art savage – 1951-2009 - milb.com homepage · art savage – 1951-2009 a rt savage was a ......

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2010 Sacramento River Cats Media Guide1

ART SAVAGE – 1951-2009

Art Savage was a plain-spoken doer who focused on

building things up as opposed to tearing them down.

Numerous expres-sions of tribute have been offered for the Sacramento River Cats owner who died too soon at 58 last November. In truth, it’s easy to exaggerate a human legacy.

But Savage is different, because his contributions won’t be measured by words, but by concrete deeds accom-plished against the fury of Sacramento-style politics.

Everyone loves Raley Field now. It’s quickly become a Sacramento landmark, a place where top athletes play champi-onship baseball and families celebrate life.

Savage was bringing professional baseball back to the region after a long absence, but he had to bulldoze through hurdles to do so. He had to beat a lawsuit, construct the stadium, complete its financ-ing, move the team from Vancouver and rebuild it here – all in a matter of months.

“All anyone thinks of is the good stuff now,” said Tina Thomas, the lead attorney work-ing with Savage back then. “It was risky and gutsy, but he pulled it off.”

By any measure, the River Cats are the best minor league baseball franchise in America. Savage didn’t get it done by being a pushover.

“He was a fearsome negotiator,” said Mark Friedman, a developer and friend.

When I think of Savage, I think of Little Leaguers in multicolored uniforms filling the lawn seats on a hot summer’s day. Or the glorious sight of a late summer sun-set against the Tower Bridge. Or a Delta breeze soothing the grandstands under a moonlit sky.

Just days before Savage’s death, West Sacramento approved a massive con-struction project that someday will fill the vacant lots around Raley Field with homes and businesses. An amphitheater will go up, complementing baseball with music.

“Art completed his ballpark before we bought the property to build in West Sacramento,” Friedman said. “I don’t think we would have bought the property other-wise. (He) showed the way forward.”

Though he’s no longer with us, summer and children will return each year to the park that Savage built – a legacy beyond words.

By Marcos Breton

Re-printed with permission from The Sacramento Bee

Photo courtesy of The Sacramento Bee

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2010 Sacramento River Cats Media Guide

Sacramento River CatsRaley Field

400 Ballpark DriveWest Sacramento, Ca. 95691

(ph) 916-376-4700(fx) 916-376-4710www.rivercats.com

Susan Savage ........................................................OwnerAlan Ledford .................President, General Manager, COOMatt Re ...................................................General CounselGay Caputo ..............Sr. Manager, Administrative Services

Finance & AdministrationDan Vistica ...................................... Vice President & CFO Jess Olivares ..............................................Director, Finance Madeline Strika .................................................. Accounting Clerk

OperationsJeff Savage ..........................................VP, Business OperationsMatt Thomas ...........................................Sr. Director, Operations Shaun Meyer............................................................Chief Engineer Javier Navarro .....................................................................Engineer Chris Ralston.....................................................Manager, Grounds Chris Martin ..................... Manager, Sports Turf Management Marcello Clamar ........................................Coordinator, Grounds Mario Constancio ..... Manager, Operations & Merlino’s Freeze Shannon Roland .....Coordinator, Guest Services & Operations

Corporate PartnershipsDarrin Gross ...............................Sr. VP, Business Development Jennifer Maiwald ........................Director, Corporate Services Ryan Von Sossan..................................Manager, Annual Suites Greg Coletti ........................ Manager, Corporate Partnerships Delia Estrada....................................... Manager, Client ServicesKacie McDaniel .................................. Manager, Client Services Mitch Tom ........................................................Corporate ServicesJohnny Doskow .............................................. Radio Broadcaster

MerchandiseRose Holland ........................................... Manager, Merchandise Megan Osgood ...................................Coordinator, Online Sales

Ticket Sales & Services Ripper Hatch .......................................................... VP, Ticket Sales Chad Collins ............ Director, Business Development – Tickets Matt Togami ........................................Manager, Ticket Services Creighton Kahoalii ..................................Manager, Group Sales Chris Dreesman .......................................Manager, Inside Sales Scott Kemp ..........................................Manager, Season Tickets Christi Lorenson ................................Manager, Season Tickets Bryan Iredell ..........................Sr. Corporate Account Executive Steve Gracio ................................ Corporate Account Executive

