent
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Ohio River Valley Both Britain and
France claimed this land as theirs.
Adjunct-general of Virginia, Major George Washington tried to warn off French – failed
British build a fort on Ohio River
French come, destroy that fort, build a bigger fort – Ft. Duquesne
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Washington, 1754
Heads off with a few men and Indian allies Meets a French regiment at Great
Meadows – first shots of this long war Washington retreated, but he became world
famous at the age of 22!
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The Albany Congress
June 19 – July 10, 1754 in Albany, N.Y.
All colonies from Maryland north met to discuss precautions and tactics
Ben Franklin suggests his Plan of Union
Plan of Union- a way to unite the colonies in both military and government
Plan was rejected both by the crown and the colonies
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General Braddock’s Defeat
Commander-in-chief of British forces in America
Planned attack on Ft. Duquesne
Thousands of Indians and Frenchmen dressed as Indians jump out of woods
Braddock is killed and most of Britain's supplies and artillery were abandoned.
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Quebec 1759
This was the most decisive battle of the war
Britain devastated the French forces
This battle virtually ended French power in North America for all time
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Peace of Paris, 1763
Ended the war and French presence in North America
Britain takes all French possessions east of the Mississippi and Spanish Florida.
France gave Spain Louisiana
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Britain’s Irony
In gaining Canada, the British put a plan into action that will result in their loss of all the rest of British North America – The American Revolution!
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American, not British
After the war, more colonists see themselves as American, rather than British
Many of the soldiers, esp. those from New England, became convinced of their moral superiority to the British soldier
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Writs of Assistance These were issued by Britain They were general search warrants that
allowed officers to enter any place during daylight to seek evidence of illegal trade
Many colonists were still trading with France (molasses)
James Otis was hired to fight these writs in court
He lost, but made the provocative argument that these acts from Parliament should be seen as “instruments of slavery” in violation of the British constitution and therefore void!
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Problems
1. Who should manage the defense of these new possessions?
2. What should be done about the western lands inhabited by Indians, but coveted by whites?
3. How should the British handle the debt of the war?
4. What role should the colonists play in all of this?
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Proclamation of 1763 This drew a line along the crest of the
Appalachians beyond which white settlers were forbidden to go
This line did not stay intact long due to various, dubious treaties made with Indians
Many hardy settlers headed west!
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