Five Minute Writing Assignment

• What type of government controlled Ancient Egypt? Why?

• Theocracy

Five Minute Writing Assignment

• What types of items and supplies were traded in Ancient Egypt?

Five Minute Writing Assignment List five characteristics of Mesopotamian civilization and list five

characteristics of Egyptian civilization.Mesopotamia

• River (flooding/silt)• City-state• Dynasty• Polytheism• Ziggurats• Code of laws• Epic of Gilgamesh

Egypt

• River (flooding/silt)• Delta area• Theocracy• Pyramids• Mummification• Hieroglyphics• papyrus

Egypt (Still Unit 2)

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Egypt & The Nile

• Originally called Kemet, after the black soil that was located there.

• Later named Egypt by Greeks

Egypt Unites

• In the beginning, Egypt was separated into two kingdoms:–1. Lower Egypt–2. Upper Egypt

Early Peoples• As early as 5000 years ago man

began to settle in the Nile valley.• Leaders united these early peoples

into kingdoms.• By 4000 BCE two main kingdoms

dominated.–Upper- southern Egypt–Lower- northern Egypt

Lower Egypt

Upper Egypt

King Menes (Namer)

• Established a capital, Memphis

• Established first Egyptian Dynasty

• Unites Upper and Lower Egypt

United KingdomUnited lower and upper Egypt and wore a

crown that symbolized its united kingdom

Pharaohs• Egyptian kings = pharaohs• The Egyptians viewed their

pharaohs the same as the gods–KINGS WERE GODS

• Stood as center of religion as well as government and army

• Type of Government = Theocracy

The Old Kingdom

2700-2200 BCE• Governed by a theocracy: government &

religion ruled by same group or person.• Pharaoh: religious and govt. leader of

Ancient Egypt.• Delegated many responsibilities to

bureaucracy.

Middle Kingdom: Hyksos Rule

• 1700BCE Local leaders began to challenge the rule of the Thebans

• Hyksos, a people from western Asia swept into Egypt– Bronze Weapons– Horse Drawn Chariots

• Hyksos rule Egypt for 110 years

Rule of Ahmose

• 1600BCE Ahmose gathers forces and drives out the Hyksos

• This Begins the New Kingdom

• Extends empire to the East and North

Rebuilding Egypt

• First Ahmose then Hatshepsut are dedicated to restoring the glory of Egypt.

• 1480 BCE Hatshepsut comes to power, rules over Egypt as Pharaoh

• Builds up city of Thebes. With obelisks and statues

Ramses II & Decline

• Rules Egypt for 67 years• Believed to be the Biblical Pharaoh that

tormented Moses

• After his death in 1237 BCE Egypt begins a decline

• In 945 BCE Lybians and Kushites take control of Nile Valley

Trade• By 3200 BC, Egyptians were

trading with the Mesopotamians• Also traded up and down the Nile

–Gold–Ivory–Cattle–Granite blocks

Religion• Polytheistic (?)• 2,000 gods and

goddesses• Built huge temples

to honor gods• Believed in

afterlife–Osiris – god of the

dead

Social• Very different from

Mesopotamia• Egypt’s united kingdom

allowed–High degree of unity–Stability–Cultural continuity (common traditions/customs)

Life in Egyptian SocietyPharaoh

Royal Advisor

Priests

Traders/Merchants

Slaves

Ordinary Citizens

Intellectual

• Developed writing = hieroglyphics

• Developed written numbers for recording taxes–Addition, subtraction

Achievements• Knowledge in math = skillful

engineers–Pyramids–Palaces

• Egyptian Architects first to use stone columns in homes, palaces and temples

• 12 month, 365 day calendar from studying the stars–So accurate it was only 6 hours off from

today’s calendar year

Egyptian Math & Draftsmenship

Egyptian Math & Draftsmenship

1 10 100 1000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000

What number is this?

What number is this?

Hieroglyphics “Alphabet”Hieroglyphics “Alphabet” 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic

symbols 24 “letters” + 700 phonetic

symbols

Preparations for the Underworld

Preparations for the Underworld

Priests protected your KA, or soul-spirit

Priests protected your KA, or soul-spirit

ANUBIS weighs the dead person’s heart against a feather.

ANUBIS weighs the dead person’s heart against a feather.

Preparation for the Afterlife

Preparation for the Afterlife

Egyptian MummiesEgyptian Mummies

Seti I1291-1278 B.

C. E.

Seti I1291-1278 B.

C. E.

Queen Tiye, wife of

Amenhotep II1210-1200 B. C. E.

Queen Tiye, wife of

Amenhotep II1210-1200 B. C. E.

Ramses II1279-1212 B.

C. E.

Ramses II1279-1212 B.

C. E.

Plan of the Great Pyramids

Plan of the Great Pyramids

Geography• Nile River – 4,100 miles long, flows

northward • Every year in July the river flooded

REGULARLY leaving behind rich soil. • The Nile is the longest river in the

world!• Before emptying, marshy Nile Delta

begins. • In springtime the Nile floods & deposits

fertile silt.