Download - Five Minute Writing Assignment
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Five Minute Writing Assignment
• What type of government controlled Ancient Egypt? Why?
• Theocracy
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Five Minute Writing Assignment
• What types of items and supplies were traded in Ancient Egypt?
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Five Minute Writing Assignment List five characteristics of Mesopotamian civilization and list five
characteristics of Egyptian civilization.Mesopotamia• River (flooding/silt)• City-state• Dynasty• Polytheism• Ziggurats• Code of laws• Epic of Gilgamesh
Egypt
• River (flooding/silt)• Delta area• Theocracy• Pyramids• Mummification• Hieroglyphics• papyrus
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Egypt (Still Unit 2)
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Egypt & The Nile
• Originally called Kemet, after the black soil that was located there.
• Later named Egypt by Greeks
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Egypt Unites• In the
beginning, Egypt was separated into two kingdoms:–1. Lower Egypt–2. Upper Egypt
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Early Peoples• As early as 5000 years ago man
began to settle in the Nile valley.• Leaders united these early peoples
into kingdoms.• By 4000 BCE two main kingdoms
dominated.–Upper- southern Egypt–Lower- northern Egypt
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Lower Egypt
Upper Egypt
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King Menes (Namer)• Established a capital,
Memphis• Established first
Egyptian Dynasty• Unites Upper and
Lower Egypt
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United KingdomUnited lower and upper Egypt and wore a
crown that symbolized its united kingdom
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Pharaohs• Egyptian kings = pharaohs• The Egyptians viewed their
pharaohs the same as the gods–KINGS WERE GODS
• Stood as center of religion as well as government and army
• Type of Government = Theocracy
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The Old Kingdom2700-2200 BCE• Governed by a theocracy: government &
religion ruled by same group or person.• Pharaoh: religious and govt. leader of
Ancient Egypt.• Delegated many responsibilities to
bureaucracy.
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Middle Kingdom: Hyksos Rule• 1700BCE Local leaders began
to challenge the rule of the Thebans
• Hyksos, a people from western Asia swept into Egypt– Bronze Weapons– Horse Drawn Chariots
• Hyksos rule Egypt for 110 years
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Rule of Ahmose
• 1600BCE Ahmose gathers forces and drives out the Hyksos
• This Begins the New Kingdom
• Extends empire to the East and North
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Rebuilding Egypt
• First Ahmose then Hatshepsut are dedicated to restoring the glory of Egypt.
• 1480 BCE Hatshepsut comes to power, rules over Egypt as Pharaoh
• Builds up city of Thebes. With obelisks and statues
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Ramses II & Decline• Rules Egypt for 67 years• Believed to be the Biblical Pharaoh that
tormented Moses
• After his death in 1237 BCE Egypt begins a decline
• In 945 BCE Lybians and Kushites take control of Nile Valley
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Trade• By 3200 BC, Egyptians were
trading with the Mesopotamians• Also traded up and down the Nile
–Gold–Ivory–Cattle–Granite blocks
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Religion• Polytheistic (?)• 2,000 gods and
goddesses• Built huge temples
to honor gods• Believed in
afterlife–Osiris – god of the
dead
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Social• Very different from
Mesopotamia• Egypt’s united kingdom
allowed–High degree of unity–Stability–Cultural continuity (common traditions/customs)
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Life in Egyptian SocietyPharaoh
Royal Advisor
Priests
Traders/Merchants
SlavesOrdinary Citizens
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Intellectual• Developed writing =
hieroglyphics• Developed written numbers
for recording taxes–Addition, subtraction
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Achievements• Knowledge in math = skillful
engineers–Pyramids–Palaces
• Egyptian Architects first to use stone columns in homes, palaces and temples
• 12 month, 365 day calendar from studying the stars–So accurate it was only 6 hours off from
today’s calendar year
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Egyptian Math & Draftsmenship
1 10 100 1000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000
What number is this?
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Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic
symbols
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Preparations for the Underworld
Priests protected your KA, or soul-spirit
ANUBIS weighs the dead person’s heart against a feather.
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Preparation for the Afterlife
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Egyptian Mummies
Seti I1291-1278 B.
C. E.Queen Tiye,
wife of Amenhotep II
1210-1200 B. C. E.
Ramses II1279-1212 B.
C. E.
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Plan of the Great Pyramids
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Geography• Nile River – 4,100 miles long, flows
northward • Every year in July the river flooded
REGULARLY leaving behind rich soil. • The Nile is the longest river in the
world!• Before emptying, marshy Nile Delta
begins. • In springtime the Nile floods & deposits
fertile silt.
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