Melanie Levy ................................... Sr. Group Events Executive Ross Johnson ................................. Sr. Group Events ExecutiveKaren Jackson ......................................Group Events Executive Megan Sterling......................................Group Events Executive

Ticket OperationsSteve Hill ...........................................Director, Ticket Operations Jennifer Tokuyama ........Senior Manager, Ticket Operations

Marketing & EventsJennifer Castleberry ...... Sr. Director, Marketing, Events & Ent. Rebecca Brutlag ............................ Manager, CommunicationsTony Asaro .................................................. Community RelationsDanna Bubalo .........................................Sr. Manager, Marketing Steven Lewandowski .....Producer, In-Game Entertainment Mike Villarreal .. Coordinator, Multimedia & Graphic Design Brent Savage .................... Coordinator, Web Site & Research Tara Pekarsky .......Coordinator, Promotions & Merchandise Sara Molina .........................................................Graphic DesignerSara Wendt ...................Coordinator, Events & EntertainmentLeslie Lindsey .....................Coordinator, Day of Game EventsMontrell Washington ...................................Mascot CoordinatorNicholas Lozito ..... Coor., Media Relations & Interactive Media

CoachesTony DeFrancesco .............................................................Manager Rick Rodriguez ....................................................... Pitching Coach Brian McArn ................................................................Hitting Coach Brad LaRosa ............................................................ Athletic Trainer

RIVER CATS FRONT OFFICE

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The Sacramento River Cats 2010 Media Guide was written, edited and produced by Nicholas Lozito (Coordinator, Media Relations and Interactive Media), Rebecca Brutlag (Manager, Communications) and Robbie Enos (Media Relations Intern), with the assistance of Nick Hunte, Kacie McDaniel, Delia Estrada and Dan Vistica. Statistical information was provided by Minor League Baseball BAM, The Sports Network, the Oakland A’s Media Relations department and Baseball America. Photos courtesy of Mike Martin, official photographer of the Sacramento River Cats. Additional photographs provided by Chris Lockard of Scout.com, the Oakland A’s, Maverick Photography, the Pacific Coast League and affiliated Minor League Baseball clubs. Special thanks to the Oakland A’s Media Relations Department. All information in the River Cats 2010 Media Guide is as of April 1, 2010.

MEDIA GUIDE CREDITS

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SUSAN SAVAGECEO

Born: Amarillo, TX

Resides: Sacramento, CA

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Susan, a native of Amarillo Texas, is entering her first season as the sole majority owner of the Sacramento River Cats. Susan and her late husband, Art Savage, purchased the Triple-A franchise and moved the team from Vancouver to the River City in 2000. For the past ten years, they co-owned the River Cats, bringing baseball back to Sacramento after a 25-year absence. Art passed away on November 21, 2009.

A graduate of UCLA, Susan is passionate about the arts and has integrated student art into the ballpark through the Pillars of Art tile program and the annual calendar featuring original art from area schools. Her vision, as was Art’s, is to offer the best fan experience possible and to make customer service the top priority. Susan and the River Cats family strive, on a daily basis, to make Raley Field the No. 1 venue for entertainment in the Sacramento area.

Susan’s two sons, Jeff and Brent, are both River Cats employees.

PACIFIC COAST LEAGUE EXECUTIVES OF THE YEAR

2009 xxx, xxx2008 Sam Bernabe, Iowa2007 John Traub, Albuquerque2006 Mike Schline, New Orleans2005 John Allgood, Oklahoma2004 Dennis Henke, Edmonton2003 Mel Kowalchuk, Albuquerque2002 John Carbray, Fresno2001 Art Savage, Sacramento2000 Allie Prescott, Memphis1999 Garry Arthur, Vancouver1998 Don Logan, Las Vegas1997 Craig Pletenik, Phoenix1996 Bob Goughan, Colo. Springs1995 Mel Kowalchuk, Edmonton1994 Craig Pletenik, Phoenix

1993 Brent Imlach, Vancouver1992 Don Logan, Las Vegas1991 Mike Feder, Tucson1990 Greg Corns, Phoenix1989 Pat McKernan, Albuquerque1988 Mark Helminiak, Portland1987 Stu Kehoe, Vancouver1985 Stu Kehoe, Vancouver1980 Jack Donovan, Tucson1979 Jack Donovan, Tucson1978 Willie Sanchez, Albuquerque1977 Fred Whitacre, Hawaii1976 Art Teece, Salt Lake City1975 Stan Naccarato, Tacoma1974 Ethan Blackaby, Phoenix

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The 2010 season marks Alan Ledford’s eighth as President and Chief Operating Officer of the Sacramento River Cats and sixth as General Manager. He began overseeing the day-to-day operations of the franchise in September 2002.

