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Forces of ChangeForces of Change
Why is the Earth not Flat?Why is the Earth not Flat?
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Savage EarthSavage Earth• What caused this?
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Savage EarthSavage Earth• What is this?
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Savage EarthSavage Earth• What caused this?
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Savage EarthSavage Earth• What caused this?
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Let’s ReviewLet’s Review• What is physical geography?
The study of understanding the processes and patterns of the natural environment.
In other words……how the earth works!!
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Earth SystemsEarth Systems• Atmosphere – air
and gasses
• Lithosphere – Earth’s surface and interior
• Biosphere – living things
• Hydrosphere – water (all forms)
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Earth’s InteriorEarth’s Interior
• Inner Core – Very hot very dense.
• Outer Core – Hot molten liquid.
• Mantle – Mix of liquid and solid.
• Crust – Thin solid top layer.
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Plate TectonicsPlate Tectonics• Has the Earth always looked the same?
• Observe an animation of the breakup of Pangaea.
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Continental DriftContinental Drift• The theory that the earth’s crust is divided into
“plates” that slowly drift apart over time
What “fits” together?
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Plate TectonicsPlate TectonicsThe study of plate movement and its consequences.
There are 3 types of plate movement
-Subduction
-Spreading
-Transformation
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SubductionSubduction• A geologic process in
which one edge of one crustal plate is forced below the edge of another.
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SpreadingSpreading• The process by which plates are moving
apart and new crust is created by magma pushing up from the mantle
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TransformationTransformation• The process by which plates slide
horizontally past one another.
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Changing the face of natureChanging the face of nature
• Are these “constructive” forces the only ones at work on the Earth?
• Imagine the world if only these forces existed…
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Destructive ForcesDestructive Forces
• There are 3 types of “destructive” forces:
- Erosion
- Weathering
- Deposition
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ErosionErosion• the process by
which the surface of the earth is worn away by the action of water, wind, waves, glaciers
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WeatheringWeathering• the various mechanical
and chemical processes that cause exposed rock to decompose.
Mechanical Weathering caused by windblown particles
Chemical Weathering caused by acid rain
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DepositionDeposition• The process of accumulating or laying
down of matter by a natural process.
Alluvial fan after a flash floodMississippi river delta