With more than 27 years experience in all aspects of the sports business, Ledford brings a proven track record of success to the River Cats. In his first full season (2003) as President and Chief Operating Officer, the River Cats led all of Minor League Baseball in attendance (766,326) and won their first PCL Championship in Sacramento. The Cats have since continued those trends, leading all of Minor League Baseball (~160 teams) in attendance for nine (9) of their ten (10) seasons, winning the PCL attendance race each year through 2009, and capturing three (3) additional PCL championships in 2004, 2007, and 2008.

Ledford oversaw the planning and execution of the River Cats successful hosting of the 2005 Triple A All-Star Game and was selected as the 2006 Minor League Baseball Executive of the Year by Baseball America.

Prior to joining the River Cats, Ledford was Executive Vice President of MGO Marketing Group, a Lafayette-based sports and entertainment consulting group. In addition to managing day-to-day operations, Ledford was responsible for developing and executing strategic business plans for sports organizations and franchises including the River Cats (PCL), Fresno Grizzlies (PCL), Albuquerque Isotopes (PCL), the NBA’s Memphis Grizzlies and many others. With MGO Marketing Group, Ledford served as a consultant for the River Cats and was instrumental in the successful launch of the franchise. Prior to MGO, Ledford spent fifteen (15) years with the Oakland A’s, rising to the position of Vice President of Business Operations. In this capacity, Ledford was responsible for all team business activities, including sales, marketing, advertising, broadcasting, merchandising, in-stadium entertainment and stadium operations. While with the A’s, Ledford was involved with numerous special projects and events (such as hosting the 1987 All Star Game, and the 1988, 1989 and 1990 World Series), new business ventures and all capital improvement projects.

Ledford is a graduate of the University of California, Berkeley (BS, Business Administration). He and his wife, Ann, have three children: Andrew (21), Alyse (19) and Gregory (15).

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ALAN LEDFORDPresident, GM & COO

Born: Ukiah, CA

Resides: Danville, CA

Dan Vistica is entering his 11th season with the Sacramento River Cats and affiliated companies at Raley Field. A native of Portland, Ore., Vistica is a Vice President and the Chief Financial Officer of the Sacramento River Cats Baseball Club, LLC and Affiliates and Chairman of the Board, Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of the River Cats Foundation, Inc., the entity’s 501(c)(3) organization. He assumed his current position in November 1999 as the River Cats’ operation commenced during the construction of Raley Field.

During his tenure with the River Cats, he has managed finance, accounting, administration, human resources, benefits, insurance and risk management, IT, taxes, investor relations and has managed guest services, parking, and ticket operations for limited periods of time. Prior to joining the River Cats, Vistica worked in private industry for over 20 years in various roles at an environmental engineering firm (Vice President and CFO), a subsidiary of a Fortune 500 company in the oilfield services business (Vice President and CFO) and at the corporate headquarters (Tax/Financial Manager) of the same Fortune 500 company. Prior to that, he was a tax manager for the Big 8 firm of Deloitte, Haskins & Sells, CPAs, in the firm’s Los Angeles office from 1973-1978. Vistica earned his bachelor’s degree in Accounting from Loyola University in Los Angeles and his master’s degree in taxation from Golden Gate University in Los Angeles.

He is a member of both the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the California CPA Society. Dan and his wife, Annette, have two adult sons, Jeff and Andy.

DAN VISTICAVP & CFO

Born: Portland, OR

Resides: Fair Oaks, CA

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Darrin Gross is entering his 15th season in professional sports and 11th with the River Cats. As sr. vice president of business development, Darrin oversees all sponsorship related activities for the River Cats and Raley Field, production and direction of all River Cats radio and television broadcasts and annual suite sales.

Prior to joining the River Cats, Gross spent four seasons with the Lake Elsinore Storm, his last as their vice president of sales and market-ing. Darrin is a graduate of San Diego State University, where he received his degree in Political Science and History, and holds a law degree from Western State University College of Law. Gross and his wife, Ginger, live in Carmichael with their two daughters, Abbey and Rachel. In his spare time he enjoys Skiing, golf, tennis and hanging out with the family.

DARRIN GROSSSr. VP, Business Development

Born: Anaheim, CA

Resides: Carmichael, CA

Jeff Savage is the River Cats’ Vice President of Business Operations and oversees Stadium Operations, Marketing, Events & Entertainment, Merlino’s Freeze, River Cats Sports Turf Management, and various land development projects around Raley Field.

Prior to joining the River Cats, Jeff operated a sole proprietorship, consulting and advising client companies both inside and outside the professional sports world. Before venturing on his own, Jeff was a manager in the San Francisco office of Deloitte & Touche, consulting client companies in the management of their intellectual property.

Jeff received his bachelor’s degree in business administration at Southern Methodist University and his masters in business administra-tion at the University of California, Davis. He and his wife, Ulrike, and their son, Alec, reside in Sacramento.

JEFF SAVAGEVP, Business Operations

Born: Walnut Creek, CA


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Ripper Hatch began with the River Cats as Vice President of Ticket Sales in September of 2007 and is entering his third full season with the team. In this role, Hatch oversees all functions related to the sale of tickets for River Cats baseball and all other events at Raley Field. Prior to joining the River Cats, Hatch spent five seasons (2003-2007) with the Portland Beavers of the Pacific Coast League, most recently as Vice President of Ticket Sales and Marketing.

Hatch, a South Dakota native, has dedicated the majority of his 15-year career to Minor League Baseball. He brings with him a tremen-dous amount of Minor League Baseball experience from markets of all sizes, including Spokane, WA, Sioux Falls, S.D., and Portland, Ore. Hatch has also spent time with Daktronics Scoreboards as the organization’s Northern California Sales Representative.

Hatch is a graduate of Princeton University and earned a masters degree in Sports Management at the University of Massachusetts-Amherst. Hatch, his wife Brenda, and their daughter Lily live in Sacramento.

RIPPER HATCHVP, Ticket Sales

Born: Brookings, SD


Tony Asaro is entering his 11th season overseeing River Cats Community Relations. The River Cats Community Relations department is active in the community 233 days out of a possible 365 days per year, hosting school assemblies, field trips, parades, youth sports openers, fine arts and music, award assemblies, banquets, hospital visits and sports clinics.

Tony works directly with the River Cats Foundation, Inc., Sacramento River Cats Home Run Tours, Triple-A Assemblies, non-profit orga-nization fundraising, community days at Raley Field, Youth Baseball Camp and the River Cats Speakers Bureau. The primary focus of the River Cats Community Relations department is to provide programs with an emphasis on children and families.

Tony graduated from La Sierra High School and Sacramento State University. Through his career, Tony has served as a Youth Program Director for Northeast YMCA Sacramento, a Career Center Counselor for San Juan Unified School District, a Community Schools Director for SJUSD and a small business owner in Sacramento. Tony and his wife, Nanci, have four children and three grand children.

TONY ASAROCommunity Relations

Born: San Francisco, CA

Resides: Carmichael, CA

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Jennifer Castleberry joined the River Cats in February 2010 as Sr. Director of Marketing, Events & Entertainment. She oversees all advertising, public relations, promotions and events for the River Cats and Raley Field.

Prior to joining the River Cats, Jennifer spent nearly 10 years as a managing supervisor with Sacramento’s leading advertising and PR agency, Runyon Saltzman & Einhorn, the agency of record for the River Cats. She was also communication director for the Hawaii and Delaware health departments and worked in the world of finance as the new account acquisition manager for Fleet Bank’s credit card business.

She graduated with a Communications Degree from Chaminade University of Honolulu and currently serves on the board of directors for Rocklin Little League and as Lieutenant Governor/Treasurer for District 14 of the American Advertising Federation which covers Northern California and Northern Nevada.

Jennifer and her son, Joshua, live in Rocklin.

JENNIFER CASTLEBERRYSr. Director, Marketing, Events & Entertainment

Born: Pottstown, PA

Resides: Rocklin, CA

REBECCA BRUTLAGManager, Communications

Born: Sacramento, CA


Rebecca Brutlag begins her first season with the River Cats as Communications Manager for the team and Raley Field. Her responsibili-ties include overseeing all media/public relations for the club and Raley Field.

Prior to her current position, Brutlag spent seven seasons (2003-2009) with the WNBA’s Sacramento Monarchs as manager of media relations before the team folded in November 2009. Brutlag also held stints as the Sport Information Director for Grand Canyon University (2001-2003) and Virginia Wesleyan College (1999-2001) before her return to Sacramento in April 2003.

A lifelong baseball fan and a 1999 graduate of Grand Canyon University in Phoenix, Arizona, Brutlag interned in the athletic department all four years and received her degree in Human Biology and minored in Athletic Coaching.

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2008 Field Staff

FPO

This season marks Tony DeFrancesco’s seventh as manager of the Sacramento River Cats. DeFrancesco previously managed the River Cats from 2003-2007 and led the club to three PCL Championships in his five-year tenure with the team. DeFrancesco served on the Oakland Athletics coaching staff during the 2008 season before returning to Sacramento as manager in 2009.

During DeFrancesco’s first five seasons at Sacramento, the River Cats com-piled a 413-307 record and won four Pacific Coast League South Division titles and three PCL titles (2003-04, 2007). Last season the River Cats went 86-57 and won the PCL Pacific South division.

The 45-year-old DeFrancesco has spent 14 seasons managing in the A’s minor league system in addition to last season with the A’s coaching staff. In 2003, he was named the Pacific Coast League Manager of the Year and also earned honors as The Sporting News Minor League Manager of the Year after guiding the River Cats to a 92-52 regular season mark, still the best record in franchise history.

DeFrancesco’s 14-year minor league managerial record, which includes stops with the A’s Arizona Rookie League team (1994), Short-A Southern Oregon (1995-96), Single-A Visalia (1997-98), Double-A Midland (1999-2002) and Sacramento, stands at 1,021-888.

DeFrancesco was a ninth-round selection of the Boston Red Sox in the 1984 June Draft and spent eight seasons in the minor leagues with the Boston and Cincinnati organizations. A graduate of Suffern (NY) High School, DeFrancesco played three seasons at Seton Hall University. He resides in Mesa, Ariz., with his wife, Adriene, and their two children, Anthony IV and Genevieve.

Year Manager Hitting Coach Pitching Coach Athletic Trainer2009 Tony DeFrancesco Brian McArn Rick Rodriguez Brad LaRosa2008 Todd Steverson Brian McArn Rick Rodriguez Brad LaRosa2007 Tony DeFrancesco Brian McArn Rick Rodriguez Walt Horn2006 Tony DeFrancesco Brian McArn Rick Rodriguez Walt Horn2005 Tony DeFrancesco Brian McArn Rick Rodriguez Walt Horn2004 Tony DeFrancesco Joe Sparks Rick Rodriguez Walt Horn2003 Tony DeFrancesco Roy White Curt Young Walt Horn2002 Bob Geren Roy White Rick Rodriguez Walt Horn2001 Bob Geren Roy White Rick Rodriguez Walt Horn2000 Bob Geren Roy White Rick Rodriguez Walt Horn

RIVER CATS FIELD STAFF HISTORY

Year Club Record1994 A’s (Arizona League, R) 32-241995 Southern Oregon (Short-A) 33-431996 Southern Oregon (Short-A) 29-471997 Visalia (A) 71-691998 Visalia (A) 67-731999 Midland (AA) 74-662000 Midland (AA) 70-692001 Midland (AA) 71-692002 Midland (AA) 75-642003 Sacramento (AAA) 92-52*2004 Sacramento (AAA) 79-65*2005 Sacramento (AAA) 80-642006 Sacramento (AAA) 78-66 2007 Sacramento (AAA) 84-60*2009 Sacramento (AAA) 86-57 Totals 1021-888

* - PCL champions

DeFRANCESCO’S MANAGERIAL RECORD

TONY DeFRANCESCOManager

Born: New York, NYResides: Mesa, AZOpening Day Age: 46Bats/Throws: R/RHeight/Weight: 6-0/200

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In 2010, McArn enters his sixth season as hitting coach with the River Cats after serv-ing as hitting coach in Double-A Midland in 2004. McArn spent 1998-2003 as a coach with the Single-A Modesto A’s in the Caifornia League. In 2009, the River Cats finished tied for second in the Pacific Coast League with 150 home runs en route to their third consecutive PCL Pacific South Division title. Sacramento also had the league’s seventh-best batting average (.273). Prior to joining the A’s organization, he spent one season as hitting coach for the Single-A Vermont Expos in the New York-Penn League. Brian began his coaching career at American River Junior College in Sacramento, where he served as an assistant coach.

Selected in the 26th round of the June 1991 draft, McArn played two seasons in the A’s organization before injuries ended his career in 1992.

A graduate of Davis High School, McArn attended American River College for two sea-sons before transferring to the University of Nebraska, where he earned All-Big 8 honors. He is a resident of Elk Grove, Calif., where he lives with his wife, Cancy, and three sons, Brian, Bryson and Brevon.

Rodriguez has been pitching coach for nine of the 10 seasons in River Cats history. In 2004, after one season as manager of the Modesto A’s (Single-A), Rodriguez returned to the position he held for three seasons (2000-02). Before his first term as pitching coach of the River Cats, Rodriguez (49) was pitching coach for Modesto in 1999.

Rodriguez led the 2009 River Cats pitching staff to a No. 6 ranking in the Pacific Coast League with a staff ERA of 4.30 and the league’s third-highest strikeout total of 1,038.

Rick pitched parts of four seasons in the major leagues, compiling a 3-4 record and a 5.72 ERA in 31 games. The right-hander pitched for Oakland (1986-87), Cleveland (1988) and San Francisco (1990) during his big-league career. Rodriguez makes his home in Folsom, Calif., with his wife, Dana, son Ryan and daughter Rachel.

BRIAN McARNHitting Coach

Born: 9/19/69 in Portland, ORResides: Elk Grove, CAOpening Day Age: 39Bats/Throws: L/LHeight/Weight: 5-10/175

RICK RODRIGUEZPitching Coach

Born: 9/21/60 in Oakland, CAResides: Folsom, CAOpening Day Age: 48Bats/Throws: R/RHeight/Weight: 6-2/210

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LaRosa, 32, is entering his third season with the River Cats. Prior to joining the Cats, he served as a minor league athletic trainer in the St. Louis Cardinals organization. LaRosa replaced Walt Horn, who was named assistant athletic trainer for the A’s in 2009 after spending 30 years as a trainer in the A’s minor league system. In addition to his athletic training duties, LaRosa, a 2000 graduate of Southern Illinois University who earned a graduate degree in 2003, assists with the team’s travel and equipment responsibilities.

BRAD LaROSAAthletic Trainer

Born: Litchfield, ILResides: Staunton, ILOpening Day Age: 32

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Acute: Sudden, brief, and severe. Usually referred to in connection with an illness. Opposite of Chronic.

Abrasion: Any injury which rubs off the surface of the skin.

Achilles Tendon: One of the longest ten-dons in the body, it attaches the calf muscles to the heel bone.

Anterior: In front of; the front surface of.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL): A pri-mary stabilizing ligament within the center of the knee joint that prevents hyperexten-sion and excessive rotation of the joint. A complete tear of the ACL necessitating reconstruction could require up to 12 months of rehabilitation.

Anterior Talofibular Ligament: A liga-ment of the ankle that connects the fibula (lateral ankle bone) to the talus. This liga-ment is oft times subject to sprain.

Arthroscopy: A surgical examination of the internal structures of a joint by means of viewing through an arthroscope. An arthroscopic procedure can be used to remove or repair damaged tissue or as a dagnostic procedure in order to inspect the extent of any damage or confirm a diagnosis.

Bursa: A fluid-filled sac that is located in areas where friction is likely to occur, then minimizes the friction; for example between a tendon and a bone.

Capsule: An enclosing structure which surrounds the joint and contains ligaments which stabilize that joint.

Cartilage: Smooth, slippery substance preventing two ends of bones from rub-bing together and grating.

Charley Horse: A contusion or bruise to any muscle resulting in intramuscular bleeding. No other injury should be called a charley horse.

Collateral Ligament: On either side of, and acting as a radius of movement of, a hinge joint, as of the elbow, knee and wrist.

Concussion: Jarring injury of the brain resulting in dysfunction. It can be graded as mild, moderate or severe depending on loss of consciousness, amnesia and loss of equilibrium.

Contusion: An injury to a muscle and tis-sues caused by a blow from a blunt object, typically resulting in a bruise.

Cruciate: A cross or “X” shape. There are two cruciate ligaments in the human knee.

Deltoid Ligament: Ligament that connects the tibia to bones of the medial aspect of the foot and is primarily responsible for stability of the ankle on the medial side. Is sprained less frequently than other ankle

ligaments.

Deltoid Muscle: Muscles at top of the arm, just below the shoulder, responsible for shoulder motions to the front, side and back.

Dislocation: Complete displacement of joint surfaces.

Electromyogram (EMG): Test to deter-mine nerve function.

Femur: Thigh bone; longest bone in the body.

Fibula: Smaller of the two bones in the lower leg; runs from knee to the ankle along the outside of the lower leg.

Groin: Junction of the thigh and abdomen; location of muscles that rotate, flex and adduct the hip.

Hamstring: Category of muscle that runs from the buttocks to the knee along the back of the thigh. It functions to flex the knee, and is oft times injured as a result of improper conditioning or lack of muscle flexibility.

Hip Pointer: Contusion to the iliac crest.

Humerus: Bone of the upper arm that runs from the shoulder to the elbow.

Hyperextension: Extreme extension of a limb or body part.

Inflammation: The body’s natural response to injury in which the injury site might display various degrees of pain, swelling, heat, redness and/or loss of function.

Labrum (Labrum Genoidule): The carti-lage of the glenoid cavity in the shoulder. A lip-edge or lip-like structure.

Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL): Ligament of the knee along the lateral aspect that connects the femur to the fibula. It provides lateral stability to the joint.

Ligament: Band of fibrous tissue that connects bone to bone or bone to cartilage and supports and strengthens joints.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Imaging procedure in which a radio fre-quency pulse causes certain electrical ele-ments of the injured tissue to react to this pulse and through this process a computer display and permanent film establish a visual image. MRI does not require radia-tion and is very useful in the diagnosis of soft tissue, disc and meniscus injuries.

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL): Ligament of knee along the medial aspect that connects the femur to the joint.

Meniscus: Crescent shaped cartilage, usually pertaining to the knee joint; also known as “cartilage.” There are two menisci in the knee, medial and lateral.

These work to absorb weight within the knee and provide stability.

Patella: The kneecap. The patella func-tions to protect the distal end of the femur as well as increase the mechanical advan-tage and force generating capacities of the quadriceps muscle group.

Pectorals: Chest muscles beneath breast that lead up to the shoulder.

Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL): A primary stabilizing ligament of the knee that provides significant stability and pre-vents displacement of the tibia backward within the knee joint. A complete tear of this ligament necessitating reconstruc-tion could require up to 12 months of rehabilitation.

Quadriceps “Quads”: A group of four muscles of the front thigh that run from the hip and form a common tendon at the patella; they are responsible for knee extension.

Reflex (deep tendon): Contraction of a muscle in response to tapping the tendon or guider with a reflex hammer; it requires intact sensory nerve supply to transmit the stretching of receptors in the muscle, and intact motor nerve supply for the muscle to contract.

Rotator Cuff: Comprised of four muscles in the shoulder area that can be irritated by overuse. The muscles are the supraspina-tus (most commonly injured), infraspina-tus, teres minor and subscapularis.

Sprain: Injury resulting from the stetch or twist of the joint and causes various degrees of stretch of tear of a ligament or other soft tissue at the joint.

Stress Fracture: A hair-line type of break in a bone caused by overuse.

Tendinitis: Inflammation of the tendon and/or tendon sheath, caused by chronic overuse or sudden injury.

Tendon: Tissue that connects muscle to bone.

Tibia: Larger of the two bones of the lower leg and is the weight-bearing bone of the shin.

Triceps: Muscle of the back of the upper arm, primarily responsible for extending the elbow.

Ulna: Forearm bone that runs from the tip of the elbow to the little finger side of the wrist.

Ulnar Collateral Ligament: A band or sheet of fibrous tissue connecting two or more bones, cartilages or other structures, or serving as support for fasciae or mus-cles; located on the inside of the elbow. (Ligament that was replaced or repaired for the “Tommy John” surgery.)

GLOSSARY OF MEDICAL TERMS

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